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Scimces 

Corporalion 


23  WKT  MAIN  STHr 

WltSTIII,N.Y.  14SM 

(71«)t72-4S03 


4^ 


CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICIVIH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Inatituta  for  Historical  ly/licroraproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microraproductions  hiatoriquaa 


\ 


\ 


Tachnical  and  Bibliographic  Notat/Notas  tachniquas  at  bibliographiquaa 


Tha  Instituta  has  attamptad  to  obtain  tha  bast 
original  copy  availabia  for  filming.  Faaturas  of  this 
copy  which  may  ba  bibliographically  uniqua, 
which  may  altar  any  of  tha  imagaa  in  tha 
raproduction.  or  which  may  significantly  changa 
tha  usual  mathod  of  filming,  ara  chackad  balow. 


n 

D 

D 
D 
D 
D 
D 

n 


D 


Colourad  covars/ 
Couvartura  da  coulaur 

Covars  damagad/ 
Couvartura  andommagAa 

Covars  rastorad  and/or  laminatad/ 
Couvartura  rastauria  at/ou  palliculte 

Covar  titia  missing/ 

La  titra  da  couvartura  manqua 

Colourad  maps/ 

Cartas  gtegraphiquas  an  coulaur 

Coloured  ink  (i.a.  othar  than  blua  or  black)/ 
Encra  da  coulaur  (i.a.  autra  qua  blaua  ou  noira) 

Colourad  platas  and/or  illustrations/ 
Planchas  at/ou  iilustrationa  91%  coulaur 

Bound  with  othar  material/ 
RaliA  avac  d'autras  documents 

Tight  binding  may  causa  shadows  or  distortion 
along  interior  margin/ 

La  re  Mure  serrie  peut  causer  de  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
distortion  le  long  de  la  marge  intirieure 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restoration  may 
appear  within  the  text.  Whenever  possible,  these 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
II  se  peut  que  certainas  pages  blanches  ajoutie* 
lore  d'una  restauration  apparaissant  dans  la  texte, 
mais.  lorsque  cela  itait  possible,  ces  pages  n'ont 
pas  At*  f  iimAas. 

Additional  comments:/ 
Commentaires  supplAmentaires: 


L'Institut  a  microfilm*  le  meilleur  exemplaira 
qu'il  lui  a  iti  possible  de  se  procurer.  Les  details 
de  cet  exemplaira  qui  sont  paut-Atre  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibliographique.  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  raprodui'io.  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une 
modification  dans  la  mAthoda  normale  de  filmage 
sont  indiquAs  ci-dessous. 


I      I   Coloured  pages/ 


Pages  de  couleur 

Pages  damaged/ 
Pages  endommag6es 


□    Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Pages  restaurias  at/ou  pelliculAes 


ages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 
Pages  dicoiories,  tachet^es  ou  piquAes 


I      I   Pages  detached/ 


Pages  ditachies 

Showthrough/ 
Transparence 

Quality  of  prir 

Qualiti  inigala  de  I'impression 

Includes  supplementary  materii 
Comprend  du  material  supplAmentaire 

Only  edition  available/ 
Seule  Mition  disponible 


rT~|/  Showthrough/ 

I      I   Quality  of  print  varies/ 

I     I   Includes  supplementary  material/ 

I — I    Only  edition  available/ 


I     T/Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
U±d^  slips,  tissues,  etc.,  hdve  been  refilmed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Les  pages  totalement  ou  partiellement 
obscurcies  par  un  feuillet  d'errata,  une  pelure, 
etc.,  ont  M  film6es  A  nouveau  de  fapon  A 
obtenir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 


Thi 
toi 


Th« 
poi 
ofi 
flln 


Ori 
baj 
the 
sioi 
oth 
firs 
sioi 
or 


Th< 
shi 
Tl^ 


Ma 

difl 
ant 
bet 
rigl 
req 
me 


This  item  is  filmed  at  tha  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  film*  au  taux  da  riduction  indiquA  ci-dessous. 


10X 

14X 

18X 

22X 

26X 

30X 

• 

v^ 

12X 

16X 

20X 

24X 

28X 

32X 

laire 
I  details 
iues  du 
It  modifier 
iger  une 
B  filmage 


1/ 
uAes 


lire 


Dy  errata 
ed  to 

int 

me  pelure, 

apon  it 


32X 


The  copy  f  ^med  her*  haa  bean  raproducad  thanka 
to  tha  gan'^roalty  of: 

Yoric  Univariity 
Toronto 
Scott  Library 

Tha  imagaa  appearing  hara  ara  tha  beat  quality 
poaaibia  eonaidaring  tha  condition  and  legibility 
of  tha  original  copy  and  in  keeping  with  the 
filming  contract  apacificatlona. 


Original  coplee  in  printed  paper  covera  ara  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  iaat  page  with  a  printed  or  illuatrated  Imprea- 
aion,  or  the  back  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
other  original  copiea  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
firat  page  with  a  printed  or  illuatrated  imprea- 
aion,  and  ending  on  the  iaat  page  with  a  printed 
or  illuetrated  impreaaion. 


The  iaat  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
ahail  contain  the  aymbol  — »■  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  the  aymbol  ▼  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  appllaa. 

IMapa,  piatea.  charta,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  et 
different  reduction  ratioa.  Thoae  too  iarga  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  expoeure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  comer,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  aa  many  framea  ca 
required.  The  following  diagrama  illuatrate  the 
method: 


1  2  3 


L'exemplaire  film*  f ut  reprodult  grAce  k  la 
gAn^roait*  da: 

York  University 
Toronto 
Soott  Librijry 

Lea  imagea  auivantee  ont  AtA  reproduitea  avac  la 
plua  grand  aoin,  compta  tenu  de  la  condition  at 
da  la  nettetA  de  l'exemplaire  filmA,  et  en 
conformity  avac  lea  conditiona  du  contrat  de 
filmage. 

I.ee  exemplairea  originaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
papier  eat  imprimie  aont  fiim^a  an  commandant 
par  la  premier  plat  et  en  terminent  aoit  par  la 
darnlAre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impreaaion  ou  d'illuatration,  aoit  par  la  aacond 
plat,  aaion  le  caa.  Toua  lea  autree  exemplairea 
originaux  aont  fiimto  en  commencant  par  la 
premiere  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impreaaion  ou  d'illuatration  et  en  terminent  par 
la  darnlAre  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 

Un  dee  aymboiaa  aulvanta  apparattra  aur  la 
darniAre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  aelon  le 
caa:  le  aymbole  — »>  aignifie  "A  SUIVRE",  le 
aymbole  ▼  aignifie  "FIN  ". 

Lee  cartea,  planchea,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  Atre 
fllmte  A  dee  taux  de  rMuction  diffirenta. 
Loraque  la  document  eat  trop  grand  pour  Atre 
reprodult  en  un  aeui  cllchA,  il  eat  film*  A  partir 
de  I'engle  aupArieur  geuche,  de  gauche  h  droite, 
et  de  heut  en  bee,  en  prenent  le  nombre 
d'imagea  nicaaaaira.  Lea  diagrammea  auivanta 
iliuatrent  la  mAthode. 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

THE 


8ILVA   OF   NORTH  AMERICA 

A  DESCRIPTION  OF  THE  TREES  WHICH  GROW 

NATURALLY  IN  NORTH   AMERICA 

EXCLUSIVE  OF  MEXICO 


CHARLES   SPRAGUE  SARGENT 

DIBECTOR   OF   TBB  ARirOLD  ABBOBEniM 
or  BABTABD  UHTWRSITr 


3|Uui»rateD  toiti^  fi%ntt»  ann  Qimimti  titatDn  from  j^tuve 

BT 

CHABLES  EDWARD  FAXON 

SUPPLEMENT 

VOLUME   XIII 
RHAMNA  CE^— ROSACEA 


BOSTON  AND  NEW  YORK 

HOUGHTON,  MIFFLIN  AND  COMPANY 

Z^t  Ittbecjfttie  ^rejgtjgt,  Camlinlise 


KDCCGCn 


copn^ffiik,  1S03, 
Bt  OBAKLB  ipbaodi  iabobr. 


All  'ighti  nienml. 


Thf  Kirtnid)  Prtu,  Cambrtiit/r.  Mau.,  V.  S.  A. 
Bactrotjrpad  and  PriuWd  by  H.  O.  Uouf  htoa  Mul  Company. 


,*" 


i' 


To 

THE  TRUSTEES  OF  THE  MASSACHUSETTS  SOCIETY 
FOR  THE  PROMOTION  OF  AGRICULTURE 

THI8  THIBTEENTU  VOLUME  OF 
THE  8ILVA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA 

18   AFPECTIONATELY   DEDICATED 
BT  THEIB  ASSOCIATE  OF  TIIIBTT  TEABS. 


NOTE. 

Tbb  first  Tolume  of  thu  «ork  was  issued  in  October,  1890.  At  that  time  it  was  believed  that 
the  forstts  of  North  America,  exclusive  of  Mexico,  contained  only  422  species  of  trees  and  that  these 
could  be  described  in  twelve  volumes  illustrated  by  600  plates. 

The  interest  in  trees  and  dendrologioal  study  have  greatly  increased  in  the  United  States  since  the 
fint  voiuknc^  of  thio  Silva  appeared ;  and  recent  researches  have  disclosed  thu  presence  on  this  continent 
of  a  number  of  arborescent  species  whose  existence  was  not  even  suspected  ten  years  ago,  and  have 
added  much  to  the  knowledge  of  the  geographical  distribution  of  North  American  trees.  Most  of 
these  additions  to  our  silva  are  new  to  science ;  others  were  formerly  considered  shrubs  but  are  now 
known  to  be  often  arborescent  in  habit,  and  others  regarded  as  varieties  in  earlier  volumes  are  now 
believed  to  be  best  treated  as  species.  Two  supplementary  volumes  are  needed  for  the  description  and 
illustration  of  these  additions,  and  the  completed  work  contains  the  descriptions  of  585  trees,  of  several 
varieties  of  trees  and  of  a  numbn  of  shrubs,  and  740  plates. 

C.  S.  SARGENT. 


Amnold  ABBOBaruM, 
June,  1902. 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 


iNTIIODtTOTOBr   NoTB 

CnAnatHVB  HPiNoiicit Plato  doxzi. 

jGaCULUl  AUITBINA 

SArantvt  iiaboinatvi 

Acm  HAOUHARUlf,  TW.  LKUCODRKMI 

ACBR  mORUM 

ACEB   RUBRVH,  T»r.  TRtDRNR 

Glrditcia  Texana PUtodezzTii. 

Prooopii  JULirLOBA,  TM.  vTi.UTurA        ....        Plate  dcrzTlli 


•        ••....  » 

1 

Plato  dcuiL 3 

Plato  dinsUl 5 

PUtodezzW 7 

Plato  doizT 9 

PUtodczzri H 

18 

15 


Lkucana  Orcioii Plato  dezziz. 


17 


Acacia  tortuoha 

{"rvnus  umbrllata,  Tar.  imjvcvnda 

PRUNim  TARDA 

Pbdmds  Alabamrviiu 

CERCooABfin  bhr>  :aoRn« 

Crrcooarpus  Tbaskmi Plato  dezzzr. 

CRAT.Rau8  SALIONA Plato  dozzzvi 87 

CRATA0V8   CRV8.aAI.U,  TBT.  FyRACANTRIirOLIA    .  Plato  dcZZZTli 89 

41 


Plato  dezzz 19 

Plato  dcxxzi 21 

Fiato  dezzxii •  38 

Plato  dozzziii 35 

Plato  dezzziv 27 


CRAT^aufl  Canbti Plato  dozzzviii, 

CRAT.iiou8  ENOELMAimi Plato  dczzziz. 

Crat.«ou8  PEORiiNgM Plato  dczl.  . 

Crataour  frcunda Plato  dezli. 

Cbatjwus  brbcta         ,        ,        ,        .        .        ,  Plato  dezlii. 

CRAT.«oug  AccnroLiA Plato  dezliii.    . 

Cbatjbovs  sioiiata Plato  dezliv. 

Cratjmus  Bvaan pUto  dezlr. 

Crat-hous  rdita Plato  dczlri. 

CRATJtoug  MoHRi Plato  dozlrii. 

Crat.«0D8  prdimma Plato  dezlriii. 

CRATiBoua  Ororoiana Plato  dczliz. 

Cratxovs  Botktovi Plato  del.     . 

Cbatjcous  vwrvsTA Plato  deli. 

Crataods  Saroenti Plato  delii.  . 

Cratjwdh  gUBORBicuLATA Plato  doUu 71 

CRAT.SOU8  COLUNA Plato  dcUv 73 

Cratjcqus  80RDIDA Plate  dcW 76 

Crat.«ius  Brazoria piato  dolvi. 77 

CRAT.«auH  Lettermani Plato  dclTii 79 

CRATiBOUg  PRATENHIg Plato  dclviii 81 

CRATiBOus  MOLLIS Plato  dclix 83 

CRATiBQUa  ARKANgAMA Plato  dclz 86 

CBAT^OUg  «ERA pUte  dclzj 87 

CRATiBOUg  CANADKN8IS Plate  dclxii 89 

Crataoub  Berlaxdibri Plate  dclziii 91 


43 
45 
47 
49 
61 
63 
66 
67 
59 
61 
63 
66 
67 
69 


vUi 


TahU  of  Conttntn. 


CuATMam 
Cturmav* 
CmATiWm 
CmAiMom 
CmATjMim 

CBAT4MIV1 

Cbatjmdi 
Cbatjmoui 

Cbatjmiui 

CBATAlin 
CKATAOini 

Cmjltamkm 

CmATJMOl 

CBAT^nim 

CBAT.«aUII 

CaATAoin 
CmATiBaui 

CaATAOVI 

Ckat^mdi 
Ckatjmdi 
Cbatjmvi 
CmATMtam 
CtuTAtavt 
Cbat,«oui 
Crataodi 
Cbat«>ci 

ClUtMOV* 
CBATAOm 

CmAT.BOcrt 

CmATAOUf 
CRATJ(0OT 

CmATJMim 
Ckatagot 
Cbat.«oui 
CmAT.aouii 

CBATJMtn 
C>AT.BOtII 
CKAT,«aUI 

CmATJMtn 
Cbataoui 

CkATJMim 

CkATAOUa 

Ckataoot 

CBATdMUK 

Cbaumui 


Tbuha 
ginwoivA . 
rrmivoaiaa  . 

I'OBDICA     . 
HUailOLLII 

Amicolouka    . 
CBAMrLAiHuriai 

AjroMALA  . 

Ellwamuhuaka 
PmiMOLn . 

OUJITATA 

coocimoiDM 

LOSVLATA 
HoLMniAVA 
rBOICBLLATA 
nCABBIDA  .  • 

IDCOBim 
LACBSA 
PBNTAirDSA    . 
IILVIOOLA  . 
nOOCWBA         ■ 

JomiMi 

Maboabbita 

■uccvlbnta 

OBMIiOaA 

iLLinoinnu 

IMTBQBItOBA 
MACBACAirraA   . 

Ajiibi    . 
Habbmoni 
Vaili*         . 

rLAVA 

comiAxaciNBA 
Flobidana 
lacbimata    . 
Ravbmblii 

DUrAB   . 
RBMTA 
APBICA  . 

orlitA 

▼UUIA     . 
CILABBnmCULA    . 
BLAITDA 
KIT  IDA 
AtmOBUBBin  . 


PUud«Ul? N 

Pbtodabr W 

PUU'VIitL 9T 

rUUdelivU M 

PUU  eluslL  (TOiBBM  U.) 101 

PUU  deUTill lot 

PUUdaUii 106 

PUiaddii 107 

PUMdelui 100 

PUud«luU HI 

Plato  dulsiUi lis 

PUto  deUilv 115 

PUtodcluT 117 

PUU  delxsTL 110 

PUtoddxirii 131 

PUto  deUzTili 118 

PUtodaUxU U5 

PUto  dclm 137 

PUtodeluii 139 

PUto  dsUxiii 131 

PUtodoUuiii Ua 

PUto  deUuiT 185 

PUtodeUsxT 187 

PUtoeluxi.  (roluBMiT.) 130 

PUtodeUzzri 141 

PUto  delxxxTli 148 

PUto  dolzuTiiL 148 

PUtodelzuix 147 

PUto  doze 149 

PUto  dexei 151 

PUtodenii 188 

PUto  dezeUi 186 

Plato  doxcW 1S7 

PUto  duxix.  (toIoom  It.) 1S9 

Plato  dexcT 161 

PUto  deseri ,188 

PUto  exe.  (toIbib*  It.) 106 

Plato  dexevii. 167 

PUtodexcTiii 100 

Plato  dexeix 171 

PUtodea 178 

PUto  doei m 

PUto  deeii 177 

PUtodseiii 170 

PUtodeeir 181 


SILVA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


OBANOTHUB  SPINOSUB. 
Lllso. 

Branchletb  angled,  spinescent.   Inflorescence  compound,  on  leafy  branches.   Leaves 
coriaceous,  rarely  3-nerved,  persistent. 


OMUiotbua  aplnoaua,  Nutull,  Torrty  i  Oray  Fl.  N.  Am. 
I.  267  (1838).  —  WiUon,  Proe.  Am,  Aead.  s.  337.  — 
Br«w«r  A  WatMO,  Bot.  Cat.  I  103.  —  Tnlwuw,  Froe. 
Cat.  Aead.  Mr.  2,  i.  109 1  Gray  3yn.  /?■  if-  Am.  i.  pt  t 


411. —  Parry,  Proe.  Davtnport  Aead.  t.  172.  —  GrMM, 
Oardm  and  Forest,  ▼.  447 —  K.  BrandagM,  Proe.  Cal. 
Aead.  mt.  3,  ir.  18S  (axel.  var.  Palmtri). 


Usually  shrubby  in  habit,  CeanothuH  Bpinomiii  in  the  canons  of  the  San  Rafael  Mountains 
sometinies  becomes  a  shapely  tree,  eighteen  or  twenty  feet  in  height,  with  a  stem  five  or  six  inches  in 
diameter  covered  with  dark  red-brown  bark  roughened  by  small  closely  appresaed  scales,  and  upright 
branches  forming  an  nanow  open  head.  The  branchlets  are  slender,  divaricate,  angled,  pubescent  or 
puberulous  when  they  first  appear,  soon  glabrous,  bright  green,  ultimately  reddish  brown,  and  frequently 
end  in  sharp  leafless  thorn-like  points.  The  leaves  are  elliptical,  full  and  rounded  and  apiculate  or  often 
slightly  emarginate  or  gradually  narrowed  and  pointed  or  rarely  three-lobed  at  the  apex,  rounded  or 
ouneate  at  the  base,  villose-pubescent  below  when  they  first  unfold  along  the  stout  midribs  and  obscure 
primary  veins,  soon  glabrous,  coriaceous,  and  persistent ;  they  are  usually  about  an  inch  long  and  half 
an  inch  wide,  and  are  borne  on  stout  petioles  which  vary  from  one  sixth  to  one  third  of  an  inch  in 
length  and,  at  first  villose,  finally  become  nearly  glabrous.  On  vigorous  shoots  the  leaves  are  sometimes 
ovate,  conspicuously  three-nerved,  irregularly  serrate,  with  incurved  apiculate  teeth,  or  coarsely  dentate, 
and  often  an  inch  and  a  half  long  and  five  eighths  of  an  inch  wide.  The  stipules  are  minute,  acute,  and 
early  deciduous.  The  flowers,  which  vary  from  light  to  dark  blue  and  are  very  fragrant,  open  from 
March  until  May,  and  are  produced  in  hix  corymbs  from  the  axils  of  acute  pubescent  red  caducous 
bracts  on  upper  leafy  branchlets  of  the  year,  the  whole  inflorescence  forming  an  open  thyrsus  often  five 
or  six  inches  long  and  three  or  four  inches  thick  and  destitute  of  leaves  toward  the  apex.  The  fruit 
is  depressed,  obscurely  lobed,  crestless,  black,  and  from  one  quarter  to  one  third  of  an  inch  in  diameter. 

Ceanothus  spinoaus  is  a  common  inhabitant  of  mountain  canons  near  the  coast  of  southern 
California  in  Santa  Barbara,  Ventura,  and  Los  Angeles  counties,  where  it  grows  down  nearly  to  the 
sea-level  in  forests  composed  of  Quercua  agrifolia,  Platanus  racemoaa,  Sambucua  glauca,  Umbellu' 
laria  Californica,  Alnua  rhombifoKa,  Juglana  Califomica,  and  often  forms  a  heavy  undergrowth 
with  other  small  trees  and  many  species  of  shrubs,  its  large  clusters  of  bright  blue  flowers  enlivening 
these  f oresta  for  many  weeks  in  early  spring,  when  it  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful  of  all  the  members  of 
this  genus.' 

Ceanothua  apinoaiia  was  discovered  in  1836  by  Thomas  Nuttall,'  near  Santa  Barbara,  California.' 

>  There  appears  to  be  no  record  of  the  introduction  of  Ceattolhut         '  See  ii.  34. 
ipitHWta  into  American  or  European  gardens.  *  See  CoTille,  Proe.  Biol.  Soe.  Wa$hmglen,  ziii.  117. 


E'U'LANATION  OF  THE  PLATE. 

VtjLTK  DCXXI.    Ckaxothus  spuroaus. 

1.  A  flowering  bnuieh,  luitiml  lize. 

2.  Vertical  Mction  of  s  flower,  enlarged. 

3.  A  fraiting  branch,  natural  riie. 

4.  Vertical  Motion  of  a  fruit,  enlarged. 

5.  A  nutlet  dirided  tranirenely,  enlarged. 


i   ! 


I 


i 


Tab  DC XXI 


<-  in-^tiAVivy  OF  THE   PIATK. 


•   %  XI.     (?KASOTmm  HrurtMim. 
'  -!ir.g  branch,  nataral  iiu«. 
.  v>  iWKiion  u(  a  t)»w«r,  «iilar|j[ad. 
!!!)(  tirancli,  naturkl  *im. 
>1  wction  of  »  fruit,  cnlairgad. 
.ct  HiTided  tnuitvernwir.  cnWgwI. 


Silva  of  North  America 


Tab.  DC  XXI 


CF  Fftavn  uW 


fiapifi»  ■. 


CEANOTHUS    SPINOSUS.NuU 


A  ftl,>rtfVuii  <iirt\r 


/"i/y. ,  ■^  7a/ifur  Parts 


SAPmOACEA 


BILVA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


8 


.ffiSOULUS  AUSTRINA. 
Buokaye. 
Petals  shorter  than  the  stamens.    Leaves  5-foliolate.    Seeds  pale  yellow-brown. 


iBBOulua  auBtrina,  Small,  Bull.  Torrey  Bat.  Club,  zzriii. 

369  (1901). 
^soulus  Pavia,  /}  diaoolor,  Torrejr  &  Gny,  Fl.  N.  Am. 

i.  262  (in  part)  (not  Mieulut  diteolor,  Funh)  (1838). 


^■oulua  ootandra,  yu.  hybrida,  Sargent  SUva  N.  Am. 
ii.  60  (in  part)  (1891).  —  Robinion,  Gray  Syn.  Fl.  N. 
Am.  u  pt.  i.  447  (in  part). 


A  tree,  occasionally  twenty-five  or  thirty  feet  in  height,  with  a  straight  trunk  five  or  six  inches  in 
diameter  covered  with  pale  smooth  bark,  and  rather  stout  branches  forming  a  narrow  symmetrical  head ; 
or  often  shrubby.  The  branchlets,  which  are  unusually  slender  for  those  of  a  Horsechestnut,  are  marked 
by  numerous  small  pale  lenticels,  and  when  they  first  unfold  are  green  and  puberulous,  becoming  gray 
slightly  tinged  with  red  during  their  first  winter  and  only  slightly  darker  in  their  second  year.  The 
winter-buds  are  broadly  ovate,  obtusely  pointed,  and  about  a  quarter  of  an  inch  in  length,  with  ovate 
rounded  apiculate  light  red-brown  outer  scales.  The  leaves  are  generally  composed  of  five  leaflets,*  and 
are  borne  on  slender  grooved  villose  or  pubescent  usually  ultimately  glabrous  petioles  from  three  to 
five  inches  long.  The  leaflets  are  oblongH>bovato  or  elliptical,  acuminate  at  the  apex,  gradually 
narrowed  from  near  the  middle  and  acute  at  the  entire  base,  finely  or  coarsely  and  sothetimes  doubly 
orenulate«errate  above,  dark  green,  lustrous,  and  glabrous,  except  along  the  slender  yellow  midribs 
and  veins,  on  the  upper  surface,  lighter  colored  and  coated  on  the  lower  surface,  early  in  the  season  at 
least,  with  soft  pale  pubescence,  nearly  sessile  or  petiolulate,  from  four  to  five  inches  long  and  from  an 
inch  and  a  half  to  two  inches  wide.  The  flowers  appear  in  southern  Arkansas  from  the  first  to  the 
middle  of  April,'  and  are  usually  from  three  quarters  of  an  inch  to  an  inch  in  length,  and  bright  red; 
tiiey  are  borne  on  slender  pubescent  pedicels  which  become  much  thickened  on  the  fruit  and  are 
sometimes  a  quarter  of  an  inch  long,  and  are  mostly  aggregated  toward  the  ends  of  the  short  branches 
of  the  narrow  pubescent  inflorescence  which  varies  from  six  to  eight  inches  in  length.  The  calyx  is 
tubular,  short  and  broad  or  elongated,  pubendous  on  the  outer  surface  and  tomentose  on  the  inner 
surface,  with  rounded  lobes.  The  petals  are  connivent,  unequal,  oblong^bovate,  rounded  at  the  apex, 
puberulous  on  the  outer  surface,  and  glandular,  with  minute  dark  glands,  those  of  the  superior  pair  being 
about  half  as  wide  as  those  of  the  lateral  pair,  with  claws  much  longer  than  the  calyx.  The  filaments, 
which  am  longer  than  the  petals,  and  the  ovary  are  villose.  The  fruit  ripeus  and  falls  in  October,  and 
is  borne  on  the  much  elongated  thickened  and  now  drooping  rachis  of  the  inflorescence,  usually  only  a 
few  fruits  maturing.  These  are  usually  pear-shaped  or  occasionally  subglobose,  mostly  two-seeded,  and 
generally  from  an  inch  and  a  half  to  two  inches  and  a  half  in  length,  with  very  thin  pale  brown  slightly 
pitted  valves.  The  seeds  are  sometimes  an  inch  and  a  half  in  diameter,  light  yellow-brown,  with  a 
small  hilum  and  a  thin  testa.' 


'  On  a  speoimen  of  .Ssculiu  collected  by  B.  F.  Buah  at  Columbia, 
Tezai,  April  5,  1901  (No.  48),  which  ahould  probably  be  referred 
to  this  speoiea,  the  leavu  all  bare  six  or  seven  leaflets. 

'  At  Fulton,  Arkansas,  vrhere  this  red-flowered  Horsechestnut  is 
in  bloom  from  the  first  to  the  middle  of  April,  I  found  on  the  23d 
of  April,  1801,  Horsechestnut-trees  with  leaves  just  beginning  to 
unfold  and  minute  flower-buds.  The  under  surface  of  the  leaflets 
of  these  trees  was  coated  with  thick  silvery  white  tomentum  similar 
to  that  found  on  the  young  leaflets  of  the  shrubby  Horsechestnut  of 


western  Texas,  with  which  /Eiculus  atutrina  is  now  proviaionaUy 
united. 

'  It  is  with  •""  siderable  hesitation  and  without  having  seen  the 
type  of  jK$ct-  «  aualrina  that  I  adopt  this  name  for  a  common 
Horsechestnut  of  the  trans-Mississippi  region,  for  too  little  is  still 
known  about  it  and  about  some  other  peculiar  fonns  of  ^!gculu8  of 
the  same  region,  especially  those  of  eastern  Texas,  where  fruit  has 
not  yet  been  collected.  JEiculut  autlrina  approaches  on  the  one 
hand  jEsculua  oclandra,  var.  hybrida,  with  which  it  has  previously 


HILVA  OF  NOBTH  AMEBIC  A. 


SAPIND^CXA 


jEaculfta  auatrina  grows  in  rich  upland  woods  from  Memphis,  Tennessee,'  end  southern  Missouri* 
to  eastern  Texas*  and  northwestern  Alabama.* 


bWB  noitMl,  in  the  eolor  ot  Um  flowan,  in  liie  ihort  brand  calyx  of 
■ome  iadindiuli,  and  in  th*  pubMMBM  whieh  «OTcn  tha  under 
iorfiMM  of  tlw  ImBcU,  iHtttiag  (ram  tb*  /ppnlashinn  tcM  in  it* 
•xMrted  iUmeni.  On  tb*  otbar  hand,  it  approaebM  /fiwWw  Pavia 
in  tb«  long  namw  saljrx  of  Mm*  indindoal*  and  in  tb*  •u*rt*d 
fllamsnta,  dilfarinf  (ram  it  in  it*  pub**o«nt  l*afl*ta  and  mora 
numaraui  and  erawdod  flomn.  From  all  tb*  Amcrieau  ip**!**, 
with  tb*  *xo*ption  o(  Jiieulut  pan^/lora,  it  differ*  in  tb*  eolor  of 
it*  ligbt  7*llow-brown  i**d«,  whicb  furuiih  tb*  bMt  «harn«t*r  for 
diitiogniibing  tbi*  tr**. 

>  A.  F*Ddl*r,  AprU  13, 18S1  (in  H*rb.  Gray). 

'  Batl*r  Count;,  G.  W.  Letlnnnan,  Hay  9,  1884.  Thii  ipael- 
m*n  La*  tb*  long  tabnlar  ealjz  of  ^laii  u  Pmia,  bat  tb*  1**t** 


ara  nrj  pnh«nint.  N*cl*7'".'ill«,  Butl*r  Conntj,  B.  F.  Boih,  April 
23, 1898;  Grnndin,  B.  F.  Buab.  May  8,  iWl,  'ritli  only  iligbtly 
pttb**o*nt  I*a8*t*  and  a  long  tnimlar  oalys  AikanMi:  Camdon, 
A.  F*ndl*r,  1880 ;  Littl*  Rook,  G.  W.  LctUrmaa,  Hay  6, 1881 ; 
Fulton,  B.  F.  Butb,  April  4, 1900 ;  W.  U.  Canhy,  B.  F.  Bu«b,  and 
C.  8.  Sargant,  April  18, 1901. 

'  Rio  Guadalonpe,  B*rUndi*r,  AprU,  1828  (Not.  1743  and  422, 
in  H*rb.  Gray);  n*ar  Boi>nM,  C.  8.  Sargent,  Uareb,  1887  ;  Colum- 
bia, B.  F.  Buth,  April  S,  1901  (No.  48). 

*  A  ipaeiman  eolleetad  in  1804,  at  lioolton.  lAwreno*  County, 
Alabama,  and  pni*rT*d  in  th*  Gray  H*rbnriun,  appoan  identieal 
with  .iBteului  auitrmi  from  •outhem  ArkaiUij,  •'e>-pt  in  it*  imalUr 
leaiUt*. 


EXPLANATION  OF  THE  PLATE. 

Platb  DCXXn.    JEacvnvn  AXJwnanA. 

1.  A  6owering  branch,  natoral  lii*. 

2.  An  opper  petal,  natural  liu. 

3.  A  Uterml  petal,  nataral  liz*. 

4.  A  ttamcn,  natoral  hm. 

6.  The  end  of  •  clutter  of  fmit,  natural  um. 
6.  A  nat,  nat\.  ■%i  rite. 


SOHTh   AMURK  A 


SAPINDACKiK. 


...,1 


««  Mtor  i>f 

>'  «4mmi 

mtior 

«       ITiii 

•poci- 

but  tbt> 

le*«m 

Twill  mi  I,'  aad  iwiAwn  Miw>(juri ' 


aM  <«rr  pakMamt.  NMlsjmiU*,  HntUr  CimuiI  .  It  F  iluh,  April 
«a,  IMH  .  (jfluidin,  B.  F  Muih,  Ma;  «,  Ittti,  •.ib  on);  >lightl; 
yiilOTmrt  l*«A<>U  (nil  »  li>n|;  tubular  otljri  <trk*u<u:  CanirlFn, 
^.  FwdWr.  \K*i ;  UtUe  K.Mik,  U.  W.  L*tt.riu>ii,  Uay  0,  1H81  ; 
I  ultvn,  U  K  lluih,  April  4,  lUOO ;  W.  M.  C^if,  B.  )'.  V  ^,  lud 
(.  N.  Har|[«nl,  April  IK,  1W)1. 

'  Riu  Gawliil.iupe,  IWrlaiHiigr,  April,  183li  |  No*.  1743  and  ^■::i, 
in  Hrrb  (iniy);  near  IkMrnc,  V.  S.  ^>arK<lnl,  Manh,  IW  Coluui- 
bJA,  II.  F   Hitah,  April  \  IWIl  (No. 48) 

'  A  »p«cim«n  oollecteil  in  ISM,  al  Miwltun,  l<awren««  County, 
Alaltama,  anil  prawrr-'  in  tlM  (injr  llarhaxiun,  appfat*  identical 
nil!)  .Km-Wui atntrina  from  aoutiuifa  Arkna*«a,  «'  tf  m  ita luuller 
lealloi*. 


KXPLANATION  OF  THK   PLATE. 

PiATK  nCXXlI.     Mtcntv*  AtiitaD  «• 
i.  A  HowerinK  branrb,  natural  tii«. 
3.  An  n|ip>>r  petal,  natural  iir.«. 

3.  A  laicnil  |irul.  n*.tnt'*I  Kirr. 

4.  A  ataincn,  aatural  tiu. 

f>.  The  end  of  *  vliwter  of  (rait,  natnral  niia. 
r>.  A  nut,  natnrxl  <irii. 


,'• 


it  ; 


SAPINDACEiK. 

ik«rn  Miwtouri' 


I,  h  F  Huh,  April 
,  %i(b  onlv  iilightlj 
Artuiiu**'  Canidca, 
r«Mn,  H>;  C,  1H81  ; 
If,  B.  f.  r  jk,  (ud 

;Nm.  1743  and '!':i, 
uvk,  tW    ,  Coluiu- 

,  li*wrei»«i  County, 
a,  kpprcn  iflenlicd 
F- '  cj,    iB  itfi  tuuJlcr 


T»h.DCXXU. 


yy.i.i.n  M-. 


ZarfaiK^  ^ir'. 


y^SCULUS  AUSTRINA, Small. 

/f  lt„„  /•«/,,   ,///«7  '  ''''/•     '^""•"r  -"•"■'■ 


i 


n 


aAnNUAOut 


aiLVA   OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


SAPINDUS  MAROINATU8. 


boapbcrry. 


Sepals  rounded ;  petals  appcndiculate. 
lance-oblong. 

Bapindus  rnvglnatua,  Wllldtnow,  Enum.  432  (1800).  — 
Hu«hUnb«rg,  Cat.  41.  —  D*  CkndolU,  Prodr.  i.  607.  — 
Spnngcl,  SyU.  il.  200.  —  Don,  0«n.  Sytt.  i.  666,  — 
Spub,  Hilt.  yig.  ili.  64.  —  Torny  4k  Gray,  fl.  If.  Am.  i. 
266  (in  fUt).  —  HaifU,Sylua,  li.  72,  t.  66.— Engel- 
muin  *  Qny,  Jour.  BoH.  Sue.  Nat.  Hut.  y.  241  (PI. 
lindhtim.  i.)  (in  part).  —  Gray,  0«n.  lU.  U.  214  (io 
part).  —  Sehniiltin,  Icon.  U  230,  (.  22.— Clu.pmu, /7. 
79.  — Hamilty,  Bot.  Biol.  Am.  Ctnt.  i.  214  (in  part).- 
S»rg«nt,  FortMt  Tntt  N.  Am.  XOtK  Centtu  V.  S.  ix.  44 
(in  put);  Silva  N.  Am.  ii.  71  (in  part).  —  Robinion, 
Oray  Syn-  ^-  N-  Am.  i.  pt  i.  444. 


Fruit  dorsally  oarinate.    Leaflets  7  to  IS, 


Bkplodua  BnponarU,  LMnwek,  ttt.  ii.  441,  t  307  (not 
Linnaut)  (1793).  — Miolisui,  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  i.  242.— 
Point,  Lamarck  Diet.  ri.  663  (in  part).  —  Ptnoon,  Syn. 
i.  444.  —  Punb,  Fl.  Am.  Sept.  i.  274.  —  NuttaU,  Om.  i. 
267.  —  Elliott,  Sk.  i.  460. 

BApindus  fklMtua,  Raflnoiqaa,  Med.  Fl.  ii.  261  (1830). 

Bapindua  aotiminktua,  Raflnttquo,  New  Fl.  iii.  22 
(1836).  —  &ulllio(«r,  SitM.  Akad.  MUneh.  1878,  316, 
393.— Watwn  A  CoulUr,  Qray't  Man.  ed.  0, 116  (in  part). 

Bapindus  Manatanaia,  Radlliofer,  Sita.  Akad.  MUnth. 
1878,  318,  400.  —  Naib,  BvU.  Torrey  Bot.  Club,  niiL 
102. 


A  tree,  rarely  more  thnn  twenty-five  or  thirty  feet  in  height,  with  a  trunk  Bometimei  a  foot  in 
diameter,  and  Btout  pale  brown  or  ultimately  ashy  gray  branchlets.  The  leaves  are  six  or  seven  inches 
long,  with  from  seven  to  thirteen  leaflets  which  are  borne  on  e  slender  wingless  or  narrowly  margined 
or  marginless  rachis,  the  lower  leaflets  being  usually  alternate  and  the  upper  opposite.  The  leaflets  are 
lance-oblong,  acuminate,  more  or  less  falcate,  glabrous,  dark  green  and  lustrous  on  the  upper  surface, 
paler  and  glabrous  or  puberulous  below  along  the  slender  midnerves,  sessile  or  very  short-petiolulate,  from 
two  to  five  inches  in  length  and  from  three  quarters  of  an  inch  to  an  inch  and  a  quarter  in  width.  The 
panicles  of  flowers,  which  appear  in  early  spring,  are  pyramidal,  four  or  five  inches  long  and  usually 
about  three  inches  wide,  with  villose  stems  and  branches.  The  flowers,  which  are  home  on  short  stout 
tomentose  pedicels,  are  more  or  less  tinged  with  red  and  are  nearly  an  eighth  of  an  inch  in  diameter. 
The  sepak  are  villose  on  the  outer  surface  towa:  ;he  base  and  ciliate  on  the  margins,  the  outer  being 
roiwded  at  the  narrowed  apex  and  much  narrower  ban  the  inner,  which  are  obovate  and  rounded  at  the 
broad  apex.  The  petals  are  ovate^blong,  short-clawed,  ciliate  on  the  margins,  and  furnished  on  the 
inner  surface  near  the  base  with  a  two-lobed  villose  scale.  The  berries  are  conspicuously  keeled  on  the 
back,  short-oblong,  and  often  three  quarters  of  an  inch  in  length,  with  thin  light  yellow  translucent  flesh 
and  obovate  dark  brown  seeds  villose  at  the  hilum  with  tufted  pale  hairs.' 


■  In  the  Synoptical  Flora  of  Norik  America  (i.  pt.  i.  444 
[1807]),  Dr.  B.  L.  Robinion  firat  pointed  sut  the  chanoten  which 
•epant*  Sapindut  marginatui  of  Florid*  from  the  Sapindua  of  the 
region  west  of  the  Miu'oip  ii  River,  for  which  the  name  of  Sapin- 
dut Drvmmondi  mult  be  <uf  >pted.  In  the  Mcond  Tolume  of  The 
SUva  of  North  America  the  Tezaa  tree  waa  confounded  with  the 
Florida  tpeciea,  and  the  de'«riptian  of  Sapindut  marjinalui,  includ- 
ing that  of  tlie  wood,  was  largely  drawn  up  from  the  former,  which 
i*  figured  on  platea  Izxvi.  and  Izrvii.  of  thia  worlc. 

From  Sapindut  marginalut  the  trana-Miasisaippi  apecies  can  b« 
diatinguiahed  by  ita  wingleaa  rachia,  more  numerous  and  narrower 
la  eolate  leaflets,  which  vary  from  eight  to  nineteen  in  number 
and  are  pubeaeant  or  ultimately  glabrate  on  tho  lower  aurface ; 
by  its  rbombio-lanoeolate  unguioulate  petala  and  smaller  lierries, 


which  are  globose,  destitute  of  the  dorsal  kasl  which  distingnishM 
those  of  Sapindut  marjinalut,  and  in  drying  turn  black. 

The  range  of  Sapindut  Drummondi,  aa  laid  down  in  the  deaari|v 
tion  of  Sapindut  marginalut  in  Tolume  ii.,  can  now  be  extended 
northward  to  southwestern  Missouri,  where  this  tree  is  abundant  on 
the  Cowshed  River,  near  PineyTille,  McDonald  County,  and  on 
White  River  in  Barry  County,  and  to  central  Kansaa.  (See  Hitch- 
cook,  The  Induilrialitt,  zxiv.  387  IFlora  of  Kantat'].)  Sapindut 
Drummondi  waa  discovered  in  1810  by  Thomas  Nuttall  during  hi* 
journey  to  Arkansas. 
The  corrected  synonymy  of  Sapindxit  Drummondi  is,  — 
Sapindut  Drummondi,  Hooker  &  Amott,  Bot.  Toy.  Beeehey,  281 
(18387).  —  Walpera,  Rep.  i.  417.  —  Robinaon,  flroy  Syn.  Fl.  N. 
Am.  i.  pt.  i.  444.  —  Britton,  Man.  610. 


SILVA   OF  NORTH  AMKHICA. 


HAPINUACKA 


Btpindu*  marginntun  inhabiu  th«  coMt  of  Flurida  from  the  mouth  of  the  8t.  Juhn'e  River  and 
Cedar  Keys  iouthward.' 


SafMm  Stftouna,  lamj,  Aim.  Lf.  N.  Y.  li.  IT*  (Mt  Urn- 
MUX  INT) 

5afwu(<u  iMTfiMAM,  Tom/  *  On;,  fT  JV.  ^m.  i.  308  (is 
pkH)  (Mt  WUkUMii)  (IftaS)  I  /\w)Ac  H.  H  Htf.  U.  tlU  - 
Eaf*>nuuiB  *  Omj,  Jow.  Bot.  .toe.  Nl.  Hul.  *.  Ml  (/'(. 
Imdiuim.  i.).-Oni7,  Oot.  lU.  II.  Mi  (la  put),  I  INOi  J,mr. 
BuH.  Soc.  Sal.  Him.  tI.  IM  (Pi.  Ltndlmm.  II.)  i  Smilkmmum 
Ctolrii.  III.  »  (/>(.  WhflU.  i.).  -  EaitlmuB,  Wulumia  Mtmw 
^  •  Tour  Id  NorlAtrn  Main  (,StmUi  Dor.  IMM,  Hot.  Appi  ), 
M.  -  Turn/,  £iiiory'>  Hf.  IM;  4/<in-/'f  Hff.  tIBO  ;  /'•rt/f''  ft  K. 
Rtp.  Iv.  pt.  ?.  T4  i  Ax.  Ma.  Bound.  Swn.  47.  -  J.  M.  Hiplow, 
Paei^c  R.  R.  Rtf.  ir.  pt.  t.  S.  —  HcBtUjr,  Art.  AM.  Am.  CmU. 
i.  814  (is  pwt).  —  WatMis  /V«c.  Am.  Afd.  irii.  337.  -  8m> 


fMl,  fVmM  7>«w  N.  Am.  I<M  CmiM  (/.  .1.  It.  44  (la  put)  t 
SU-  S.  Am.  11.  71  (la  paH),  1. 78, 77.  -  liavafd,  Prte.  U.  S  Nil. 
Mh».  tUI.  aw.  -  Brittoa  *  Brawa,  lU.  n  U.  4M  (la  part),  (. 


•Imftidiu  aettmmalut,  Wataoa  *  Coullar,  (Imj/'t  Man.  »4.  8, 

U6  (ia  pitH)  (nut  IUAa««)aa)  (IMIO). 

'  Kaowladgt  of  Ih*  nag*  ol  Hapimlut  marfmalu;  which  la 
prohabljr  anr/whan  a  i%n  In*,  It  illll  uawllifaalorx.  It  U  aot 
aow  haowa  to  gnm  aorth  ul  tb*  aiiMlh  of  Iha  Hi.  Jaha'«  Hinr  la 
(lorlda,  althoMffc  It  wa*  oaM  baliand  la  UihaUt  lh«  wmwI  of  Mouth 
C'anliaa  aad  OMrgia,  whan  lb*  aldar  Itiabaui  U  Mid  to  ha?* 
dueonnd  Ihk  Ira*. 


EXPLANATION  OK  THE  PIJVTE. 

Plats  IX^XXIII.    Hapindui  MAitaiNATvi. 

1.  A  tlowering  branch,  nataral  «iu. 

2.  A  Howar-bud,  anUrgtd. 

3.  Vortical  Mation  of  a  flowar,  aoUrgaiL 

4.  An  outar  lapal,  anUrgad. 
6.  All  innar  aap*!,  anUrgad. 

6.  A  patal,  innar  faoa,  anUrgad. 

7.  A  (tauan,  anlargad. 

8.  A  platil,  anlargad. 

9.  A  fruiting  branch,  natural  lii*. 

10.  Vortical  wetion  of  a  fruit,  oatnnl  lita. 

11.  A  iaad,  natural  liia. 


HAi'lNUACKA 

lin'i  Kivar  uud 


a.  Ii.  44  (la  ftm)  I 
lid,  Pnc.  U.  S  Nm. 
U.  4Ua  (la  |WH),  I. 

,  Oraf'i  Halt.  »4.  t, 

mrftnalitt,  which  it 
mlmatotj,  II  la  aot 
HI.  Joha't  Hinr  la 
a  lh«  aiMuit  of  HoMth 
lui  I*  Mid  to  ha» 


-.,  'i-in 

i/-wmr 

'    A,,,,.), 

.„-i)i.-  11  H. 

M  Hip-low, 

';i»i  Am.  Cm! 

ii.  337.  —  S«r- 

''•4.  «A1'INDACE.K. 

Um'  mouth  of  the  St.  JohnH  River  and 


■•.I,  F'irai  TrttB  A'.  Am.   lOt*  Cmiut  f/.  S.  ij.  44  (in  part) ; 

..."!  .V.  Am.  ii.  71  (in  part),  t.  7«,  77.  —  H»T»nl,  Prof.  U.  S.  Nal. 

.Hum.  »iii.  aCW.  —  Britton  &  Hrtiwo,  ///.  H.,ii.  402  (in  part),  f. 

Hapindm  ucunutuiltw,  WaUoa  &  (  oxiuir,  fV'ray'i  Man.  ed.  6, 

Itti  (in  pan)  (m<(  lUftiimiiHo)  (ISHC) 

'  Kiiowleil|;«  of  Ike  range  of  Saiiindw  loarffmatut,  which  i« 
(iriibablj  oierYwhi-m  a  rare  tree,  i>  atill  iinaatiilactory.  It  is  not 
LOW  known  to  grow  north  of  the  mouth  of  th»  St.  John'i  Hirer  in 
Horida,  »lth(MiKli  it  waH  ouco  belieTcd  to  inhabit  thfl  ooaat  of  South 
Carolii'i  mid  (ieorgia,  whem  tJw  elder  Mifham  n  said  to  have 
diaootared  thia  tree. 


EXPLANATION   OK  IMK   PI.ATE. 

Platk  rX'XXni.     Smixws  WAKiit.NATna. 

1.  A  riiiwering  bnuurh,  natural  iiie. 

3.  A  flow«r-bud,  enlarged. 

3.  A'ertical  «ecl!un  of  a  Aower,  enUrf^. 

4.  An  outer  neitol,  eiilargod 

5.  An  innpr  aepal,  enlarged. 

6.  A  petal,  inner  {»c».  t<nl«rged. 

7.  A  Itameu,  enlarged. 
H,  A  pistil,  enUrgod. 

9.  A  fniitinj  'iniiirh,  natural  aica. 

10.  Vortiii.  i  fruit,  natural  aize. 

11.  A    «*»Ui,    ,„.iu,,»,    -liu. 


UAl-lNDACKJi. 
;.  Juhn'H  River  and 


i>  f/.  .V  ii.  44  (in  part) ; 
-  Haranl,  Pror.  U.  S.  Nat. 
'I.  Fl., ii.  402  (in  p«rt),  f. 

Mitor,  firan'i  Han.  ed.  0, 

iw  margmanu,  wUoh  it 

iinutiifactory.  It  is  not 
>(  th«  St.  John's  Hirer  in 
iithttUit  ihi^  eoMt  of  South 
Mietmut  »  laid  to  bava 


Silva  of  North   Amenca 


Tab.  DCXXIII 


'  A"  .^.J./YW    //t*t' 


SARIN  D  US    MAR.     MATUS    VAl'.d 


/f.„H 


,i  .'{uu:fttt4,r  ./v/«/* ' 


/nifi  ,  /  Tafifur  F^iru 


SAPIMDACSA 


8ILVA   OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


4>S 


ACER  SAOCHABUM,  var.  LEUOODEBME. 
Sugar  Uaple. 
Leaves  3  to  5-lobed,  yellow-green  and  pubescent  on  the  lower  surface. 


Acer  Saooharum,  var.  leuooderme. 

Acer  barbatum,  var.  Floridanum,  Sargent,  Silva  N.  Am. 

ii.  100  (in  part)  (1891). 
Acer  Floridanum,  var.  acuminatum,  Trelease,  Rep.  Mis- 

touH  Bot.  Qard.  v.  99,  t.  11  (not  Acer  acuminatum,  Wal- 

licb)  (1894). 


Acer  leuooderme,  Small,  BM.  Torrey  Bot.  Club,  xzii.  367 
(1895)  ;  zziv.  64.  —  Robinson,  Gray  Syn.  Fl.  N.  Am.  i. 
pt.  i.  440.— Mohr,  Contrib.  U.  S.  Nat.  Herb.  vi.  606 
(Plant  Life  of  Alabama). — Gattioger,  Fl.  Tennessee, 
116. 


A  tree,  usually  from  twenty  to  twenty-five  feet  in  height,  with  a  trunk  a  foot  in  diameter,  but 
occasionally  attaining  a  height  of  forty  feet  and  forming  a  trunk  eighteen  or  twenty  inches  in  diameter, 
and  with  a  rather  compact  round-topped  head  of  comparatively  short  and  slender  branches.  The 
bark  on  the  trunk  of  old  individuals,  particularly  near  the  ground,  is  dark  brown  or  often  nearly 
black,  and  broken  by  deep  furrows  into  narrow  ridges  covered  with  riosely  appressed  scales,  but  on 
younger  stems  '^.nd  on  the  large  branches  it  is  close  and  light  gray  or  grayish  brown.  The  branchlets 
are  slender  and  glabrous ;  dark  green  when  they  first  appear,  they  become  bright  red-brown  and 
lustrous  during  their  first  summer,  when  they  are  marked  by  numerous  small  oblong  pale  lenticels,  and, 
gradually  growing  darker  in  their  second  year,  finally  become  light  g^ay-brown.  The  winter-buds  are 
ovate,  acute,  dark  brown,  glabrous,  and  rarely  more  than  a  sixteenth  of  an  inch  in  length,  with  accrescent 
inner  scales  which  are  liright  crimson  and  very  conspicuous  when  the  trees  are  in  flower  in  early  spring. 
The  leaves  are  borne  ou  uiongated  slender  glabrous  petioles  and  vary  from  two  inches  to  three  inches 
and  a  half  in  diameter ;  they  are  usually  truncate  or  slightly  subcordate  at  the  base,  and  more  or  less 
deeply  divided  into  from  three  to  five  acute  lobes  which  are  caudate-acuminate  and  coarsely  and  sinuately 
dentiite  or  undulate ;  coated  below  as  they  unfold  with  long  matted  pale  caducous  hairs,  at  maturity  the 
leaves  are  thin,  dark  dull  green  above  and  bright  yellow-green  and  coated  below  Mrith  soft  close  velvety 
pubescence.  In  the  autumn  the  leaves  often  turn  bright  scarlet  on  the  upper  surface  before  falling. 
The  flowers  are  produced  on  slender  glabrous  pedicels,  and  are  glabrous  or  slightly  villose  and  rather 
smaller  than  those  of  the  northern  Sugar  Maple.  The  carpels  of  the  frui^;  are  villose  until  nearly 
grown,  with  long  scattered  pale  hairs,  but  are  glabrous  at  maturity ;  their  wings  are  wide-spreading 
or  divergent. 

Acer  Saccharum,  var.  leucoderme  inhabits  the  banks  of  streams  and  rocky  gorges,  and  is  distributed 
from  the  valley  of  the  Yadkin  River  in  Stanly  County,  North  Carolina,  to  northern  Georgia,  eastern 
Tennessee,  central  Alabama,  western  Louisiana,  and  southern  Arkansas.  It  was  long  confounded  with 
the  variety  Floridanum  of  the  Sugar  Maple,  from  which  it  chiefly  differs  in  the  yellow-green  lower 
surface  of  the  rather  thinner  leaves  and  in  their  less  prominent  secondary  lobes.' 


^  Acer  barbttlum  of  Michaux  wu  adopteil  in  the  second  volume 
of  this  work  as  the  uame  of  the  Sugar  Maple  and  its  varieties. 
Acer  harlialum,  however,  appears  to  have  been  based  originally  on 
two  species,  for  Michaux's  type  of  his  Acer  barbalum,  preserved 
at  the  Museum  d'Histoire  Naturelle,  in  Paris,  consists  of  flowering 
branches  of  the  Sugar  Maple,  a  branch  of  the  Ked  Maple  with 
leaves  only,  and  a  branch  with  fruit  of  the  Red  Maple  ;  and  tlie 
name,  tliorefore,  can  hardly  be  used  tor  the  Sugar  Maple.  The 
older  .-Ictr  Saccharum  of  Marshall  (A  rhust.  Ain.i)  has  rtceutly  been 


almost  universally  adopted  by  Araerioan  botanists  as  the  name  of 
the  Sugar  Maple,  and  a1>*-ough  the  identity  of  Marshall's  species  is 
certainly  open  to  doub  ,  md  the  name  is  not  distinct  enough  from 
that  of  tlie  Silver  Maplr,  lue  Acer  saccharinum  of  Linnieus,  to  really 
justify  its  use,  it  will  ^lerhaps  be  best,  for  the  sake  of  uniformity  of 
nomenclature,  to  adopt  Marshall's  name  rather  than  to  And  another 
for  the  Sugar  Maple.  If  this  view  i.s  adopted,  Acer  harhnlum,  Sar- 
gent, Silva  N.  .4m.  Ii.  97,  becomes  .icer  Sacchurum,  Marshall  ;  .1c(r 
barbalum,  var.  Floridanum,  Sargent,  becomes  Acer  Saccharum,  var. 


8 


SILVA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA, 


aAPINDACE.«. 


Acer  Saccharum,  var.  leucoderme  hut  been  planted,  with  other  forms  of  the  Sugar  Maple,  along 
the  streets  of  Rome,  Georgia,  where  there  are  now  many  large  and  handsome  specimens  of  this  tree. 


Ftoridanum,  StLTgent ;  uid  Acer  barhatum,  Tar.  grandidentatum,  S*r- 
gent,  becomes  Acer  Sanhantm,  ni,  grandidenlahim,  Sivgent. 

In  the  aeoond  volume  of  tbU  work  *  form  ot  the  Sugar  Maple 
with  aomewbat  ooriaoeoui  leaves  of  firm  taitura,  usually  ratber 
broader  tban  long,  pale  or  glaucous  and  pubeaoent  or  rarely  gla- 
brous below,  coidate,  witb  a  broad  open  sinus,  or  truncate  at  tbe 
base,  and  usually  three-lobed  witb  open  lound  sinuses  and  acumi- 
nata generally  nearly  entire  lobes,  was  confounded  witb  the  Black 
Sugar  Maple,  and  figures  l-ii  of  plate  ici.  of  this  work  represent 
tbis  form  and  not  the  Black  Maple.  The  synonymy  of  this  form  is 
as  follows :  — 

Aeer  SaccMarum,  var.  Rugelii,  Kchder,  Cfdopadia  Am.  Horl.  i. 
13  (1900). 

Acer  sacckarinum,  Schmidt,  Ottlr.  Bauim.  I.  12,  t.  8  (not  Lin- 
.BBUS  nor  Wangenheim)  (1792).  —  Elliott,  Sk.  i.  450. 
f  Acer  nigrum,  Elliott,  I,  c,  (not  Micbaux  f.)  (1817). 
Actr  saceluirinum,  var.  ^ucum,  Pax,  EngUr  Hot.  Jahrb.  vii.  242 
(in  part)  (1880). 

Acer  Rugtiii,  Pax,  /.  c.  243  (1886).  —  Scbwerin,  Garte>iflora, 
zlii.  4fi7. 

Actr  palmi/olium,  var.  nigrum,  Scbwerin,  I.  c,  456,  f .  OS,  No.  4 
(1893). 

Aetr  $accharinum,  subspec.  mcrharinum,  var.  ^aueum,  Wea- 
mael.  Bull.  Sac.  Bfi).  Bdg.  xiix.  01  (in  part)  (0«n.  Actr)  (1890). 
Acer  saccharinum,  subfpec.  Rugtiii,  Wesmael,  I.  c.  (1890). 
Acer  tacckarinum,  var.  nigrum,  Newhall,  Trees  o/N.  B.  Am. 
152  (in  part),  f.  76  (1890). 


Actr  barbatum,  var.  nigrum,  Sargent,  SUva  N.  Am.  ii.  99  (in 
part),  t.  91,  f.  1-3  (1891). 

Actr  Saceharum,  var.  barbatum,  Treleaae,  Rep.  Miuouri  Bol. 
(Jard.  V.  IM,  t.  6  (not  Aetr  barbatum,  Miohaui)  (18M).  —  Robin- 
son, Gray  Syn.  Fl.  N.  Am.  i.  pt.  i.  439.  —  Chapman,  /7.  ed.  3,  87. 
Tbis  Ij  the  common  and  frequently  tbe  only  form  of  the  Sugar 
Maple  in  tbe  region  from  North  Carolina  and  Oeorgia  to  Missouri, 
aud  although  rare  at  the  north,  trees  with  leaves  like  those  of  Ihe 
southern  tree  occur  as  far  north  as  Michigan  and  Prince  Edward's 
Island,  and,  as  Professor  Beal  has  pointed  out,  such  leaves  some- 
times appear  on  the  upper  branches  of  trees  which  bear  on  their 
lower  branches  tbe  typical  leaves  of  the  northern  Sugar  Maple. 
(See  Rep.  Sec.  State  Board  Agric.  Michigan,  xxxiii.  148  IThe Sugar 
Maple  of  Central  Michigan'].) 

On  tbe  one  band,  therefore,  Acer  Saccharum,  var.  Rugelii,  passu 
into  tbe  northern  Acer  Saecharumi  and  on  the  other  some  of  its 
forms  seem  to  pass  into  tbe  variety  Floridanum,  which  replaces  it 
from  northern  Florida  to  eastern  Texas,  and  which  in  its  turn 
passes  through  western  Texas  into  tbe  variety  grandidenlatimi  of  the 
Rocky  Mountain  region. 

Acer  Saccharum,  var.  Rugelii,  is  the  form  which  is  usually  culti- 
vated in  the  southern  states,  and  splendid  specimens  growing  in 
tbe  streets  and  gardens  of  Huntiville,  Alabama,  and  othor  cities 
and  towns  of  the  southern  I'iedmont  region  show  that  tbis  is  one 
of  the  moat  beautiful  of  all  Maple-trees,  particuUrly  in  autumn, 
when  the  leaves  assume  the  most  brilliant  tints  of  scarlet  aud 
orange. 


EXPLANATION  OF  THE   PLATE. 

Plate  DCXXIV.    Ackr  .Saccharum,  var.  lkucodermb. 

1.  A  flowering  branch,  nntural  site. 

2.  A  staminate  flower,  enlarged. 

3.  Vertical  section  of  a  staniinate  flower,  enlarged. 

4.  A  pistillate  flower,  enlarKvd. 

Ti.  Vertical  section  of  a  pistillate  flower,  enlarged. 

6.  A  fruiting  branch,  natural  size. 

7.  A  fruit,  natural  size. 

8.  Cross  section  of  a  see<l,  enlarged. 

9.  An  embryo,  enUrt^. 


. 


SAPINDACK^ 


gar  Maple,  along 
}  of  this  tree. 

ilva  N,  Am,  ii.  99  (in 

w.  Rep.  Miuouri  Bat. 
lax)  (18M).  —  Robin- 
!hapn»n,  Fl.  ad.  3,  87. 
ily  form  of  the  Sugmr 
i  Georgia  to  Miaaouri, 
ive*  like  thoee  of  Ihe 
and  Prince  Kdward's 
lut,  auch  leaTea  aome- 
I  which  bear  on  their 
irthern  Sugar  Maple. 
ixxiii.  148  [The Sugar 

m,  var.  Rugelii,  paaaea 
the  other  aome  of  its 
luni,  which  replaoea  it 
nd  which  in  its  tnm 
grandidentatwn  of  the 

rhich  ia  uanallj  culti- 
ipecimena  growing  in 
lama,  and  othor  citiea 
show  that  this  is  one 
krticuUrljr  in  autumn, 
tints  of  Bcarlet  and 


¥"■ 


^t^MJ^^ 


1ii*sfe- 


AMKHKA 


SAPlNDACEiC 


.<"':  )itftnt4Ni,  with  (itk^y  fonuM  of  the  Sii^ir  Maple,  iiloii^ 
'.^•w  DuinT  birgv  »tiii  liandgoine  RpefiniouH  of  this  tree. 


1  t  H  ! 


,1.  .  -,;li  -Jit.  KW-i. 
>•.>«><  "'  tliu  t'ina  It 

,-i  ■,.    •  ■.    Ihn  I. 

i  .  ^     >    li,  t  «  (m*  U». 
-.ii.  ».  •.4M. 

.►>    .  iW««)    -    .Vhw»r-  ,/'.;,i. 

,!■—>.  !i«h»cnn,  «'■   Na  4 

;:i    fl  ( IB  ()«rt)  ( '  r>i    .I(Wr)   (11)00). 

,     N'««h!ili    /— .     '  V.  H.  Am. 


AiT'  «ar<«iniM,  tar.  nigrum,  t'«rfriit,  Silta  N,  Am.  ii.  90  (in 

|«r<t.  t.  Ill,  r   1-3  (ISUl). 

4r»r   ^nirt^lkanjm,  tv.  harhatum,  TrvlrMA,  /^r/i.  A/ujiaMri   /^f. 

rtVwri  r  M,  t.  U  (not  Aetr  harialam,  M    liaui)  (IHM).  —  Kuliin- 

M*,  f;nir  .tyn.  Tf.  iV.  /4iii.  i.  pt.  i.  «W.  —  Ch«|iiii«ii,  A7.  a<l.  a,  87. 

Tliia  lA  thr  common  and  frvijiiently  the  onljr  form  of  the  Siifpir 
Hapk  ID  the  rei^ion  fnini  North  ('Hiuliua  ind  (fvorffia  to  Mtwouri, 
Atnl  althungh  raro  at  the  iKirtli,  tn^ei  with  leaven  like  thime  of  the 
*-Mitherii  tree  m-^Mir  aa  far  north  aa  Miohi^n  am)  PriiuTc  tMward'* 
laUiiil,  and,  aa  rnifeuor  Keal  hat  pointed  out,  auoh  learet  lonie- 
tunee  app«ar  on  tlit*  up|>er  hranvhes  i>f  tm<*a  whirh  bear  on  their 
liiwer  hranrh^H  the  tvpiral  leave*  of  the  northern  Sugar  Mnple. 
t8ee  Hr]}.  Str.  Stiitf  Ii<tarfi  A gnf  yfiihtifart,  iniii.  148  {^Th^ Sitffar 
Xfapie  of  CfnJnit  ^fit•fittfnn]. ) 

(.>n  the  one  hand,  therefore,  Acer  SnccKitnim.  var.  HuffFlii,  pamea 
into  tbA  northeni  Acer  .SrnrAarum,  aud  on  the  other  Kiine  of  ita 
f,}rnt<>  teem  to  paaa  into  the  v&rietj  Ftondtvtttm,  wbii'h  replncen  it 
from  Dorthern  FlnriiU  to  eastern  Teiaa,  and  which  in  ita  tnm 
pas»ea  ihrouf^h  western  Texas  into  the  variety  ifranduttntatwn  of  the 
Hot'ky  Mountain  region. 

Acer  Sticr^arum,  var.  Hugtiii,  i^  the  form  which  is  uHuaUy  oulti- 
vated  in  the  southern  states,  and  splendid  specimens  ^rowiiifr  tu 
the  streets  and  K^'^^^'ns  of  lltintsviUe,  Aluliama,  and  other  cities 
and  towns  of  the  Koulh,;ru  Piedmont  re((ion  show  that  tliis  i*t  one 
of  tbi  most  beantiful  of  all  Maple-tr««A.  |>artieularly  in  autumn, 
when  tUp  Uaves  Muunie  the  moat  brilliaot  tints  of  scarlet  and 
onuig^e 


rXI'LANATION  OK  THE   PLATE. 

PuaTH   IXX.XrV.     AcKR  Sauhari'H.  var.   i,ciTi'iii:r.KMl 
I    \  (towering  branch,  n»iur»l  »i». 
Z-    K  staininati'  Howrr,  cnlar);«l 

V«ni<'»I  soctioii  of  a  stAininatn  (lower,  enlar^rod. 
i    A  |>irilillat<^  Hower,  enlarf<tMl. 

N'ertical  section  of  a  pietillau*  Hower,  enlarged. 
<     A  {railing  braneli.  natural  sir.e. 
7    A  (niit,  luUarnI  site. 
M    C'roH  saction  of  a  sen),  euUrfUvH. 
9    .4i>  embryo.  enUrj^ed. 


ft 


SAI'INDACKA 


Silva  of  North   America 


Tab.  DC XXIV 


Sii^ur  Maple,  uloiig 
3118  of  this  tree. 

,SUpaN.  Am.  ii.  90  (in 

Imu«,  Hep.  Miuouri  Boi. 

Uui)  (1H94).  ~<  Kobin- 
-ChAfjiiuii.  hi.  ed.  ;».  87. 

niilj  form  of  tht'  Snjfuf 
mik)  Gonrf^ift  to  Minsouri, 

l«Avei(  like  lluine  of  the 
^M  ftiid  Prince  Kdward'i 
il  uMt,  DUt'h  IfiivAS  tomft- 
'nra  which  bear  on  thvir 

northern  Su^ar  Mnple. 
n,  uxiii.  148  [ThiSutfar 

>ruM,  Vftr.  Hufjrlii,  passes 
n  the  other  Home  of  its 
iouum,  wbtt-h  replnues  it 
,  and  vhich  in  itn  tnm 
<iy  f/mnduitntatutn  uf  the 

n  wbieh  is  nMnally  culti- 
d  Kpecioiens  gruwing  iti 
lubama,  and  other  cities 
m  show  that  litis  i«  one 
particulurly  in  autumn, 
Lol  tints  uf  scarlet  aud 


C  E  F(hc<'n  d&/. 


D.  ^/ocriufn 


ACER    SACCHARUMvar  leucoderme  SarS, 

o 


A  Hwc^t-iuv   Jirfxr' 


Imp.J.  Tunfur  ."a. 


tIAFIMUAC&iK. 


8ILVA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


ACER  NIGRUM. 
Black  Maple. 

Leaves  3  to  5-lobed,  deeply  cordate,  the  basal  sinus  often  closed,  pubescent  below, 
stipulate.     Branchlcts  light  orange-colored. 


Ao«r  nigrum,  Michaaz,  f.  UUt.  Arb.  Am.  ii.  238,  t.  16 
(1812).  —  Purth,  Fl.  Am.  Sept.  i.  266.  —  Poiret,  La- 
marck Diet.  Suppl.  V.  669.  —  NutUll,  Gen.  i.  253.  —  De 
CandoUe,  Prodr.  i.  596.  —  Sprengel,  Sytt.  ii.  225.  —  Don, 
Gen.  Sytt.  i.  650.  — Spacli,  Hiit.  Vig.  iii.  104;  Ann.  Sei. 
Nat.  lit.  2,  ii.  170.  —  Dietrich,  Sy>i.  ii.  1282.  —C.  Ko«h, 
Dendr.  i.  632.  —  Bailey,  Popular  Gardening,  iii.  24  j  Bot. 
Gatette,  liii.  213.  —  Koehne,  Deutsehe  Dendr.  382.  — 
Britton  &  Brown,  lU.  Fl.  ii.  398,  f.  2.376. 

Aoer  saooharinum,  fi  nigrum,  Torrey  &  Qray,  f%.  N. 
Am.  i.  248  (1838).  —  Gray,  Man.  80.  —  Torrey,  Fl.  N.  Y. 
i.  136.  —  London,  Arb.  Brit.  i.  411.  —  Hargent,  Forest 
Trees  N.  Am.  10th  Censxu  V.  S.  ix.  49.  —  Wataon  & 
Coulter,  Gray's  Man.  ed.  6, 117.  —  Dippel,  Handh.  Laub- 
hoUk.  ii.  439,  f.  206. 


Aoer  saooharinum,  var.  glauoum,  Paz,  Enyler  Bot.  Jahrb. 

vii.  242  (in  part)   (1886).  —  We«mael,  BttU.  Soe.  Bot. 

Belij.  xiix.  61  (Gen.  Acer)  (in  part). 
Aoer  Sacoharum,  var.  nigrum,  Britton,  Trans,  y.  Y.  Acatl. 

Sci.  ix.  9   (1889).  —  Trelea»e,  Hep.  Missouri  Bot.  Oard. 

y.  96,  t.  7.  —  Robinaon,  Gray  Syn.  Fl.  N.  Am.  i.  pt.  i. 

439. 
Aoer  barbatimi,  var.  nigrum,  iiargent.  Garden  and  Forest, 

iv.  148  (1891)  ;  Silua  N.  Am.  ii.  99  (in  part).  —  Beal, 

Jiep.  State  Board  Agric.  Michigan,  xxxiii.  148,  t.  1,  {. 

8-10,  t  2,  f.  4-6,  i.  Ii  (The  Sugar  Maple  of  Central 

Michigan). 
Aoer  palmifolium,  var.  oonoolor,  Schwerin,  Qartenflora, 

xlii.  467,  f.  6,  7  (1893). 


The  Black  Maple  is  a  tree,  sometimes  eighty  feet  in  height,  with  a  trunk  frequently  three  feet  in 
diameter,  and  stout  spreading  or  often  erect  branches.  The  bark  of  young  trees  is  close,  smooth,  and 
generally  rather  lighter  colored  than  that  of  the  Sugar  Maple  of  the  same  age,  but  on  old  trunks  it  becomes 
deeply  furrowed  and  often  nearly  black.  The  branchlets  are  stout,  marked  by  oblong  pale  lenticels, 
and  when  they  first  appear  are  orange-green  in  color  and  pilose,  with  scattered  pale  caducous  hairs ; 
during  their  first  year  they  are  orange  or  orange-brown  and  lustrous,  and  in  the  following  season  become 
pale  gray-brown  and  lose  their  lustre.'  The  winter-buds  are  sessile,  ovate,  acute,  and  an  eighth  of  an  inch 
long  or  less,  with  dark  red-brown  scales  coated  on  the  outer  surface  with  hoary  pubescence  and  often 
slightly  eiliate  on  the  margins.  The  leaves  are  cordate,  with  a  broad  basal  sinus  usually  more  or  less 
closed  by  the  approximation  or  imbrication  of  the  basal  lobes,  generally  three  or  occasionally  five-Iobed 
with  acute  or  acuminate  lobes  undulately  narrowed  from  broad  shallow  sinuses  or  raiely  furnished  with 
short  spreading  lateral  lobes ;  when  they  unfold  they  are  coated  below  with  thick  hoary  tomentum  and 
clothed  above  with  caducous  pale  hairs,  and  at  maturity  they  are  thick  and  firm  in  texture,  dull  green 
on  the  upper  surface,  yellow-green  and  soft-pubescent  particularly  along  the  yellow  veins  on  the  lower 
surface,  and  five  or  six  inches  across,  with  drooping  sides ;  they  are  often  conspicuously  pendant,  and 
are  borne  on  stout  tomeatose  or  pubescent  sometimes  ultimately  glabrous  petioles  from  three  to  five 
inches  long,  much  dilated  at  the  base  and  frequently  nearly  inclosing  the  buds,  and  in  falling  leave 
narrow  scars  which  almost  encircle  the  branchlet,  and  are  furnished  in  their  axils  with  tufts  of  long  pale 
hairs.  The  stipules  are  triangular  and  dentate  or  foliaceous,  sessile  or  stipitate,  oblong,  acute,  tomentose 
or  pubescent,  sometimes  slightly  lobed,  and  frequently  an  inch  and  a  half  in  length.''     In  the  autumn 


■  The  Blank  Maple  differs  from  the  other  forms  of  the  Sugar 
Maple  in  the  light  orange.brown  color  of  the  young  branchlets, 
thoHC  of  all  the  ^others  being  bright  red-brown  and  very  lustrous, 
in  the  presence  of  stipules  and  in  important  leaf  characters ;  and  as 
these  appear  constant  throughout  the  region  occupied  by  this  tree 


it  can  perhaps  best  be  separated  from  the  other  members  of  the 
Sugar  Maple  group  and  treated  as  a  species. 

«  Gray,  Am.  Nat.  ri.  767;  vii.  422.  —  Sargent,  Oarden  and  For- 
e$t,  iv.  148,  f.  27. 

On  the  fertile  branches  found  in  herbaria  the  stipules  are  not 


10 


8ILVA   OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


■APlNUACBift 


the  Imvm  turn  a  dull  yellow-brown  color  and  fall  rather  earlier  than  thoee  of  the  Sugar  Maple.  The 
flowers  are  produced  in  many-flowered  nearly  sewile  umbel-like  corymbs,  the  aterile  and  fertile  flowen 
in  neparate  or  in  the  name  flusteni  on  the  lame  or  on  different  trees ;  they  appear  with  the  leave*  and  are 
ffreenish  yellow,  and  droop  on  iilendt>r  thread-like  hairy  pedicels  from  two  and  a  half  to  three  inches  in 
length.  The  calyx  is  broadly  cam|ianulut«,  flve-lobed  by  the  |>artial  union  of  the  sepals  and  pilose  on 
the  outer  surface  toward  the  base.  There  are  seven  or  eight  stamens  with  slender  gUbrous  filaments 
which  in  the  sterile  flower  are  nearly  twice  hh  long  as  the  calyx,  and  in  the  fertile  flower  are  shorter 
than  the  calyx.  The  ovary,  which  is  minute  in  the  sterile  flower,  is  obtusely  lol)ed,  pale  green,  and 
covered  with  long  scattereil  hairs.  The  fruit  is  gUbrous,  with  wings  varying  from  one  half  of  an  inch 
to  an  inch  in  length,  and  convergent  or  wide-Hpreading. 

Actr  nigrum  \s  distributed  from  the  valley  of  the  St.  Lawrence  River  in  the  neighborhood  of 
Montreal '  southward  to  the  valley  of  Cold  River,  New  Hampshire,'  and  through  western  Vermont,"  and 
westward  through  northern  New  York,  Ontario,*  the  southern  {leninsuki  of  Michigan,  Indiana,  Illinois, 
and  Iowa,  to  northeastern  South  Dakota,"  western  Missiiuri,'  and  eastern  Kansas,'  and  southward  through 
western  New  York  and  Pennsylvania  to  southwestern  Virginia' and  Kentucky.  Comparatively  rare 
near  Montreal  and  in  Vermont,  the  Black  Maple  becomes  more  abundant  farther  west,  and,  growing  with 
the  Sugar  Maple,  it  can  be  distinguishetl  at  a  glance  from  thut  tree  in  summer  by  its  heavy  drooping 
leaves,  which  make  it  a  conspicuous  object  in  the  forest  or  by  the  roadside,  and  at  all  seasons  nf  the 
year  by  the  color  of  its  young  branches.  In  Iowa  it  almost  entirely  replaces  Acer  Saccharutn,  and 
it  is  the  only  Sugar  Maple  of  South  Dakota. 

The  Black  Maple  was  first  distinguished  by  the  younger  Michaux.  It  is  often  cultivated  as  a  shade 
tree,  particularly  in  those  parts  of  the  country  where  it  grows  spontaneously. 


almiji  preicnt,  but  ihtj  often  ooeur  on  nicb  bnuichM,  tnd  ibrj 
can  alwajt  be  found  on  vigonxu  ibooti  m  f tr  u  I  bare  been  able 
tu  examine  them  on  botb  cultirated  and  wild  tree*. 

>  Acer  niijrvm  wu  collected  by  Mr.  J.  U.  Jack  in  Augiut,  180S, 
at  Kockfield,  Quebec. 

■  Actr  nigrum  wa<  collected  bj  Mr.  M.  L.  Kemald  in  the  alln- 
Tium  of  Cold  Rirer,  in  Cheihire  Countj,  New  Hampthire.  (See 
Khodora,  iii.  234.) 

*  Acrr  nigrum  wai  collected  bjr  Mr.  Kira  Brainerd  in  Middle- 
burr,  Vermont,  in  1879,  and  bjr  Miu  M.  A.  Day  at  Mancbeiter, 
Vermont,  on  June  '^i,  IHOH.  The  younger  Michaux  ipealu  of 
having  noticed  the  lllack  staple  at  Wind>or,  Vermont,  on  the  Con- 
necticut Kirer,  but  I  have  leen  no  apeeimeni  from  the  eaateni  part 
of  the  (Ute. 

•  See  Maooun,  Cat.  Can.  PI.  i.  90. 


'  In  South  Dakota  Acrr  nigrum  growl  in  Rrbert*  County,  where 
it  ia  abundant  in  deep  ravine*  along  the  imall  itreama  which  form 
the  Little  Minneuita.  (See  U.  II.  Saundera,  Hull.  U4,  Simlh  IkiHola 
Agrie.  Colltgt,  100  [Ferns  and  Floutring  PlanU  of  South  l>aknla'\.) 
In  the  lecond  volume  of  thii  work  the  range  of  the  Sugar  Slaple  wai 
probablj  incorrectly  extended  to  eaateni  Nebraika.  Later  obeer- 
vation  indicate!  that  the  Sugar  Maplei  of  that  itate  have  been 
planted  lince  the  nettleraent  of  the  region  by  white  men,  and  that 
thii  tree,  although  reaching  South  Dakota  and  Kaniaa,  ii  not  a 
native  of  Nebraska.  (See  lieuey,  Rrp.  Ntbrailca  Stale  Board 
Agrie.  1890,  80  [The  Fareelt  and  Foretl  Treet  of  Nehratla].) 

'  Near  Independence,  Miwiuri,  1H04,  Ii.  K.  Uuab  (No.  130). 

'  Ijawrence,  Kanau,  J.  II.  Camith,  IHM. 

'  FalU  of  the  lloUton,  Smythe  County,  Virginia,  John  K.  Small, 
July,  1892.     Alleghany  Springs,  C.  Muhr,  August  lU,  1808. 


EXPLANATION   OF  THE   PLATE. 


Plate  IK'XXV.     Ackr  n'I(iku.m. 

1.  A  Huwering  branch,  natural  sim. 

~.  A  staminate  flower,  enlarged, 

3.  A  pistillate  flower,  eiilargml. 

4.  A  fruiting  branch,  natural  size. 
r>.  A  fruit,  natural  size. 

C.  A  fruit,  natural  size. 

7.  A  wiiitrr  lirancblet,  natural  size. 


it 


BAPINUAC&S. 


igar  Maple.  The 
ind  fertile  flowen 
the  leaves  and  are 
to  three  inchea  in 
i]»  and  piluie  on 
(labruiu  ftlamentt 
Hower  are  iihorter 
1,  pale  green,  and 
ne  half  of  an  inch 

neighborhood  of 
)rn  Vermont,^  and 
,  Indiana,  Ulinoig, 
outhward  through 
Jomparatively  rare 
and,  growing  with 
ts  heavy  drooping 
all  Heagons  of  the 
r  Saccharum,  and 

Itivated  lu  u  shadu 


I  Rrbertt  County,  whtre 
nail  ttraanit  which  form 
ri,  Hull.  i»,  Simth  Ikikola 
'tanli  ofSoulk  l>ak'>(a].) 
I  of  th«  Sugmr  Kiapl*  wu 
Nebnuk*.  Lstsr  olwcr- 
of  that  state  have  been 

by  white  men,  aiHl  that 
ta  and  Kanaaii,  it  not  a 
.  Nebnuka  Slate  Board 
«M  of  Nebratka]) 
.  F.  Biuh  (No.  130). 
I. 
VIripnia,  John  K.  Small, 

Augutt  10,  1808. 


% 


ACER 


■l. 


10 


.'•UIU   AMERlf'A. 


IUriNtiACK.« 


flta'  -lar 


k4   (x  •    rxihfr  Mrlior  than  tboM  of  th<>  Su^r  Mn|il(>.     Tlif 

amtj  X  '•«il'    iimticl-lik«  nirymlM,  th«  »ivr\\v  ami  firlili*  Howvm 

:tk*  (MM  iir  oil  iliffcrwiit  tnm;  tb«y  •fiMitr  with  Uif  U-avtw  and  •»• 

•.'^  ihrwutliki'  hiiiry  pedirala  fnini  twit  hikI  ■  lulf  to  tlin<*  imiii'ii  in 

'•.  ;<.<ul«t*-,  KviK-loltnl  by  the  jHirliMl  uiik'Ii  uf  tb«  wpalit  itml  |iiIum<  on 

I'dcre  Hr«'  M'vrii  or  •■■({lit  itUtiii'iiii  with  alnKiar  gUbnuiH  tilnniPiita 

.<.ri\  twK-e  »•  l<Hig  M  lh«  calyx,  ami  iu  the  f«rtil«'  How»>r  are  iihurtnr 

.  I>  i>  iiiiiniir  III  th«  ttorila  flowar,  U  obtintfly  IoImmI,  |niIi*  (;rr>4'ii,  iind 

. .    >      Th**  fruit  w  ({labniua,  with  wingi  vnryinK  Irmh  ontt  huli'  of  an  iiicli 

»>r>rKi<nt  or  wwla  ■praading- 

rniiiiiiMl  fniiii  tlw  viillry  of  thi-  St.  Fjiwreiir*"   Itiver  in  thi-  iu'i(;hJM<rh<M)(l  of 

Si>  viklUjr  of  Oiilil  Kivtir,  Nt<w  }(uiii|iHhirt>,''  iiml  throii){h  w<-Ht«>rn  Vcrmonl.'  iiiul 

.'t.^ni  Nfw  York,  <Hit<trio,*  thtt  Miiithvm  |H-iiiiiknla  of  Mi(lii){iin,  Iiiiiiaiwi,  Illinoi«, 

.  >  11.  Siuth  Dakou,'  w«i4ani  Miwtoiiri.'  anil  oiDiU^rii  Khiiixih,'  hdiI  xoiitliwanl  lliroii^h 

scjwrwi   >e*        "k   *iA   lVnii»>lvi»iiM   t<'   ■<<iutbwfiit«>ni  Vir^jiiiia'  aiitl    Kontiicky.     Conipariitivi'lv  rari' 

..  :•>  tf.t.rfiM'  ifi-l  Id  Vennont.  tlic  Mla<'k  M4|ilt*  Ihn-oiiu'ii  niori>  ntiuiiiijtnt  furtlii'i  wi-itt,  iiiul,  ^rowiii^  with 

.>.  It  Mn  li«  ibHtiii^iiialtwl  at  a  )(Uoo«  fnim  that  trtw  in  tuminer  by  iti  heavy  drooping 

>'  itr*<   imhT  )t  a  conHpt<'ii<»>«  oltjM^  in  thi-  fon-nt  or  liy  the  roailnidf.  itiid  ul   nil  wMiaoiiH  of  th** 

...    ..u.»^  „f  ii«  voiuij}   l>riinli»».     Ill   luwu  it  iiiiiiiisi  iTitirely  n'^lavf*  Actr  Siiirli'truin,  and 

.    Maple  uf  S.iith  Ihikota. 

t)^  iMta-Ji  Maf»la  waa  ftrat  -iiatuiguitliMl  hy  tht>  younger  Miihniix.     It  in  o(tM\  cultivutud  ua  a  »ha<l«- 

V9t,  iM^mruWrr  »  iknm  pwt*  of  the  country  whiit-  it  ^rows  K|Miiit.iiKM)uiily. 


t—, 


'    t 
buff,  t  •»»< 

iMTiag  ■»<■ 
■miwi  K 


»t  oti  mmS  bfknrh**,  «imI  Ihrf 
I  as  (tr  H  I  tMktc  lawn  ikU 
w  IMii  «ailii«lMi  M«k  viki  traoi 
..•     ..iWuJ  i>  M      I   il   Jiuk  in  AiiKiut,  IHOkl, 

'«r,  m  rkr«kli«  ( «waf,  Nrw  lUnipatum      (Sw 

•■UmM  kr  Mr  Kan  Hrmin>r<i  iu  Mid<ll«- 

'.  ut'l  tn   Mi«  M    A    l>ir  •!   M*iirli»l<*r, 

IMtM         tv      i,nlhf(,T     Uirluiltl     ftfw-rikll    uf 

H  Mai.i-         *  hhUt,  V»niioiil,  oil  !   •■  Cuii- 
'   ■   *,'riL  >       .«-<Mruf*ut  frum  Um  WMt«m  p«K 


*  111  Smth  llnkittA  t'vr  mynini  yrowi  in  Rntwrtji  Cimiitf,  whsrr 
It  It  kIjuimUiiI  iu  ilf^:p  rmtiutiR  nUmff  tb«  Miiftlt  »trr*ni«  winuli  form 
tliv  l.iUlv  Miiiiir>u:k.  (Mm  I)  11  SauniUn,  Hui!  ill,.S'<-iiM /ialo(>i 
Atfn^-  (\HUgf,  I'Vi  ^  /-Vnw  aiw/  HiMprnn^  IHai^i  ul  SttulK  lUiknta].) 
Ill  th*  Mconrt  vidmnn  ul  thia  nork  tb<  miik'e  of  thv  Su|[itr  Mapla  wm 
probably  incnrrfctlj'  att«ii<liHl  to  ranteni  Nelinuka.  l^ter  ubacr 
vatina  imliaatca  tliat  Iha  .Huipu'  MaplM  uf  thtt  (tale  hava  baaa 
plant*))  ninoa  th*  Htllaiurnt  uf  ilir  r«Kiun  hr  white  ineii,  am)  that 
thia  tr*«,  altiKMigh  r»ac)iin|{  Suutb  Uitkuta  ami  K:inaiu.  ia  nut  a 
natiTK  (if  NVbruka.  (Soa  IWa«»y,  Ktp.  Sthriuta  Slaf  Roani 
A,/n,-.  IMH),  Wl  [Tkr  Farttlt  <tvl  ForttI  Tnti  of  Srhratla].) 

■  NVai  Imlf-iMifHlrnM'.  .Miiuunri.  IKtft.  II.  K.  Iliub  (No.  1.10). 
'   I.MwrMirt',  Kautat,  .1    II   Carntth,  1H|>| 

■  I- alia  of  1|m>  llolslon,  huiTtha  Cmiitr,  Vir)Cini«,  .luhii  K.  Small, 
.lulr,  IM)-.'.     AMckIiuit  ^priup,  V  Mubr,  AiiKUit  IU,  IMUrt, 


K.\»'!  ANAIKiN    <>K    lUK    I'l.ATE. 

I'l.Air    IM    .\XV         .\<  KH    Mi.HllM. 

1.  A  lliiveriiiK  bratirh,  natural  aiu. 

2  A  •tiuninata  tliiwiir,  riiUrijFil. 

3.  A  pinlillalt  Huwrr,  enlarKwI. 

4.  A  {ruiiini;  luanch,  iiatuntl  nixo 
ti  A  fruit,  natural  aizv. 

0.  A  fruit,  natural  titc. 

T     A  winter  liranrhlet.  natural  niia 


IUPINUACIE.K 

,h<'  Su^ar  MmiU'  Tht» 
t«<rilt'  anil  fertile  Howom 
with  Uiv  It-avtNi  ami  nw 
half  to  lUri-f  imlu'it  in 
tif  !M>|»iln  liiul  |»il<)M»  on 
ii<l<T  KlahriiiiH  tilatnxiitii 
•rtil«'  HowtT  iirt'  Hhortwr 
I  IoIimI,  |wili'  j!;Tffn,  iiiul 
niOi  uiit)  hulf  of  •■)  inch 

in  tho  H«i>;hh<>rhoo(l  of 
I  w«'HU'rn  Vi-rmont,'  iiiid 
hi)(»n,  inilmiut,  Illin<>i«, 
imtl  noulhwanl  llirongh 
ky.  tJutiiparutively  rnrt) 
WMt,  anil,  urowiiin  with 
T  by  it8  heavy  ilroiiping: 
il  ut  all  MMiAOim  of  till- 
■»  Acer  Siurharuvi,  and 

l.n  tiiUiMitfil  III*  UHhu'li- 


Krowi  111  Koli"t»  C<"iiil.r,  wl»ni 
UK  tb«  mnall  •ti«ani<  which  (uriii 
.  ShuihUm,  Hull  tH,  SiHsik  /inlo/ii 
iKwmy  /Va"/«  n/ Suulh  Ikihilal) 
ihe  taiiBe  iil  lh»  Su(t«r  M»|'le  WM 
rnatern  Nelinuka  I^tor  iiWr 
MhjiIm  of  th»t  lUlf  liavo  Ixii'ii 
r  MKi""  ''7  "liite  miMi,  aiitl  tlmt 
lb  DukuU  Mill  K.iiKiu.  M  nut  • 
irf,  Hri>.  .\ehnubl  Stale  Rinvl 
FiirttI  Tna  of  .VrVojiu].') 
,  \m\,  \\.  F,  llu»h  (No  1.10). 
null,  IHUI 

r.iuiitf,  Virginia,  .lohn  K.  Small, 
C.  Mdhr,  Aiiguat  10,  IHW. 


T»b  .  DCXXV 


£'"i.//r'fn4^v  . 


Irip  .  '  I'anfur,  f'aru 


'I    i 


j  \ 


8APINDACEA 


8ILVA   OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


11 


ACER  RUBRUM,  var.  TRIDENS. 
Red  Maple. 
Leaves  3-lobed  at  the  apex,  usually  rounded  at  the  base. 


Acer  rubrum,  var.  tridens,  Wood,  CUm  Book,  286  (1860); 

Am.  Bot.  and  FUyr.  pt.  iv.  74  ;  M.  Atlant.  74. 
Acer    rubrum,  /3  Torrey  &  Gray,  Fl.  N.  Am.  i.  249 

(1838). 
Acer  miorophyUum,  Pax,  Engler  Bot.  Jahrb.  vU.  180 

(1886). 
Acer  semiorbloulatum.  Pax,  Engler  Bot.  Jahrb.  vii.  181 

(1886). 
Aoer  rubrum,  suUpec.  semiorbioulatum,  Woimael,  BiM, 


Soc.  Bot.  Belg.  xxix.  29  {Oen.  Acer)  (1890).  —  Sohwerin, 
Oartenflora,  lUi.  166,  f.  38,  No.  4. 

Aoer  rubrum,  gabspec.  miorophyUum,  Wesmael,  BuU. 
Soc.  Bot.  Belg.  xxix.  29  (Gen.  Acer)  (1890).  — Sohwerin, 
Oartenflora,  xlii.  167. 

Aoer  rubrum.  Chapman,  J!?.  81  (in  part)  (I860).  — Sar- 
gent, SUva  N.  Am.  ii.  107  (in  part).  —  Robinson,  Chray 
Syn.  Fl.  i.  pt.  i.  437  (in  part). 


In  the  coast  region  of  the  south  Atlantic  and  Gulf  states  the  leaves  of  the  Red  Maple  differ  so 
much  and  often  so  constantly  from  those  which  are  usually  produced  by  this  tree  at  the  north,  and 
which  are  figured  on  plat€  xciv.  of  this  work,  that  a  supplementary  plate  now  seems  necessary  properly 
to  illustrate  this  variable  species. 

On  the  southern  tree,  which  is  generally  smaller  than  the  northern  Red  Maple,  the  leaves  are 
normally  obovate,  usually  narrowed  from  above  the  middle  to  the  rounded  or  rarely  cuneate  base,  three- 
lobed  at  the  apex  with  acute  or  acuminate  lobes  which  are  simple  or  furnished  with  short  lateral 
secondary  lobes ;  they  are  remotely  serrate  except  toward  the  base,  with  incurved  glandular  teeth,  and 
are  often  ovate  by  the  suppression  of  the  lateral  lobes  and  acute ;  they  are  thick  and  firm  in  texture,  dark 
g^een  above,  very  glaucous  and  usually  pubescent  or  rarely  tomentose  below,  from  two  to  three  inches 
in  length  and  from  an  inch  and  a  half  to  two  inches  and  a  half  in  width.'  The  flowers  of  the  southern 
form  are  sometimes  tawny-yellow  in  color,'  and  the  fruit,  which  is  usually  much  smaller  on  this  form 
than  on  northern  trees  and  on  the  variety  Drummondii  of  the  lower  Mississippi  basin,  is  rarely  also 
yellow.' 

Acer  rubrum,  var.  tridens,  is  distributed  from  southern  New  Jersey  southward  through  the  coast 
region  and  the  middle  district?  to  southern  Florida,  and  along  the  Gulf  coast  to  eastern  Texas.* 


'  Individual  leaTea,  similar  in  shape  to  thou  usually  produced  on 
the  sontbem  tree,  can  generally  be  found  on  the  Red  Maple  at  the 
north,  particularly  on  the  stunted  trees  which  grow  in  swamps, 
although  the  majority  of  the  leaves  of  this  tree  at  the  north  are 
mostly  ovate,  with  broad  bases,  and  from  three  to  five-lobed. 

^  Darlington,  Fl.  Cetlr.  246. 

'  In  April,  1890, 1  found  at  Meridian,  Mississippi,  a  Bed  Maple 
with  bright  canary-yellow  fruit. 

*  It  was  by  an  error,  due  to  the  fact  that  trees  which  had  been 


planted  were  reported  aa  growing  naturally  in  this  region,  that  the 
range  of  Acer  rubrum  as  Uid  down  on  page  108  of  the  second 
volume  of  this  work  was  extended  to  eastern  Nebraska  and  Dakota. 
The  most  western  station  in  this  part  of  the  coontry  where  the  Red 
Maple  is  known  by  me  to  grow  spontaneously  is  in  the  valley  of  the 
Kickapoo  River  in  western  Wisconsin  (L.  H.  Pammel),  and  in  a 
Tamarack  swamp  near  La  Crosse,  Iowa,  about  seven  miles  from 
the  Mississippi  River,  where  it  was  found  in  the  summer  of  1901 
by  Professor  Pammel. 


H 


! 
1 


!  1 


EXPLANATION  OF  THE  PLATE. 

Platb  DCXXVL    Ackb  rcbxcm,  v*r.  TBioiMg. 

1.  A  flowering  bnueh  of  the  itauniiuite  tree,  natural  aite. 

2.  Vertical  aeetion  of  a  itaminate  flower,  enlarged. 

3.  A  flowering  branch  of  the  piitillata  tree,  natural  giie. 

4.  Vertical  section  of  a  piitillr.te  flower,  enlarged. 
6.  A  fruiting  branch,  natural  lize. 

6.  Vertical  section  of  a  froit,  natural  liie. 

7.  End  of  a  sterile  branch,  natural  si>  e. 

8.  9, 10.  Leaves  from  one  tree,  nata'  al  size. 


^^-?'  'Y" 


e- 


! 


1 


EXPLANATION  OF  THE  PLATE. 

PuiTB  DCXXVl.     Ac«»  KUIWUM,  v«r.  -ntiDSifft. 
I.  A  fiuwxrini;  bnuich  of  thp  iitJimii).it«  trrc,  nntiiral  she. 
'J,  Vertii-al  "wctioii  of  a  itaminaU  tl(>ir«r.  enlarged. 
3.  A  H.iwdintj;  liranili  of  llm  pUtillate  tree,  natural  •ii«. 
t.  Vertiral  ii«('iiun  of  a  pittlllatit  flower,  «nlcrgefl. 
5.  A  fruiting  liranrh,  natural  tizo. 
tt.  Vertical  Hi»cti(tn  of  a  fruit,  natural  siie. 

7.  End  of  A  »teriin  branch,  natural  isiw. 

8,  9,  lU.   Loavea  from  one  ire*,  iialunU  nize. 


1 : 

} 

1 
1 

^^mr- 


'.'•.Iva  of  North  Ampnca. 


Tab.  DCXXV; 


't:  f;i.i:''.  ,M 


Zartau<i  sc 


ACER  RUBRUM  VAR.  TRIDENS,  Wooc 


A Hh\ft'u.r  iiif't\r' 


Imp  J  lan^ir  Paris 


LBQUMlNOHiS. 


8ILVA   OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


18 


QLEDITSIA  TEX  ANA. 

Locust. 

Legume  straight,  elongated,  many-seeded,  destitute  of  pulp,  indehiscent.  Leaflets 
oblong-ovate. 

aieditaia  Texana,  Sargent,  Bjt.  OautU,  zzxi.  1  (1901). 

A  tree,  from  one  hundred  to  one  hundred  and  twenty  feet  in  height,  with  a  trunk  rarely  exceeding 
two  feet  and  a  half  in  diameter  covered  with  pale  smooth  close  bark,  and  ect  slightly  spreading 
branches.  The  branchlets,  which  are  comparatively  slender,  more  or  less  sdgz  ;,  and  roughened  by 
numerous  small  round  lenticels,  are  Ught  orange-brown  when  they  first  appear,  gray  or  orange-brown 
during  their  first  year,  and  ashy  gray  the  following  season.  The  leaves  are  six  or  seven  inches  long, 
with  a  slender  raohis  which  is  at  first  puberulous  but  ultimately  glabrous,  and  from  twelve  to  twenty* 
two  leaflets,  and  often  bipinnate  usually  with  six  or  seven  pairs  of  pinnce,  the  lower  pairs  being 
frequently  reduced  to  single  large  leaflets.  The  leaflets  are  oblong-ovate,  often  somewhat  falcate, 
rounded  or  acute  or  apiculate  at  the  apex,  obliquely  rounded  at  the  base,  finely  crenulate-serrate,  thick 
and  firm  in  texture,  dark  green  and  lustrous  on  the  upper  surface,  pale  on  the  lower  surface,  and  from 
one  half  of  an  inch  to  an  inch  in  length,  with  short  petiolules  coated  while  young  with  soft  pale  hairs, 
which  also  occur  along  the  base  of  the  slender  orange-co<ored  midnerves.  The  stamina*'')  flowers  are 
dark  orange-yellow,  and  appear  toward  the  end  of  April  in  slender  glabrous  often  clustered  racemes, 
which,  lengthening  after  the  flowers  begin  to  open,  are  finally  from  three  to  four  inches  in  length. 
The  calyx  is  campanulale,  with  acute  lobes  which  are  thickened  on  the  margins,  villose-pubescent  on  the 
two  surfaces,  and  rather  shorter  and  narrower  than  the  puberulous  petals.  The  stamens  are  exserted, 
with  slender  filaments  villose  near  the  base,  and  green  anthers.  The  pistillate  flowers  are  still 
unknown.  The  legumes,  which  are  four  or  five  inches  long  and  an  inch  wide,  are  straight,  much 
compressed,  rounded  or  short-pointed  at  the  apex,  full  and  rounded  at  the  broad  base,  thin-walled,  dark 
chestnut-brown,  puberulous,  only  slightly  thickened  at  the  margins,  many-seeded,  and  destitute  of  pulp. 
The  seeds  are  oval,  compressed,  dark  chestnut-brown,  very  lustrous,  and  nearly  half  an  inch  in  length.' 

A  few  individuals  only  of  Gleditaia  Texana  are  now  known  in  a  single  g^ove  on  the  bottom-lands 
of  the  Brazos  River,  near  the  town  of  Brazoria,  Texas,  where  it  grows  in  dense  woods  composed 
principally  of  OledUsia  triacanthos,  Platanus  occidentalis,  and  Populus  deltoidea.  The  peculiar 
pods  which  distinguish  this  species  were  first  noticed  in  February,  1892,  by  Mr.  E.  N.  Flank,^  and  led 
to  the  study  of  this  tree  b  1809  and  1900  by  Mr.  B.  F.  Bush. 


>  Reiembling  QUdiUia  triacanthos  in  folutga  and  in  tba  itaminat* 
flowen,  Glediuia  Texana  ia  diitinguiihed  from  that  ipeoiea  jj  it* 
■pineleu  branches  and  eawther  pale  bark.  From  all  ipeoiei  of 
the  genui  it  differs  in  the  legomes.  These  resemble  those  of  the 
janjr-ieeded  species  in  their  general  form  and  color  and  in  their 
numerous  seeds  ;  they  differ  from  them  in  their  much  smaller  siie, 
thin  compressed  wallr,  with  thinner  margins,  and  in  the  absence  of 
the  sweet  pulp  which  surrounds  their  thinner  lightei -colored  seeds. 
From  the  compressed  pulpless  legume  of  Glediuia  aquatica  they 
differ  in  form  and  in  their  much  more  numerous  seeds. 

Known  only  in  a  single  groTe,  and  sharing  something  of  the  char- 
acter of  each  of  the  other  American  species  which  grow  near  it,  the 
hypothesis  of  the  hybrid  origin  of  this  tree  might  be  considered 
were  it  not  for  the  fact  that  the  legumes  of  Glediuia  triacanthos  are 


nearly  half  grown  on  the  lower  Branis  before  the  flowers  of  0I«- 
diltia  Texana  open,  while  the  flowers  of  Otedittia  aquatica  do  not 
open  until  ten  or  tweWe  days  after  those  of  Oledittia  Texana  bare 
fallen. 

'  Elisha  Newton  Flank,  a  descendant  tbrongh  bis  father  and 
mother  of  old  New  England  families  which  bad  furnished  sol- 
diers to  the  Continental  army,  was  bom  on  Maroh  23,  1831,  in 
Wolcott,  Wayne  County,  New  York,  where  bis  grandfather  had 
settled  in  1813.  Having  received  an  academic  education  and 
studied  law,  he  remained  in  New  York  until  1879,  when  be 
moved  with  bis  family  to  Kansas,  where  he  became  a  journalist ; 
and  then  traveled  for  several  years  through  Kansas  and  Texas 
delivering  popular  and  successful  lectures  on  literary  and  philo- 
sophical r-thjects.     During  these  years  he  devoted   much  atten- 


ii 


14 


aiLVA   OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


LEOUUINOS^ 


tion  to  boUnj,  in  whioh  ha  had  baan  intaraitad  from  bojhood, 
and  mad*  large  oollaotioiu  of  manjr  naw  and  little  known  plant*. 
From  1802  to  1806  Mr.  Plank  oontributad  a  long  Mrie*  of  im- 
portant papers  on  the  Uora  of  Teui  to  Garden  and  Foral,  and  ha  ii 


the  author  uf  papers  on  pomology  and  foreitrjr  publiihed  in  the 
report!  of  the  Kanaaa  fjtate  Horticultural  Sooiet;,  and  of  a  paper 
on  BucUw  daclgloidei,  printed  in  the  niDeteeiitb  volume  of  the 
BulUlin  of  Ihe  Torriy  tjianical  Club. 


EXPLANATION  OF  THE  PLATE. 

Platk  tX^XXVlL    GLRDrwiA  Trxana. 

1.  A  flowering  branch  of  the  ataminata  tree,  natural  sits. 

2.  A  statiiiiiate  flower,  enlarged. 

3.  A  fruiting  branch,  natural  site. 

4.  Vertical  section  of  a  portion  of  a  legume,  natural  iIm. 
6.  Cross  section  of  a  seed,  natural  size. 


:| 


LEOUMINOH/l. 

I  (onwtr;  publiihed  in  the 

inl  Sooioty,  ud  of  *  papor 

nineUeiitb  foluiue  of  tha 


% 


I 


>/; 


MKIilCA. 


l.K(ll;Mf.N(J^  > 


fttitlKir  uf  [m|Mni  on  ptmi'ilni^j  Antl  fomstry  piihliMbrtl  in  i!  • 
l">ru  nf  IIh>  K«nw<  Hutu  iiortiuullurkl  .S<N'iaij,  and  u(  «  |»|r 
11  ttiuiktn  iliuHnloidti,  prinUMi   in  tb«  niueUeiiib  ruluma  nf    ' 


1 

1 

1 

i 

R 

;■ 

3   ! 


Ni'LANAIION  OF    fill'.   IMATK. 

lit   IH  WVII.    (ii.RiimiiA  Trxana. 
•I  >w«rtnv'  l>r»nrh  of  tlii>  nUniinsta  lre«,  nstural  liia. 
'   'tauiii>iil>>  fluwer,  viiUrgol. 
>  friiilin)>  linmrli,  ndund  »iu. 

Vrrtif«i  wKtiiin  of  »  portion  n(  a  l(-(;utiia,  iiaturki  ait*. 
(;;ro«a  Mi-ti»n  uf  ■  Mie<l,  nktural  tix«. 


! 


.w 


LK(lt;MIN(M  t 

i'liy  tktui  rrirxiirr  |iii)/li<bpil  iii  ll>' 
irtii:ullurRl  .s«H-mtj,  ami  of  ii  p*t<«' 
ill  tiM  ninetwiilb  «oiuin«  of    ' 


1|ilv4  of  Nomh  Amenca 


i'  f'  yaa:ori  de^ 


GLEDITSIA  TEXANA    Sar4, 


A  }iun-mt^v  Jiretc  ^ 


Hnpine^  jc/ 


Imp  J  ToJiedir  Paru 


u 


Pr 

be 
M 

id 
fri 
by 

Ml 

Tl 
in 
roi 
in 
no 
mi 


un 

KM 

eig 
fift 
rai 
thi 
U 
eu 


Ml 

tin 

WBI 


LIOUMlMUIiK. 


SILVA   or  ^OliTIl  A  At  Eli  W  A. 


10 


PR0S0PI8  JULIFLORA,  var.  VELUTINA. 
Mewiult*. 
Leaflets  crowded,  cinereo-pubescent.     Calyx  pubescent. 

ProropU  JuUflora,  T»r.  v»lutln«.  p»rt)  (not  De  CundolU)  (1889),  —  Rothroek,  Tr*««/»r'f 

Algarobl*  glanduloaa,  Torr»y,  Pae\fle  R.  R.  R*p.  »li.  Hup.  i\.  KKJ  (In  jMWt).  —  S»r^«nt,  SUiia  N.  Am.  lii.  lOl 

pt.  iii.  10  (not  Ann.  Lye.  S.  T.  U.  199,  t  9)  (In  p«rt)  (in  p«rt). 

(lgQ0),  ProaopU  yalutlna,  Wooton,  Bull.  Torrty  Bat.  Club,  »t. 

ProaopU  Jullflora,  Torrey,  Bot.  ilex.  Bound.  Sum.  60  (in  4M  (1898). 

ProHopU  juliflora  wan  fint  described  from  trees  growing  on  the  island  of  Jamaica,  where  it  ii 
believed  to  have  been  introduced  from  the  mainland  before  the  middle  of  the  eighteenth  century.  The 
Mesquite  of  western  Texas,'  where  it  is  one  of  the  most  conspicuous  features  of  vegetation,  appears 
identical  with  the  plant  which  grows  on  Jamaica ;  but  eastward  and  westward  the  Mesquit«  diverges 
from  the  western  Texas  pUnt,  and  its  extreme  forms,  distinct  enough  when  seen  locally,  are  connected 
by  intermediate  forms  which  make  it  difficult  to  find  characters  by  which  these  can  be  satisfactorily 
separated  as  species.     The  two  extreme  forms,  however,  can  be  well  treated  as  varieties. 

The  first  of  these  varieties  is  the  eastern  and  California  tree,  ProHopU  juliflora,  var.  glanduloaa.* 
This  is  the  common  Mesquite  of  eastern  Texas,  whore  it  is  frequently  a  round-topped  tree,  twenty  feet 
in  height,  with  a  trunk  a  foot  in  diameter  and  long  gracefully  drooping  branches  forming  a  symmetrical 
round-topped  head,  leaves  with  distant  linear  mostly  acute  glabrous  dark  green  leaflets  often  two  inches 
in  length,  and  a  glabrous  calyx.^  This  form  ranges  westward  to  about  the  ninety-eighth  meridian, 
northward  into  southern  Kansas,*  and  southward  into  northern  Mexico,'  and  with  rather  shorter  and 
more  crowded  leaflets  is  common  in  southern  California,  extending  southward  into  Lower  California.' 

The  second  variety,  Pronopia  juliflora,  var.  eelutina,  in  a  tree  found  only  in  the  hot  semitropical 


'  Pmopii  juiytom  in  wcttarn  Tax«f  rtnil  nutam  N*w  Heiioo  ii 
ntully  a  ihrub  tending  up  *  nombcr  of  itout  itanu  from  •normoui 
rootf,  but  oooMionally  beoomu  ■  low  tree,  with  a  trunii  aix  or 
eight  inches  iu  diameter.  The  teaTet  are  glabroni,  with  from 
fifteen  to  twenty  pain  of  leaflet!;  thete  are  crowded  or  more  orleH 
remote,  linearK)blang,  rounded  or  acute  at  the  apei,  and  from  one 
third  to  one  half  of  an  inch  in  length.  The  ealyx  ii  glabroui. 
LeaTCi  and  a  flower-apike  of  Protopii  jul\flora  are  figured  on  plate 
exxxri.  f.  27  of  thia  work. 

On  apecimeni  collected  along  the  ihore  of  Corpui  Chriiti  Bay  in 
March,  1804,  by  A.  A.  Heller,  the  learee,  with  abort  and  compara- 
tiTeiy  crowded  leafleta,  are  not  distinguiihable  from  thoee  of  the 
weitern  Texaa  Proiopit  jul\/iora. 
*  Protopu  Juiyiora,  Tar.  glandulosa. 

Prtaopit  glandulota,  Torrey,  i4nn.  Lye,  N,  Y.  ii.  192,  t.  2 
(1828);  Bmory'i  Rep.  139  (in part).  —  Don,  Gen.  Syil.  ii. 400.  — 
Dietrich,  Syn.  ii.  1424.—  Walpen,  Hep.  i.  861.  —  Bentham, 
Hooker  Jour.  Bot.  n.  348;  Land.  Jour.  Bot.  y.  81. 

Alganbia  glandulota,  Torrey  &  Gray,  Fl,  N.  .im.  i.  300 
(1838);  Paei/e  R.  R.  Rep.  ii.  104.  —  Engelmann  &  Gray,  Jour. 
Bott.  Soc.  Nat.  Hut.  t.  242  (Pt.  Lindkeim.  i.).  —  Kngelmann, 
Wulizenwi  Mem.  of  a  Tour  to  Northern  Mexico  {Senate  Doc. 
1848,  Bot.  Appx.),  M.  —  Gray,  Jour.  Bott.  Soc.  Nat.  Hut.  y\.  181 
(PI.  Lindheim.    ii.)  ;  Smithsonian  Conlrih.   iii.    60 ;  t.  fil    (PI. 


Wright,  i.,  ii.)i  Ivee'  Rep.  U. —Tomj,  SUgrtmei'  Rep.lW; 
Bot.  Mez.  Bound.  Sun'.  60  (in  part). 

•  The  moat  oonitant  character,  perhape,  by  which  the  Texai 
and  California  Meiquite  can  be  diitinguiabed  from  the  form  o( 
•outhern  Ariiona  ia  in  the  glabrous  oalyx,  for  the  leavea  of  thia 
form  show  great  Tariationa  ;  but  on  a  specimen  with  typical  learea 
collected  by  Pope  in  Texaa,  without  other  indication,  from  tha 
Thurber  Herbarium  and  now  in  the  Gray  Herbarium,  the  flowers 
and  leaflets  are  toroentoee  ;  and  on  specimens  collected  by  N.  A. 
Carlton  in  Oldham  County,  Texas,  in  1891,  also  with  leavea  of 
the  typical  Tar.  glandulota,  the  oalyx  is  puberulous.  These  species 
seem  to  indicate  a  transition  into  the  pubescent  form  of  southern 
Ariiona. 

•  The  Mesquite  was  first  collected  in  Kansaa  in  1880  by  Mr.  E. 
N.  Plank.  See,  also,  L.  F.  Ward,  Plant  World,  i.  48,  and  C.  N. 
Gould,  Plant  World,  iv.  74,  103. 

•  Near  MaUmoras,  Berlandier  (No.  2344  equals  914),  1831,  and 
Gregg,  May  10,  1847  (in  Herb.  Gray);  San  Luis  PotosI,  Palmer, 
1878;  Parras,  and  near  Saltillo,  Palmer,  1880;  ManianilU,  Palmer, 
1800;  Monterey,  C.  K.  Dodge,  April  and  May,  1801  (in  IT.  S.  Mat. 
Herb.). 

'  The  specimens  eoUeoted  by  T.  S.  Brandegee  at  San  Gregoria 
in  Lower  California,  February,  1887,  and  distributed  at  Proiopit 
pubescent,  probably  belong  to  this  form. 


Ill 


11 


M 


16 


SUVA   OP  NORTH  AMEBIC  A. 


LEOUHINOSJt. 


valleys  of  southern  Arizona  and  Sonora,'  where  it  often  attains  the  height  of  fifty  feet,  with  a 
trunk  two  feet  in  diameter  covered  with  rough  dark  brown  bark,  and  with  heavy  irregularly  arranged 
usually  crooked  branches.  This  form  grows  to  a  larger  him  than  any  of  the  other  Mesquites  in  the 
United  States.  The  leaves  are  five  or  six  inches  long,  often  fascicled  and  cinereo-pubescent,  with 
short  petioles  and  from  twelve  to  twenty-two  pairs  of  oblong  or  linear-oblong  obtuse  or  acute  pale 
green  leaflets  from  one  quarter  to  one  half  of  an  inch  in  length,  and  with  densely  flowered  spikes  of 
flowers  two  or  three  inches  long.     The  calyx  is  villose.'' 


■  From  Nogalea  to  GiMTtnma,  Row,  Jtuauj,  1897  (No.  1206); 
Gi  -,  mw,  Row,  June,  1897  (No.  1296)  j  El  Grupo,  Ur.  W.  J. 
MoGm,  OwMinber,  1896. 


'  The  Mirliest  tpccimen  of  this  pubcMcnt  form  wu  ooUmM  hj 
Dr.  George  Thurber  (No.  667)  oD  the  Oilm  Rirer,  and  ii  preMrred 
in  the  Grsj  Herbarium. 


EXPLANATION   OF  THE  PLATE. 

Platb  DCXXVIII.    Pbobopw  julitloba,  v«r.  vklutina. 

1 .  A  flowering  branch,  natural  size. 

2.  A  flower,  enlarged. 
.^>.  A  pistil,  enlarged. 
4.  A  atainen,  enlarged. 

a.  A  fruiting  branch,  natural  iiM. 

6.  Vertical  section  of  a  portion  of  a  legume,  natural  size. 

7.  Vertical  section  of  a  seed,  enlarged. 

8.  Aa  embryo,  enlarged. 


A. 


LEOUHINOSJt, 


':v!ii 


f  fifty  feet,  with  a 
irregularly  arranged 
er  Mesquites  in  the 
ereo-pubescent,  with 
obtuse  or  acute  pale 
f  flowered  spikes  of 


o«nt  form  wm  oollMtad  bj 
iU  Rirer,  and  it  pmerrMl 


t 

t' 


*»0 


'>F  yOUTU  .UfElili  A 


vsmvano&M. 


>,      nv,'  wheffl   il   often   at«»in*  the   hoight  of  fifty  fwot,  with  a 

■  itli  iduvjU  <iark  lii^nwu  ^Kirk,  and  with  heavy  irrcj^ularly  arranged 

li,  gniwfi  to  A  lanjt'r  »isM«  than  any  of  the  othi'r  Meaqiiitcs  in  thf 

or  MX  tnuhw  lonir.  often  fascicled  and  i'inuroo-i)ub«'scent,  witli 

i>   iwontv-twu  |mir»  of  oblontj  or  hncar-ohlon^  ohtnso  or  acutf  pal' 

line  half  of  »n   inch  in   length,  aiid  with  densely  tlowered  spikes  <il 

The  <  alvn  w  v-i|lo«#.* 


,    .MJ,   \W,  I  Ho    VJ^V. 


^  Th«  oiirliest  specimen  of  thin  pubenoeot  fonn  watt  collected  h\ 
I>r.  (tiwrge  Thurlwr  (No.  667)  on  the  (iiU  Kiver,  luii]  ij  prcwrrw' 
ta  thB  (rra^  Iltrliarium. 


.NATION   OK   THF.   PLATE. 

|H»>T(   irt'XXVni.     Tiiooorts  .ii'iiFtORA,  v«.  vw.tmNA. 

i     \  ftaw«nn){  branih,  iiktural  aiu. 

f     K  Biiirer,  oiil«r){txl. 

"'     V  piatil,  «nlar^l. 

1     .V  <uiiii«n.  enl&rgmi. 

'■    A  (niitin^'  branch,  natural  liir. 

•>    Vi^rtiral  serlion  o(  «  ixirtiori  uf  a  kjjTiiue,  ratiiral  n\it. 

Wrtifal  iMictiun  of  a  seed,  enlarged. 
'<    .\ii  eniliryo,  unUrged. 


w 


iiktS' 


LWlUMINaS,*. 

of  fifty  feet,  with  a 
'  irri'jjuliirly  iirriinjreil 
luT  .Mi?s(iiiitf3  iu  tin 
iiureo-juihescent,  witli 
obtuse  or  acute  pul« 
Iv  flowert'il  Hpikes  <il 


Moent  fonn  km  collected  bi 
RiU  Ri»er,  and  i«  preiemn' 


Silva  of  North  America. 


Tab    DCXXVHI 


I 

i 


i  0 


% 


Mr"-: 
f  •■;■ 


/'  Ki.rt'n  ,/iv' 


PR030PIS   JULIFLORA  VAR  VELUTINA  SarS 


Jfa/>uie  .r.* 


A  Md.xtfu.r  ,y.,-.\f 


■'■.f   ..    /iU!t'{dJ\  ,',//'{.'■ 


LKOUMINOSJL 


8ILVA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


17 


LEUOiENA  OREOOII. 
Leaves  10  to  14-pinnate,  glandular,  the  pinnee  30  to  60-foliolate ;  stipules  spinescent. 


Leuosna  OreggU,  Watson,  Proc.  Am.  Aead.  zxiii.  272 

(1888). 
Leuoeena  glauoa,  Sargent,  Forest  Tr*e»  N.  Am.  lOth  Cm' 


tut  U.  S.  ix.  62  (in  part)  (not  Bantham)  (1884) ;  SUva 
N.  Am.  iii.  Ill  (in  part).  — Coulter,  Contrib.  U.  S.  Nat. 
Httrb.  ii.  98  (Man.  PI.  W.  Texas)  (in  part). 


A  tree,  from  fifteen  to  twenty  feet  in  height,  with  a  stem  four  or  five  inches  in  diameter  covered 
with  dark  hrown  bark  three  eighths  of  an  inch  in  thickness  divided  into  low  ridges  and  broken  on 
the  surface  into  small  closely  apprcssed  persistent  scales,  and  stout  zigzag  red-brown  branchlets  marked 
by  numerous  pale  lonticels  and  coated  at  first  with  short  spreading  deciduous  lustrous  yellow  hairs, 
which  also  clothe  the  young  petioles,  the  lower  surface  of  the  unfolding  leaves,  and  the  peduncles  of 
the  flower-heads  and  their  bracts.  The  leaves  are  six  or  seven  inches  long  and  broad,  with  slender 
rachises  which  are  furnished  on  the  upper  side  with  a  single  elongated  bottle-shaped  gland  between  the 
stalks  of  each  pair  of  pinnse.  The  pinnae  are  remote  and  short-stalked,  and  their  leaflets  are  lanceolate, 
acute  or  acuminate,  often  somewhat  falcate,  nearly  sessile  or  short-petiolulate,  full  and  rounded  toward 
the  base  on  the  lower  margin  and  nearly  straight  on  the  upper  margin,  gray-green,  ultimately  nearly 
glabrous,  from  one  quarter  to  one  third  of  an  inch  long  and  about  one  eighth  of  an  inch  wide, 
with  narrow  midv'><ns  and  obscure  lateral  nerves.  The  stipules  are  gradually  narrowed  into  long 
slender  points  which,  becoming  rigid  and  spinescent  and  from  one  third  to  nearly  one  half  oi  an  inch  in 
length,  continue  to  arm  the  branches  for  two  or  three  years.  The  flowers  are  produced  in  heads  from 
three  quarters  of  an  inch  to  nearly  an  inch  in  diameter  whirh  are  borne  on  stout  peduncles  furnished  at 
the  spex  with  two  irregularly  three-lobed  bracts  and  are  from  two  to  three  inches  in  leng^th,  and  solitary 
or  in  pairs ;  they  are  numerous,  white,  and  sessile  in  the  axils  of  small  peltate  bracts  villose  at  the 
apex  and  raised  on  slender  stalks  which  lengthen  with  the  growing  flower-buds  and  at  maturity  are 
as  long  t>8  the  calyx.  This  i>>  coated  with  hairs  only  near  the  apex  and  is  much  shorter  than  the 
spatulate  glabrous  more  or  less  boat-shaped  petals.  The  stamens  are  much  exserted,  with  small 
glabrous  oblong  anthers,  and  the  ovary  is  villose,  with  a  few  short  scattered  hairs.  The  legume  is 
linear,  from  six  to  eight  inches  long,  from  one  thicd  to  one  half  of  an  inch  wide,  narrowed  below 
to  a  short  stout  stipe,  acuminate  and  crowned  at  the  apex  with  the  thickened  style  which  varies 
from  one  third  to  three  quarters  of  an  inch  in  length,  cinereo-pubescent  until  nearly  fully  grown  but 
nearly  glabrous  at  maturity,  and  much  compressed,  with  narrow  wing-like  margins.  The  seeds  are 
conspicuously  notched  by  the  hilom,  dark  chestnut-brown,  very  lustrous,  half  an  inch  long  and  a  third 
of  an  inch  wide. 

Leuccma  Oreggii  inhabits  mountain  ravines  and  the  steep  rooky  banks  of  streams,  and  is 
distributed  in  western  Texas  from  the  valley  of  the  upper  San  Saba  River  to  that  of  Devil's  River,  and 
southward  into  Mexico,  where  it  was  discovered  in  the  neighborhood  of  Rinconardo  in  1847  by  Dr. 
Josiah  Gregg.' 

The  wood  of  Lmcana  Gfreggii  is  heavy,  hard,  and  close-grainec';  and  contains  many  small  regularly 
distributed  open  ducts,  the  layers  of  annual  growth  and  medullary  rays  being  hardly  distinguishable. 
It  is  rich  brown  streaked  with  red,  with  thin  clear  sapwood.  The  specific  gravity  of  the  absolutely  dry 
wood  is  0.9235,  a  cubic  foot  weighing  57.55  pounds." 


>  See  Ti.  33. 

'  In  preparing  the  aocoimt  of  Ltucana  glauca  tor  the  fourth 
volume  of  this  work  Leucana  Oreggii  waa  oonfounded  with  that 


■peoiei,  aud  the  description  was  bawd  partly  on  Mexican  specimens 
of  Leueana  Oreggii.  Owing  to  this  mistake,  which  was  subse- 
quently pointed  out  to  me  by  Dr.  B.  L.  Robinson  of  the  Gray 


I 


\ 


18 


SILVA   OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


LBavmnosM. 


Herbariam,  Ltueana  glauea  wu  eooiidend  »  natiTe  of  Tern.  In 
reality  thi*  tpvoiac,  which  i«  now  widely  diitributod  through  the 
warm  parti  of  th«  world  by  cultintion,  doea  not  appear  to  hara 
obtainad  a  foothold  in  Teiaa,  and  probably  gnwi  •pontanaonily 
in  tha  United  Statei  only  on  the  iaiand  of  Key  Weet,  where  it 
i<  ihrubby  in  habit  I  hare  leen  no  flower  or  foliage  of  £«uttnia 
Ong$ii  from  Teiaa,  and  thii  tree  ii  now  admitted  into  The  SUm  of 
Nortk  i4m<rKa  on  the  taitimuny  of  the  lat«  S.  B.  Buokley,  who  in 
1883  wrote  to  me  that  this  tree,  which  he  had  preriontly  collected 
on  the  Lampaiaa  Honntain*  in  Meiioo,  "  if  aUo  quite  common 
along  DeTil'i  Hirer  of  weitem  Teiae,  alec  in  the  Tallej  of  the 


San  Saba  Birer  in  San  Saba  Canaty.  On  Devil'i  River  I  law  it 
a*  a  imall  tree  in  187C.  It  growi  lingly  or  in  groupa,  lingle  treei 
not  being  uncommon.  It  growl  in  limaitone  Mill  of  the  oretaoeoui 
period  in  Teiai.  It  ought  to  be  coltiTatod  in  all  the  louthem 
•tatec.  It  would  certainly  be  a  Taluable  ooquiiition  to  the  orna- 
mental treei  of  the  louth." 

My  deaeription  of  the  bark  23d  of  the  wood  of  LtiKona  gUuua 
{Silva  tf.  Am.  iii.  Ill)  wai  drawn  up  from  the  wood  ipeoimen  col- 
lected by  Ur.  S.  B.  Buckley  ou  the  San  Saba  RiTcr  for  the  Jeiup 
Collectitm  of  North  American  Woodi  in  the  American  Huieum  of 
Natural  History,  New  York. 


EXPLANATION   OF  THE  PLATE. 

Plate  DCXXIX.     Lkdc.vka  Gitaooii. 

1.  A  flowering  branch,  natural  size. 

2.  A  flower  with  iti  braetlet,  enUrged. 

3.  A  petal,  enlarged. 

4.  A  piitil,  enlarged. 

6.  A  eloitpr  of  legnmei,  natural  nie. 

6.  A  leed,  natural  lize. 

7.  Vertical  section  of  a  seed,  enlarged. 

8.  An  embryo,  enUrged. 


LEOUIOKOSiB, 


Ob  DctU'i  Rinr  I  nw  it 
I7  or  in  groop*,  lingl*  tmi 
•tone  nili  o(  the  ontuooui 
tinted  in  all  the  •outhera 
ble  aoquiiition  to  the  onw- 

le  wood  of  Ltticana  glauea 

torn  the  wood  •peoimen  toU 

I  8sb*  Hirer  tor  the  Jeeup 

the  AmerioMi  Hnaeum  of 


•f^'*l>''H^V5^, 


; 


t* 


WHTIJ   AMKRK'A 


LKni7MtNOS4! 


..    IriM      la 

.    |n>««  tpuatwMoaaljr 

,    ,t  kijr  Wtat,  wlMr*  it 

'  ■  I  i>r  fulMf*  14  Lmnamt 

•^liiuUod  into  n«  Mm  4^ 

U.I*  S  It.  BnakUj,  who  ia 

la*  hoi  pnvioittljr  cvIImMH 

«,  aJfo  in  tha  i»H»y  t>l  lfa« 


dull  8«l»  KiMir  Ml  Mu  Sab*  Cauiit.r  On  IVTil'a  Kivnr  I  uw  l( 
M  ft  iin«il  WW  ut  1H75.  It  ffrowfi  iiiifcly  fr  in  groups,  atiigle  irw>r. 
•M  bMnt  iMCMnBiuD  It  K"><"  >■>  l>m«itun«  miU  iif  tlin  ortuowiu 
pantj  ia  T*tM.  Il  nUKbt  t<i  b«  cultinUMl  iti  all  tba  •outhvrn 
*iMtt*  It  woblil  orrtftinlj  b«  ft  vftluftble  ftm|UuiiUon  to  thu  orfiH 
ia«it«l  tnw  of  tb«  KouUi." 

My  dftwriptioii  of  t)i««  b«rli  ftjaU  uf  tbft  wood  uf  Lmtcann  glauea 
(  >'Ji*a  \.  Am  lit.  Ill)  wiu  dinwu  up  from  tba  wotxl  Hfwcimen  cut* 
l*rt*d  bjr  Mr.  S  B.  Iluoktey  on  tho  Sfta  Sabft  KiT«r  fur  tbe  J«ftu|i 
Cnllaptiim  >if  North  Anirriaui  Wuotla  in  tba  Auarieftii  MuMuni  ul 
Nftturftl  lliiturjr,  N«w  V»rk. 


f.\H1.4N\TtON    OK  THK   PLATE. 


■ 


Kmti>.  IX'XXIX.     Ijtiir.itKA  Onnxiii. 
'     A  ^owiffing  brmnrh,  nttiunil  t>ii:t!. 

A  thiwer  with  ita  brsctlrt,  anUri;e<t. 
i    A  inul,  enlkrgMl. 
4    A  pUtil.  enWgml. 

A  citutrr  of  legumaa,  nfttur«l  aiui. 
>'     \  MictI,  nfttural  siza. 

WrtimI  noctiun  of  *  saadi  cnUrgfd. 
H.  An  embryo,  enlftrgnt. 


LKOUMtNOSA 

'  On  Deril'i  Hirer  I  u«  li 
kI?  '"  in  cr"*"!**!  'iiigl*  li*'' 
irjituin"  milt  (if  tin-  oret4tceuui 
illiratAll  ill  itll  the  •(lUtbora 
abin  ■oqaititioa  to  the  onio 

the  wuod  ot  Lmtann  gUmn 
from  the  wdwI  iiicciiiieii  ml. 
10  Sails  Itirer  for  the  tittuf 
ill  the  Aueriewi  MiiMiuni  uf 


Tab  DCXXIX 


JfUHf-/i4    .<■(? 


LEUC^NA    GREGGIl   Witr, 


itfur.  .'(jrw 


LiiOUHlNaSilC. 


SILVA   OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


19 


AOAOIA  TORTUOSA. 

Flowers  in  globose  heads  on  elongated  peduncles.     Legume  slender,  elongated, 
pubcrulous.     Branches  armed  with  persistent  spinescent  stipules. 

Aoaola  tortuosa,  WiUdenow,  Spte,  ir.  1083  (1805).—  De  Am.  Cent.  i.  366.  — Coulter,  Cmtrib.  U.  S.  Nat.  Herb. 


Candolle,  Prodr.  ii.  461.  —  Sprengel,  Syit.  iii.  144.— 
Benttum,  Land.  Jour.  Bat.  i.  392  ;  Trane.  Linn.  Soe.  xxz. 
601  {Sev.  Mim.).—  Torrey,  Bot.  Mex.  Bound.  Sun:  62.  — 
OriwbMh,  Fl.  Brit.  W.  Ind.  22*2.  —  Hem«l«y,  Bot.  Biol. 


ii.  99  (Man.  PI.  fV.  Teccas). 
Mimosa  tortuoaa,  Linnnus,  Spee.  ed.  2,  1605  (1763). 
Aoaoia  leuoaoantha,  Sprengel,  Si/it.  iii.  144  (1826). 
Aoaoia  alblda,  Lindley,  Bot.  Reg.  zvi.  1. 1317  (not  DelUe) 

(1830). 


Usually  shrubby  in  Texas,  vith  numerous  stems  forming  a  symmetrical  round-topped  bush  only 
a  few  feet  high,  Acacia  tortuosa  on  the  plain  of  the  Rio  Grande  near  Spofford  occasionally  becomes 
arborescent  in  habit  and,  reaching  a  height  of  from  fifteen  to  twenty  feet,  forms  a  straight  stem  five  or 
six  inches  in  diameter  covered  with  dark  deeply  furrowed  bark  and  surmounted  by  an  open  irregular 
head  of  stout  wide-spreading  branches.  The  branchlets  are  slender,  somewhat  zig^g,  slightly  angled, 
roughened  by  numerous  minute  round  lenticels,  reddish  brown,  villose,  with  short  pale  hairs,  and  armed 
with  thin  terete  puberulous  spines  developed  from  the  persistent  stipules  and  occasionally  three 
quarters  of  an  inch  long.  The  leaves  are  alternate  on  the  young  branchlets  and  are  fascicled  from 
earlier  axils ;  they  are  generally  less  than  an  inch  in  length,  short-petiolate,  with  slender  puberulous 
rachises  and  with  usually  three  or  four  pairs  of  pinnae,  and  are  early  deciduous  ;  the  pinnae  are  sessile 
or  short-stalked  and  remote,  with  from  ten  to  fifteen  pairs  of  leaflets.  These  are  linear,  somewhat 
falcate,  acute,  tipped  with  minute  points,  subsessile,  light  green,  glabrous,  and  from  one  twentieth  to  one 
sixteenth  of  an  inch  in  length.  The  peduncles  appear  in  March  with  or  just  before  the  unfolding  of 
the  leaves  and  are  axillary,  soUtary  or  usually  clustered,  slender,  puberulous,  from  one  half  to  three 
quuiters  of  an  inch  in  length,  and  furnished  at  the  apex  with  two  minute  connate  bracts.  Before  the 
flowers  open  the  flower-heads  are  glabrous,  and  after  the  flowers  open  they  are  from  one  quarter  to 
three  eighths  of  an  inch  in  diameter.  The  flowers  are  bright  yellow  and  very  fragrant,  and  are 
produced  from  the  axils  of  minute  clavate  pilose  bractlets.  The  calyx  is  only  about  one  third  as  long 
as  the  corolla,  with  short  lobes  puberulous  like  thosu  of  the  corolla,  which  is  less  than  half  as  long 
as  the  filaments.  The  ovary  is  nearly  sessile  and  covered  with  short  close  pubescence.  The  legumes 
are  indehiscent,  elongated,  linear,  slightly  compressed,  somewhat  constricted  between  the  numerous 
seeds,  from  three  to  five  inches  long  and  about  a  quarter  of  an  inch  wide,  dark  red-brown,  and 
cinereo-puberulous.  The  seeds  are  in  one  series,  obovate,  compressed,  dark  red-brown,  lustrous,  and 
about  a  quarter  of  an  inch  long;  their  coat  is  crustaceous,  with  a  thin  testa  and  a  thicker  pale 
and  harder  tegmen.  The  embryo  is  pale  yellow,  with  thick  cotyledons  and  a  short  slightly  exserted 
radicle. 

In  Texas  Acacia  tortuoaa  is  distributed  from  the  valley  of  the  Rio  Cibolo  to  Eagle  Pass  on  the 
Rio  Grande.  What  is  considered  the  same  species  is  common  in  northern  and  southern  Mexico,  the 
West  Indies,  Venezuela,  and  on  the  Galapagos  Islands.* 

Acacia  tortuosa  was  collected  by  Lindheimer  on  the  Rio  Cibolo  in  1850.  It  had  been 
previously  collected  by  Berlandier  in  1843  in  Tamaulipas,  probably  in  the  Rio  Grande  valley,  and  it 

'  I  have  followed  Bentham  and  Gray  in  considering  this  western  the  adjacent  parts  of  Mexico  appears  to  be  so  restricted,  it  is  not 
Texas  Aoaoia  identical  with  the  West  Indian,  Mexican,  tropical  ioiprobahle  that  a  better  knowledge  than  is  now  aTailable  of  the 
American,  and  Galapagos  species,  but  as  its  range  in  Texas  and  in      tropical  Ar  erican  species  will  show  it  to  be  distinct. 


\ 


kJ 


i  :  i  ' ' 
lit* 


i  .  I 

: 


8ILVA   OF  NORTH  AMERICA, 


LMX'MINOHA 


WM  collected  un  the  Rio  Grande  by  the  botaniate  ()f  the  Mexican  Boundarj  Survey  at  about  the  lanie 
time,  and  near  ]£»gh  PaM  by  Schott  in  1M54. 


RXPLANATION  OR  THR  PLATB. 

Platb  DCXXX.    Acacia  tobtuoiia. 

1.  A  fl<iw«ring  lirAnrh,  nalarkl  litr. 

3.  A  flnwar,  with  iu  bnutirt,  enUrKad. 
n.  Vvrtiral  Mction  of  a  Hdwnr,  enUcKml. 

4.  A  fniitinK  linuinli,  natural  liie. 

5.  Piirtiiin  of  a  IrKume,  natural  lU*. 
A.  A  u«l,  enlarged. 


W: 


LMtrMINOHiC 

y  at  about  tk«  name 


Sil^  oi 


*  '  X 


\J 


] 


f 


MKRH'A.  LKJUMINOKA. 

Mexican  Boundary  Survey  at  about  tliu  wux' 


■m  r>l>0i- 


'  .  ION  OK  THK   PLATE. 

\\X.      A'  viU   TilHTllOdA. 
-'■(^ffrwif;  b)ant*ti,  natural  tizo. 
■    '  -wer,  with  in  hmcllct,  ciiUrKot 
•  •Ttira).  (ertiiMi  "f  t  flower,  enUrj^l. 
A  fniitiiiK  l<rani-li.  natural  tiro. 
l\>riion  of  »  U-Kniiio.  naiuntl  »i»». 
A  Mied,  riiivgiHl. 


■I 


:-■  'i 


T  fc 


LFXJUMINOKA 

lurvey  at  about  tbu  8an>« 


Silva  of  Nort.h  America 


Tab.  DCXXX 


/ '  K  Famoft  da/ 


ACACIA    TORTUOSA.Willd 


A  liiorj'tuuf  di/y\r^ 


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ROSACEA 


SILVA   OF  NOKTH  AMERICA. 


21 


PRUNUS  UMBELLATA,  var.  INJUOUNDA. 


Sloe. 


Calyx-lobes  entire,  pubescent  on  the  outer,  tomentose  on  the  inner  surface.    Fruit 
subglobose  to  short-oblong.     Leaves  oblong  to  obovate-lanceolate,  tomentose  below. 


Prunus  umbellata,  var.  injuounda. 


Prunua  injuounda,  Small,  Bull.  Torrey  Bot.  Club,  zxv.  149 
(1898). 


A  tree,  sometimes  twenty  feet  in  height,  with  a  trunk  occasionally  six  or  eight  inches  in  diameter 
covered  with  nearly  black  furrowed  bark,  and  stout  erect  or  ascending  branches  forming  an  open 
irregular  head;  or  often  shrubby  and  spreading  into  broad  thickets.  The  slender  and  frequently 
spinescent  branches  are  coated  with  hoary  tomentum  when  they  first  appear,  and  become  reddish  brown 
and  pubescent  during  their  first  season,  dark  purple  and  puberulous  in  their  second  year,  and  ultimately 
dull  gray-brown.  The  leaves  are  oblong  or  rarely  obovate-lanceolate,  acute  or  acuminate  at  the  apex, 
gradually  narrowed  and  cuneate  at  the  base,  finely  serrate,  with  minute  glandular  teeth,  and  often 
furnished  at  the  base  with  two  large  conspicuous  dark  glands ;  when  they  unfold  they  are  coated 
below  with  hoary  tomentum  and  are  villose  above,  and  at  maturity  they  are  membranaceous,  dark  yellow- 
green,  tomentose  or  pubescent  on  the  lower  surface,  particularly  along  the  stout  yellow  midribs  and 
slender  primary  veins,  roughened  above  by  short  pale  hairs,  and  usually  about  two  inches  long  and  an 
inch  wide  ;  they  are  borne  on  stout  tomentose  petioles  a  quarter  of  an  inch  in  length.  The  stipules  are 
linear,  glandular-serrate,  from  one  eighth  to  one  quarter  of  an  inch  long,  and  caducous.  The  flowers 
appear  from  the  tenth  to  the  middle  of  April,  just  before  the  leaves,  in  subsessile  usually  five-flowered 
umbels  on  slender  pubescent  pedicels  from  one  half  to  five  eighths  of  an  inch  in  length.  The  calyx- 
tube  is  narrowly  obconic  and  villose,  with  acuminate  entire  lobes  villose  on  the  outer  surface  and 
tomentose  on  the  inner  surface.  The  petals  are  nearly  orbicular  and  abruptly  contracted  into  short 
claws.  The  filaments  are  glabrous,  and  the  pistil  is  villose  toward  the  base,  with  short  pale  hairs.  The 
fruit  ripens  in  July  and  is  short-oblong  or  subglobose,  dark  purple,  slightly  pruinose,  and  about  half 
an  inch  in  diameter,  with  thin  austere  flesh.  The  stone  is  ovoid,  pointed  at  the  ends,  somewhat 
compressed,  only  slightly  rugose,  acutely  ridged  on  the  ventral  suture,  with  a  broad  grooved  ridge, 
conspicuously  grooved  on  the  dorsal  suture,  and  about  one  third  of  an  inch  long,  with  thin  brittle  walls. 

Prunus  timbellata,  var.  injucunda,  is  common  about  the  base  of  Stone  Mountain  and  of  Little 
Stone  Mountain  in  the  granitic  district  of  De  Kalb  County,  central  Georgia,'  where  it  was  first  noticed 
in  July,  1893,  by  Mr.  John  K.  Small.'' 

From  Prunus  umbellata  of  the  south  Atlantic  and  Gulf  states  this  Plum-tree  differs  only  in  its 


'  Leaves  of  a  low  shrubby  Plum  gathered  by  Dr.  Charles  Mohr 
on  sandstoue  cliffs  at  the  summit  of  the  Alpine  Mountains,  Talla- 
dega County,  Alabama,  iu  September,  1802,  have  been  referred  by 
Small  to  his  Prunxu  injucunda.  (See  Mohr,  Bull.  Torrey  Bot.  Cluh, 
«vi.  118;  Contrib.  U.  S.  Nat.  Herb.  vi.  552  [Plant  Life  of  Alahama].) 

'  John  Kunkel  Small  (.lanuary  31,  1809)  was  bom  at  Harris- 
burg,  Pennsylvania,  of  (ierman  ancestry,  and  was  educated  in  pri- 
vate schools  in  his  native  city,  at  Franklin  and  Marshall  College 
and  Columbia  University.  A  natural  love  of  plants,  fostered  by 
that  of  his  father  and  mother  and  stimulated  by  visits  at  his  home 
from  Professor  Thomas  C.  Porter,  who  married  his  mother's  sister, 


early  directed  the  thoughts  of  the  boy  to  botany.  From  1892  to 
1891  he  held  a  botaniual  fellowship  in  Columbia,  and  in  1895  he 
received  the  degree  of  Ph.  D.  from  that  university,  and  was  ap- 
pointed curator  of  its  herbarium.  He  is  now  curator  of  the  museum 
and  herbarium  of  the  New  York  Botanical  Garden.  Since  1888 
Mr.  Small  has  been  active  in  exploring  the  flora  of  the  eastern 
and  southern  states,  and  has  published  numerous  botanical  papers, 
principally  in  the  Bulletin  of  the  Torrey  Botanical  C/ui,  in  which 
many  previously  undesoribed  species  have  been  distinguished. 
Species  iu  Xyria,  Sroilax,  Listern,  Pentstemon,  and  Senecio  com- 
memorate his  leal  in  this  fleld. 


22 


SILVA   OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


ROSACEA 


toinentose  young  branches,  its  tomentose  or  pubescent  leaves,  in  its  hairy  umbels,  tomentose  calyx  and 
pistil,  and  in  the  shape  of  the  fruit,  which  varies  from  subglobose  to  short-oblong.' 

■  Pniniu  umbellala  is  oft«n  quite  gUbroua  with  the  exception  of  the    Pluin-treea  which  grow  about  the  bu«  of  Stone   Mountain 

a  few  haira  along  the  under  lurface  of  the  ;oung  learei  and  the  there  are  plant*  which  are  pubewwDt  rather  than  tomeutoae,  and 

toiDpntum  on  the  inner  lide  of  the  oaljrx-lobc,  but  more  or  less  others  which  are  nearljr  glabrous, 
pubeaoant  indinduala  ooonr  in  widelj  aoattared  rcgioua,  and  among 


EXPLANATION  OF  THE  PLATE. 

P.'.ATif  DCXXXI.     Pkvnuh  umbellata.  var.  injucuxda. 

1.  A  flowering  branch,  natural  sice. 

2.  Vertical  section  of  a  flower,  enlarged. 

3.  A  frititing  branch,  natural  size. 

4.  Vertical  section  of  a  fruit,  ahowing  stone,  natural  aiie, 
6.  A  stone,  natural  aite. 


i 


ROSACEiG. 

1b,  tomentose  calyx  and 

;  the  \)Uf  of  Stone  Muuntain 
9nt  nther  than  tomeiituH,  and 


■i^'^f^ 


.31 


*) 


^ 


..mt. 


i:ii-A. 


B08A 


'  lU  hftiry  umbels,  t<iiiicnto«e  ciilyx  .' 
.  .'  to  ithor  oblong.' 

I  .  .ai  tn**-!*   whittb  grtjw  atMtut  tbfl  biiM»  of   Stuno   Mnm 
ato  plsutf  wbirh  arfl  pube»ci>iit  riktbvr  than  tunieuUMMt. 
•m  which  u«  DMiil;  gUliinui. 


^  rifiN   OF  THK   I'lATK. 

("Kuxni  UMMH.*'.*.   far.   iNavcfjjDA. 
■  ifJK  hranfh,  naUinkl  "ijt". 
i :  •«*ti.in  of  R  flower.  enUrged. 
.■lUafi  branch,  natural  aiw. 
■    >  u  tcdiaii  of  a  frait,  aboirtnK  •toiu',  iiatunl  »\i». 
4-'.'iiR.  natural  »i>«. 


.% 
i\%! 


h  i 

1 

i 

; 

■  \ 

I 

i,  ; 


R08At  » 

9,  toincntose  calyx  m 


tb*  bu«  nt  Stune  M»ii' 
lit  ratlicr  lh»n  toiiioutux 


Si'.va  of  North  America 


Tab    DCXXXl 


<9 


C  EFa^tmtM. 


0 


/fune^fy   -i-r- 


PRUNUS   UMBELI.ATA.VAR   IN  Jll  CUNDA,  Sar§ 


^  /?itHV-ffii.r  i///i\r 


Imp  J Tafi^ir  Piui. 


uK^iatmtki-inhmtn\mmiim 


i^^EI^ 


\] 


KOHACILB, 


SILVA   OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


23 


PRUNUS  TARDA. 


Sloe. 


Calyx-lobes  acuminate,  entire,  villose  on  the  outer,  tomentose  on  1/  e  inner  surface. 
Fruit  red,  yellow,  purple,  black,  or  blue.    Leaves  oblong  to  obovute. 

Prunus  tarda,  Sargent,  Bat.  Oaxette,  xxxiii.  108  (1902). 

A  tree,  from  twenty  to  twenty-five  feet  in  height,  with  a  tall  t^unk  eighteen  or  twenty  inches  in 
diameter,  and  wide-spreading  branches  forming  an  open  symmetrical  head.  The  bark  of  the  trunk  in 
light  brown  tinged  with  red,  from  one  half  to  five  eighths  of  an  inch  in  thickness,  and  divided  by 
■hallow  iuterrupted  fissures  into  flat  ridges  broken  on  the  surface  into  small  loose  plate-like  scales. 
The  branchlets  are  slender  and  marked  by  small  scattered  dark  lenticels,  and  when  they  first  appear 
they  are  light  green  and  coated  with  hoary  tomentum.  becoming  glabrous,  light  red-brown  and  lustrous 
,  during  their  first  summer,  and  darker  at  the  o  of  their  second  year,  when  they  lose  their  lustre. 
\  The  winter-buds  are  narrow,  acute,  the  color  of  .he  -  tnchlets,  and  from  one  sixteenth  to  one  eighth 
'  of  an  inch  in  length.  Tiie  leaves  are  oblonr  or  oi ...  'onally  somewhat  obovate,  acute  or  acuminate 
and  short-pointed  at  the  apex,  gradually  nau  iied  and  rounded  or  cuneate  at  the  base,  and  finely 
serrate,  with  straight  or  incurved  teeth  tipped  with  dark  minute  persistent  glands ;  as  they  unfold  they 
are  glabrous  or  rarely  scabrous  or  puberulous  bove  and  cinereo-tomentose  below,  and  at  maturity 
they  are  thick  and  firm  in  texture,  dark  vellow-green  and  glabrous  on  the  upper  surface,  pale  and 
pubescent  or  puberulous  on  the  lower  surf  particularly  along  the  prominent  light  yellow  midribs  and 
thin  primary  veins,  from  an  inch  and  a  hair  to  three  inches  long  and  from  three  quarters  of  an  inch 
to  an  inch  and  a  quarter  wide ;  they  are  borne  on  stout  tomentose  or  ultimately  pubescent  petioles 
which  vary  from  one  third  to  one  half  of  an  inch  in  length  and  are  furnished  at  the  apex  with  two 
large  round  stalked  dark  glands  or  are  often  eglandular.  The  stipules  are  acicular,  often  bright  red, 
and  about  a  third  of  an  inch  long.  The  flowers,  which  are  about  three  quarters  of  an  Inch  in  diameter, 
appear  early  in  April  with  or  before  the  leaves,  and  are  borne  in  subsessile  two  or  three-flowered 
umbels,  on  slender  glabrous  pedicels  from  five  eighths  to  three  quarters  of  an  inch  in  length.  The 
calyx-tube  is  narrowly  obconic,  glabrous  toward  the  base,  villose  above,  with  acute  entire  lobes  villose  on 
the  outer  surface  and  coated  on  the  inner  surface  with  thick  hoary  tomentum.  The  petals  are  oblong- 
obovate  and  gradually  contracted  below  into  short  claws.  The  filaments  and  pistils  are  glabrous.  The 
fruits,  which  ripen  late  in  October  or  early  in  November  and  sometimes  do  not  entirely  fall  until 
nearly  the  beginning  of  December,  are  borne  on  stout  rigid  peduncles,  and  vary  from  short-oblong  to 
subglobose  and  from  one  third  to  one  half  of  an  inch  in  length.  The  skin  is  tough  and  thick ;  and 
clear  bright  yellow  on  some  trees,  it  is  bright  red  on  others,  and  on  others  either  purple,  dark  blue,  or 
black.  The  flesh  is  thick  and  very  acid  and  adheres  firmly  to  the  stone,  which  is  ovoid,  more  or  less 
compressed,  very  rugose,  obscurely  ridged  on  the  ventral  suture  and  slightly  grooved  on  the  dorsal 
suture,  acute  and  apiculate  at  the  apex,  and  rounded  at  the  base. 

Prunus  tarda  inhabits  glades  and  open  woods  in  the  neighborhood  of  Marshall,  Texas,  where  it 
was  discovered  in  April,  1901,  by  W.  M-  Canby,  B.  F.  Bush,  and  C.  S.  Sargent,  and  ranges  to  western 
Louisiana  and  southern  Arkansas.  Resembling  in  many  of  its  characters  Prttnns  nmbellata,  with 
which  it  has  been  sometimes  confounded,  Prunus  tarda  is  well  distinguished  from  that  species  by  its 
remarkable  bark,  which  is  unlike  that  of  any  other  American  Plum-tree  and  which  is  hardly  to  be 
distinguished  from  that  of  Castanea  jmmUa,  growing  with  it,  by  the  pubescence  of  the  leaves,  which 


'm 


I ) 


\ 


ii 


94 


SILVA   OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


ROBACE/R. 


usually  doM  not  occur  on  thoae  of  the  ordinary  form  of  I'runuH  umbellata,  and  by  ita  varioualy  colorml 
and  unusually  lat«-riponing  fruit. 

The  fruit,  which  is  produced  in  great  quantities,  is  used  locally  in  pies  and  for  preeerres. 


KXPIANATION  OK  THE  PLATE. 

Platk  IX^XXXII.     Pbiikuk  tarda. 

1.  A  HowarinK  Imnrh,  nktursl  liie. 

2.  VVrtibal  Hrtion  of  ■  flower,  enlarged. 

3.  A  fruiting  branch,  natural  liie. 

4.  Vertical  eeetion  of  a  fruit,  nataral  iiu. 
6.  A  itone,  natural  eiie. 

6.  A  itona,  diridad  transTenaljr,  nataral  iiM. 


"7 


HOHACE/E. 

I  by  iU  Tarioualy  colored 
1  fur  preienru. 


A»»ne« 


?    * 


I  ' 


.S/i-tyi    '  /     M'HTH    AMKUICA.  hohao  n 

«!  fkm  MriikMrv  for*  >4  /'rumt*  ttmMlala,  ud  hj  ita  Tariotwly  oolurt 


TU  ftram  «Mi  M  fvwiMMa  Mt  gmn  fmmniltm,  w  wri  iMiBjr  in  piM  and  for  pn** 


iTvim. 


lixri  k.s*rirtN    <r  THK  IM^TR. 


(hi 


i! 


I  ■  I'Hi   Silt     I  AKI>A. 

<if  •  floirvr,  •nUrgtrf. 

Hkluiral  •ito 
•f  •  (ruil,  natural  aiia. 


1.     A   Ibi!!:!!;^ 

I.  VMtMi 
•i  4INM* 


MUTMl 

anil  hj  iU  Tariniuiljr  uolon 
bikI  fur  praMrvM. 


Tiilvi  fif  North  Am»ric« 


T»l).  DCXXXll 


^ 


I '.  £.'  Faa^on  <M  , 


lanau4i  .'>• 


PRUNUS    TARDA.  Gai-^. 


A  Jfi''cfeii.r  i/ift\f^ 


\P.  ^/ TIlfiT'ur  Pt'ri.'- 


l<OtSACKi& 


SILVA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


25 


FRUNUS  ALABAMENSIS. 
Wild  Cherry. 

CALYX-L0BE8  persistent.     Stone  ovoid,  compressed.     Leaves  oval,  broadly  ovate  or 
obovate,  pubescent  below. 


Pnmua  Alabamensis,  Mohr,  BiUl.  Torrey  Bot.  Club,  Txn. 
118  (1899) ;  Contrib.  U.  S.  Nat.  Serb.  vi.  552  (Plant 
Life  of  Alabama). 


Frunus  aerotina  neo-montana,  Mohr,  Contrib.  U.  S.  Nat. 
Herb.  vi.  652  (Plant  Life  of  Alabama)  (not  Sudworth) 
(1901). 


A  tree,  from  twenty-five  to  thirty  feet  in  height,  with  a  short  trunk  covered  with  dark  rough  bark 
^separating  freely  into  small  thin  scales  and  rarely  ten  inches  in  diameter,  and  spreading^  somewhat 
Idrooping  branches.  The  branchlets,  which  are  slender  and  marked  by  numerous  small  dark  lenticels, 
are  coated  when  they  first  appear  with  pale  tomentum  and  are  dark  red-brown  during  their  first 
season,  nearly  glabrous  before  winter,  and  much  darker  in  their  second  year.  The  leaves  are  oval, 
broadly  ovate,  or  occasionally  obovate,  acute,  short-pointed  or  rounded  at  the  apex,  cuneate,  rounc'ed, 
or  rarely  slightly  obcordate  at  the  base,  and  finely  serrate,  with  incurved  teeth  tipped  with  minute  or 
sometimes  near  the  base  of  the  blade  with  larger  dark  glands ;  when  they  unfold  they  are  coated  below 
and  on  the  upper  side  of  the  midribs  with  fine  pubescence,  and  at  maturity  they  are  thick  and  firm  in 
texture,  four  or  five  inches  long  and  usually  about  two  inches  wide,  dark  dull  green  and  glabrous  on 
the  upper  surface,  and  dull  and  covered  on  the  lower  surface  with  short  simple  or  forked  hairs  which 
lengthen,  are  most  abundant  and  sometimes  rufescent  on  the  slender  midribs  and  primary  veins ;  they 
are  borne  on  short  grooved  tomentose  ultimately  pubescent  petioles  which  are  eglandular  or  occasionally 
furnished  near  the  apex  with  one  or  two  large  dark  glands.  The  stipules  are  lanceolate,  acuminate, 
glandular-serrate,  bright  red  like  the  accrescent  inner  bud-scabs,  about  half  an  inch  long,  and  caducous. 
The  flowers,  which  appear  during  the  first  week  of  May  when  the  leaves  are  about  half  grown,  are 
produced  on  spreading  or  erect  pubescent  racemes  three  or  four  inches  long,  and  are  borne  on 
pubescent  pedicels  from  the  axils  of  ovate  or  obovate  acuminate  bright  pink  caducous  bracts;  they 
are  about  one  quarter  of  an  inch  in  diameter  when  fully  expanded,  with  a  broad  cup-shaped  puberuloas 
calyx-tube,  short  almost  triangular  calyx-lobes,  white  nearly  orbicular  petals  abruptly  narrowed  into 
short  claws,  glabrous  filaments  and  pistil,  and  a  thick  club-shaped  stigma.  The  fruit  ripens  late  in 
September  and  is  subglobose  or  short-oblong,  surrounded  at  the  base  by  the  persistent  calyx  and 
filaments  of  the  flower,  one  third  of  an  inch  in  diameter,  and  dark  red  or  finally  nearly  black.  The 
8t»ne  is  ovoid,  somewhat  compressed,  ridged  on  the  ventral  margin,  with  a  broad  low  ridge,  slightly 
grooved  on  the  dorsal  margin,  and  a  quarter  of  an  inch  long. 

Prunus  AldbamensM  grows  on  a  few  of  the  summits  of  the  low  mountains  of  central  Alabama,'  and 

[  was  discovered  in  July,  1892,  by  Dr.  Charles  Mohr.^     It  is  well  distinguished  from  Prunus  serotina 

I  by  its  usually  oval  comparatively  broader  and  less  acuminate  dull  leaven  pubescent  on  the  lower  surface, 

I  by  its  pubescent  racemes  and  calyx,  and  by  the  fact  that  it  flowers  and  ripens  its  fruit  several  weeks 

later  in  the  season  than  that  species. 

Kooky  heights  of  the  Alpine  Mountaina,  Talladega  County,  at     piers'  Mountain,  Childersburg,  Talladega  County,  0.  D.  Beadle, 

tvo  thousand  feet  altitude,  C.  Mohr,  September,  1802,  and  Septem-      1899. 

;  ber,  1893  ;  •nminit  of  Red  Mountain,  Itirmingham,  at  an  elevation         "  See  iv.  00.    Dr.  Mohr  died  at  Asheville,  North  Carolina,  on  the 

I  of  one  thousand  feet,  C.  Mohr,  May,  1808,  C.  S.  Sargent,  October,      17th  of  .Inly,  1001,  only  a  few  days  before  the  p\iblication  by  the 

1898,  April,  1000,  C.  I).  Beadle,  July,  1809 ;  Talladega  and  Crura-     United  States  of  his  Plant  Life  of  Alabama,  his  most  important 

botanical  work. 


,j 


sf  ' 


i 


EXPLANATION  OF  THE  PLATE. 

Plate  IX'XXXIII.     Pritnus  Alabamensis. 

1.  A  flowerinj;  l>raiirli,  natural  size. 

2.  Part  of  a  raci'iiit!  of  flowers,  natural  size. 
.'{.  Vertical  seetion  of  a  flower,  enlarged. 

4.  A  fruiting  branch,  natural  size. 

f).  A  stone,  enlarf^ed. 

6.  Vertical  section  of  a  fruit,  enlarged. 


'J,  mmivimrtmiim'fimmnitm 


.>^ 


,  (KIN  OK  ym:  im^te. 

I      It'  li^  \XK1II.     I'BtrMii)  Alabamknhi!!. 
'     V.  *< xnerini;  lirauch,  nauiiikl  lito. 

■      t  m(  «  nkcrinH  o*  n.  '«i-,i,  natural  »\tt, 
t    Vrriiml  •«^ti(>n  of  A  i)  '-^'^r,  enUrgetl. 
4    A  (ruiUng  tiTKiieh,  Dhi-  ml  ^i>p. 

'■cal  Wf'.inn  ,,i  i  fniit,  ciual^tHl. 


Silva  of  North  America 


Tal    DCXXXIIL 


I 


II. 


FRUNUS   ALAEAMENSIS,  Mohr 


JCrn-Nuruiii  so 


^ Jii%^< f>Sul   Jut\v^ 


Imp  J  71m*  -itr,  y,u 


1 

•-•  : 

i 

t/      •    r 

j  1  ' 

1  ,{,;. 

ROBACKA 


8ILVA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


27 


OEROOOARPUS  BREVIFLORUS. 

Mountain  Mahogany. 
Leaves  oblong-obovate  to  narrowly  elliptic,  rounded  or  acute  at  the  apex. 


CeroooarpuB  breviflorus,  Gray,  Smithsonian  Contrib.  t. 

64  (PL  Wright,  ii.)  (1853).  —  Walpers,  Ann.  iv.  665.— 

Flemiiley,  Bot.  Biol.  Am.  Cent.  i.  .i73. 
Cercooarpus  parvifolius,  Hpmsley,  Bot.  Biol.  Am.  Cent. 

i.  374  (in  imrt)  (not  Nuttoll)  (1879).  — Sargent,  Silva  N. 

Am.  iv.  65  (in  part). 


CeroooRTpus  parvifolius.  var.  breviflorus,  M.  E.  Jones, 

2:o«',ii.  245(1891):  iii.  205. 
Coroooarpus  pauoidentatus,  Britten  &  Kearney,  Tram. 

N.  Y.  Acad.  xiv.  31  (probably  not  Cercocarpus  parvifo- 

lixa,  var.  paucidentatits,  Watson)  (1894). 


A  tree,  from  twenty  to  twenty-five  feet  tall,  with  a  long  straight  stem  sometimes  six  or  eight 
inches  in  diameter,  and  erect  rigid  branches  forming  a  narrow  open  or  irregular  head ;  or  frequently 
shrubby  with  numerous  clustered  stems  often  only  a  few  feet  in  height.'  The  bark  of  the  trunk  is 
about  one  eighth  of  an  inch  in  thickness,  divided  by  shallow  fissures  and  broken  on  the  surface  into 
small  light  red-brown  scales.  The  branchlets  are  slender,  rigid,  bright  red-brown,  lustrous,  marked 
irregularly  by  large  scattered  pale  lenticels,  and  when,  they  first  appear  arc  covered  with  a  thick  coat  of 
hoary  tomentum  which,  gradually  disappearing,  leaves  them  villose  or  pubescent  for  two  or  three  years, 
and  ultimately  ashy  gray  or  gray  tinged  with  red,  the  spur-like  lateral  branchlets  being  much  roughened 
by  the  r'.ng-like  scars  of  fallen  leaves.  The  leaves  vary  from  oblong-obovate  to  narrowly  elliptic,  and 
are  acute  or  rounded  and  often  apiculate  at  the  apex,  gradually  narrowed  from  above  the  middle  and 
acute  at  the  base,  with  margins  which  are  revolute,  often  undulate,  and  entire  or  dentate  toward  the 
apex,  -nith  few  small  straight  or  incurved  apiculate  teeth  ;  when  they  unfold  they  are  coated  with  hoary 
tomentum,  and  at  maturity  they  are  thick,  gray-green  on  the  upper  surface,  pale  on  the  lower  surface, 
covered  with  soft  pale  hairs  which  are  most  abundant  on  the  under  side  of  the  stout  midribs  and 
primary  veins,  from  one  half  of  an  inch  to  an  inch  long,  and  usually  about  one  quarter  of  an  inch 
wide ;  they  are  borne  on  stout  tomentose  petioles  which  ultimately  sometimes  become  light  red  in 
color  and  are  pubescent  or  nearly  glabrous.  The  stipules  are  linear-lanceolate,  tomentose,  about  as  long 
as  the  petioles,  and  caducous.  The  flowers,  which  appear  from  March  to  May,  and  often  again  in 
August,  are  nearly  sessile,  and  soUtary  or  in  pairs  in  the  axils  of  the  crowded  leaves.  The  calyx-tube 
is  slender  and  varies  from  one  sixteenth  to  one  quarter  of  an  inch  in  length,  and  like  the  short  rounded 
calyx-lobes  is  coated  on  the  outer  surface  with  dense  white  tomentum.  The  mature  calyx-tube  is 
stalked,  spindle-shaped,  light  red  brown,  pubescent  above,  tomentose  toward  the  base,  deeply  cleft  at  the 
apex,  and  about  a  quarter  of  an  inch  long.  The  akene  is  nearly  terete  and  covered  with  long  white 
hairs,  which  also  clothe  the  persistent  style." 

Cercocarpus  hrevijlorus  grows  in  forests  of  Pines  and  Oalts  on  the  dry  ridges  of  the  mountains  of 
southern  Arizona  and  New  Mexico,  and  of  the  extreme  western  part  of  Texas,'  usually  at  elevations  of 


'  The  wood  specimen  of  Cercocarpus  breviflorus  in  the  Jesup 
Collection  of  North  American  WooJs  in  the  American  Miueuni 
of  Natural  History,  New  York,  is  six  inches  in  diameter  inside 
the  bark,  and  shows  forty-seven  layers  of  annual  growth,  the  sap- 
wood  being  one  siitecnth  of  an  inch  in  thickness,  with  sixteen  layers 
ot  annual  growth. 

'  Since  the  fourth  volume  of  this  work  was  published  I  have 
revisited  southern  Arizona  and  restudicd  the  pci-uliar  Ccruocarpus 
which  grows  in  the  mountain  forests  of  thid  region,  and,  flnding  its 


characters  constant  and  the  trees  always  easily  distinguishable 
from  those  growing  in  other  parts  of  the  country,  I  believe  that  it 
can  be  best  treated  as  n  species  ;  or  if  it  is  still  to  be  considered 
only  a  geographical  variety  of  the  extremely  variable  Cercocarpus 
pnrfijinrus,  that  it  is  worthy  of  a  plate  in  The  Si!m  of  Horlh 
Atnerica. 

'  Foothills  of  the  Guadaloupe  Mountains,  Harard,  1882  (No. 
240  in  Herb.  Gray). 


I 


i  1 


'   ! 


aiLVA   OF  NORTH  AMElilCA. 


R08ACE.E. 


over  five  thuuBand  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea,  and  ranges  southward  ov<«r  some  of  the  mountains  of 
northern  Mexico.'  It  was  discovered  near  Frontera,  New  Mexico,  in  July,  1851,  by  Mr.  Charli's 
WriRht.' 


'  Chih  ilium  Thufbcr,  Aiigmt,  1852  (No.  772  in  Herb.  Oiny). 
Ilnon,  Smurs,  lUrtniuiiii,  Ism  ( ArchnuluginI  Ki{HHlitioii  to 
Northweatern  Meiico,  No.  WKl)  (In  Horb.  Gimjr), 


'  8m  i,  M. 


EXPLANATION  OK  THK   PLATE. 

Platk  DCXXXIV.    Cebcocarpuh  BRr.%iri,OROT. 

1.  A  ilun'mn^  liranrli,  natural  size. 

2.  A  Howcr.  enlarged. 

.■?.   Vertical  ncction  of  a  flower,  cnlar|j«d. 

4.  All  arither,  enlarge;!. 

G.  A  fruiting  branch,  natural  size. 

6.  A  fruit,  enlargeil. 

7.  Vertiral  sertimi  of  a  fruit,  enlarged. 

8.  A  seed,  enlarged. 


!  h         it 


B08ACE.& 


lie  of  thu  nioiinUiiiig  of 
1851,  by  Mr.  Charles 


4. 


' 


SJlt'A    t>y  NOHTIl  A.UKliff  A. 


tiO«a 


<«  ih*  Urti  ij  the  M».  atiil  r«nK««i  iM>utKw»ri|  over  Home  of  thi>  inoiiut-; 
-.o.wwl  MM  I'nMivnL   Nd*  Mesuti,  in  July,   IMl,  by  Mr.  < 


•  Hw  i.  Ul. 


>  :  ION   (IK    niK    I'l.ATK. 

VIV.    (Vm  ,K  *iim'«  HKKvirr.oRim. 
•  crinK  hruirli.  nstiirftl  iiiie. 
'«»r.  ciilar|;r<<i 
■  '■■mi  nvrtiini  (.if  a  Hownr,  Pii1iirK«<l. 
•iitli«r,  *iil*ri:«il. 
«  Imilitift  limiirli,  natiirsi  nit*. 
1    A  hviu  piilar^-ml. 

V»rtic*l  iMwumi  of  »  fruit,  eiilargnt. 
^  1>^«<l.  rnlargni 


U" 


Hoiiin  of  tlio  mount'. 
y,   ItWl,  by  Mr.  « 


Ansrnoa 


Tab    1)1  XX.CV 


CERCOCARPUS  BREVIFLORUS,    ^r-av 


Sm.//!fTut/t/  . 


A  /fu\rmuyJu^i' 


/nuf  . 


,:fit'ur  /iirw 


I 


i 


c^ 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


<.^.«*5^ 


4^ 


1.0 


I.I 


■so    "^^      ■■■ 

■^  Ui2   |22 
2.0 


us 


I 

Inn! 


i£ 


IL25     1.4   ||.6 

II II           nil  ^^ 

< 

6"     

► 

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7 


Hiotf^raphic 

Sciences 

Corporation 


23  WIST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER, NY.  MSSO 

(71«)872-4S03 


4? 


ROSACEA  SILVA   OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


GEBOOOABPUS  TBASKI^. 
Leaves  broadly  oval  to  orbicular,  cinereo-tomentose  on  the  lower  surface. 

Cerooosrpus  TraskieB,  Eaatwood,  Proe.  Col.  Acad.  ser.  3,  i.  136, 1. 11,  f.  7a-7e  (1898). 

A  tree,  occasionally  twenty-five  feet  in  height,  with  stout  wide-spreading  branches,  and  with  a  trunk 
which  is  often  inclining,  usually  much  contorted,  from  two  to  ten  inches  in  diameter  and  from  six  to 
eight  feet  long  to  the  first  branches,  and  which  is  covered  with  smooth  light  gray-brown  bark  sometimes 
slightly  broken  by  shallow  fissures  and  marked  by  irregular  cream-colored  blotches.  The  branchlets 
are  stout,  marked  by  numerous  small  scattered  lenticels,  coated  at  first  with  hoary  tomentum,  bright 
reddish  brown  during  two  or  three  years,  ultimately  dark  grray-brown  and  conspicuously  roughened  by 
the  enlarged  ring-like  leaf-scars.  The  leaves  are  oval  or  semiorbicular,  rounded  or  acute  at  the  apex, 
cuneate,  rounde.l,  or  occasionally  somewhat  cordate  at  the  narrow  base,  and  revolute  at  the  margins,  which 
are  entire  below  the  middle  and  coarsely  sinuate-dentate  above,  with  slender  teeth  tipped  with  minute  dark 
glands ;  when  they  unfold  covered  above  with  soft  pale  hairs  and  below  with  thick  hoary  tomentum, 
at  maturity  they  are  coriaceous,  dark  green  and  lustrous  on  the  upper  surface,  cinereo-tomentose  on 
the  lower  surface,  from  an  inch  and  a  half  to  two  inches  long  and  from  an  inch  to  an  inch  and  a 
half  wide,  with  prominent  primary  veins  running  obliquely  to  the  points  of  the  teeth  and,  like  the 
stout  midribs,  conspicuously  impressed  on  the  upper  side,  and  stout  tomentose  petioles  about  a 
quarter  of  an  inch  long.  The  flowers,  which  are  nearly  Bessile  in  axillary  many-flowered  umbels  and 
appear  early  in  March,  are  coated  on  the  outer  surface  with  thick  white  tomentiun,  and  vary  from  one 
half  to  three  quarters  of  an  inch  in  length.  The  calyx  is  broad  and  abruptly  i^iarged  into  the  broad 
campanukte  five-toothed  border  which  is  glabrous  on  the  inner  surface.  The  authors  are  tomentose, 
with  short-oblong  cells  united  by  a  broad  connective.  The  fruiting  calyx  is  spindle-shaped,  light 
reddish  brown,  villose-pubescent,  deeply  cleft  at  the  apex,  and  about  half  an  inch  in  length.  The  akene 
is  slightly  ridged  on  the  back,  one  third  of  ah  inch  long,  covered  with  long  lustrous  white  hairs,  and 
tipped  with  the  persistent  hairy  style  which  varies  from  an  inch  and  a  half  to  two  inches  in  length. 

Cercocarpus  Traskice  inhabits  the  south  coast  of  Santa  Catalina  Island,  southern  California,  where 
it  grows  only  on  the  steep  sides  of  a  deep  narrow  hot  arroyo  with  walls  only  a  few  feet  apart  and  rising 
to  a  height  of  from  one  hundred  to  five  hundred  feet,  in  a  broken  volcanic  and  inaccessible  region. 
Here  forty  or  fifty  individuals  of  this  tree,  growing  at  elevations  varying  from  two  hundred  to  three 
hundred  feet  above  the  sea-level,  with  Adenostoma  fascicnlattim,  Rhns  integrifolia,  Rhus  ovata,  and 
Ceanot/iHs  cuneatus,  var.  macrocarpus,  were  discovered  in  March,  1897,  by  Mrs.  Blanche  Trask.' 

Cercccarptis  Traskia,  with  its  large  leaves  dark  green  and  lustrous  above  and  white  below,  and  its 
numerous  clusters  of  snow-white  flowers,  is  the  most  beautiful  species  of  the  genus.'' 


>  Luella  Blanche  Tnuk  was  born  Engle,  July  2C,  1865,  at  Wa- 
terloo, Iowa.  For  seven  yean  Mrs.  Traslc  has  liTod  at  Aralon,  on 
Santa  Catalina  Island,  which  she  has  explored  with  enthusiasm  and 
success.  In  1807  she  made  a  collection  of  plants  on  San  Nicholas, 
a  snail  reef-bound  island  fifty  miles  to  the  westward  of  Santa 
Catalina,  which  she  was  the  first  woman  to  visit ;  and  on  San  Cle- 
mente  she  made  interesting  diseoveries  in  189C.  (See  Erylhia,  viii. 
107.)    Mrs.  Trask  has  written  Tht  Heart  of  Catalina,  published  in 


The  Land  of  Sumhine,  and  has  made  several  other  contributions  to 
that  magaiine. 

'  Very  unlike  the  other  species  whhh  inhabit  the  United 
States,  Cercocarpu*  Traskia  most  resembles  the  Mexican  CercO' 
carpus  fotkergiHoides,  from  which  it  differs  in  its  broader  often 
orbicular  thicker  and  more  coarsely  dentate  leaves,  in  its  larger 
and  more  tomentose  flowers  with  stouter  calyx-tubes  and  broader 
calyx-lobes,  and  in  its  tomentose  anthers. 


|!      •« 


\i    ;• 


ii 


M  ^ 


EXPLANATION  OF  THE  PLATE. 

Platb  DCXXXV.    Cebcocarfub  Ttuuaux. 

1.  A  flowering  branch,  natural  aize. 

2.  Vertical  lection  of  a  flower,  enlarged. 

3.  A  stamen,  enlarged. 

4.  A  fruiting  branch,  natural  size. 

5.  Vertical  section  of  a  fruit,  enlarged. 

6.  A  seed,  enlarged. 

7.  An  embiyo,  enlarged. 


It    t 


:; 


i  M 


t    :, 


*.Xl»LASAnON  OK    rHK   PLATE. 


V'mt.  IXJXXXV     (.'kr'oaki-i;!!  Tbaskij!. 
i.    A  ttowerinK  hranrli.  iiutiinU  »ue. 
1'    Verticn)  iwotnm  of  a  tluwtr,  enlarged. 
'i.  A  atjunnn.  rnUrged. 
4.  A  fruiliug  branch,  natural  aits. 
r>.  VBrti''.il  tM-tion  <>f  a  fruit,  enlarged. 

6.  A  »«(«J   fiOarj^ed. 

7.  An  embryo,  anlarf^Mt. 


f! 


W 


BOOA 


Cratt 
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neces 
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work, 
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and  : 
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the  I 


BOttACKiT. 


BILVA   OF  NOBTH  AMERICA. 


31 


ORAT^GUS. 

In  the  fourth  volume  of  this  work,  published  in  1892,  fourteen  species  with  four  varieties  of 
Cratffigus  were  described.  During  the  ten  years  which  have  passed  since  that  volume  appeared,  the 
genus  has  received  much  attention  from  the  students  of  trees  in  the  United  States,  and  a  large  number 
of  forms  previously  unknown  have  been  characterized.  A  number  of  these  are  now  described  and 
figured  in  this  volume.  In  addition  to  these  are  now  known  zovnrol  shrubby  species  which  ^o  not 
necessarily  find  a  place  in  a  work  devoted  to  trees,  and  a  number  of  trees  -it hich  are  imperfectly  known. 
To  study  these  sufBciently  to  bring  them  into  this  Silvn  would  require  suveral  years  of  additional  field 
work,  and  an  attempt  to  include  them  all  would  delay  perhaps  indefinitely  ihe  appearance  of  these 
supplementary  volumes.  The  fact,  therefore,  must  be  ncognized  that  this  Silva  does  not  include  all 
the  arborescent  forms  of  Crataegus  which  are  now  known  to  exist  in  North  America.  These  must  find 
their  places  in  some  later  wo.'k  of  North  American  dendrology. 

In  this  study  of  the  genus  particular  attention  is  paid  to  the  number  of  stamens  and  the  color 
of  the  anthers  as  important  characters  'or  distinguishing  species.  The  simplest  arrangement  of  stamens 
in  the  flowers  of  Crataegus  is  in  one  series  of  five  stamens  which  are  opposite  the  sepals  and  alternate 
with  the  petals.  In  certain  species  these  five  stamens  split,  and  there  are  then  ten  stamens  in  five  pairs 
opposite  the  sepals,  but  in  some  individuals  this  division  is  only  partial,  and  flowers  of  species  which 
normally  have  ten  stamens  are  occasionally  found  with  from  seven  to  nine  stamens.  In  some  npecies 
ihe  one  row  of  five  pairs  of  stamens  is  supplemented  by  a  second  and  inner  row  of  five  stamens  which 
are  rather  shorter  than  the  stamens  of  tuci  outer  row  and  are  opposite  the  petals.  Some  of  the  stamens 
of  this  second  row  may  not  develop,  and  the  whr/c  number  may  vary  from  eleven  to  fifteen.  In 
some  species  there  is  a  third  row  of  five  stamens  which  are  shoii»r  than  those  of  the  second  row  and 
alterijate  with  them.  Species  with  the  three  rows  of  stamens  have  therefore  normally  twenty  stamens, 
bat  one  or  more  of  the  inner  row  may  not  develop,  and  specier.  with  normally  twenty  stamens  have 
rometimes  a  number  which  may  vary  from  sixteen  to  twenty.  In  a  small  group  of  shrubby  southern 
species  there  is  sometimes  a  four-h  row  and  twenty-five  stamens.  The  flowers  of  Crattegus  then 
have  normally  five  stamens  in  one  row,  ten  stamens  in  one  row  of  five  pairs,  fifteen  stamens  in  two 
rows,  twenty  stamens  in  three  rowii,  and  rarely  twenty-five  s*^amens  in  four  rows,  tlie  number  in  each 
group  varying  by  the  suppression  of  one  or  more  of  the  stamens. 

The  color  of  the  anthers,  which  are  either  pale  yellow  or  various  shades  of  rose  color  or  purple, 
generally  affords  a  constant  specific  character.  In  Crutcegua  puncfata,  however,  the  anthers  ure  rose 
color  on  some  trees  and  yelio\7  "u  others,  tre^''  .f ith  yellow  anthers  usually  producing  yellow  fruit  and 
those  with  red  anthers  red  fruit.  In  some  parts  of  New  England  there  is  a  Thorn  which  is  still  very 
imperfectly  known,  and  which  apparently  diffi3rB  from  Cratmgus  pruinosa  with  its  rose-colored  anthers 
oni)  in  i*s  pale  yellow  anthers,  and  there  are  indications  that  Cratcegus  Crus-galli  in  the  middle  states 
and  in  Missouri  sometimes  at  least  has  flowers  with  yellow  anthers.  But  these  vuriations,  except  in  che 
case  of  CrutcfguK  punctata,  must  not  be  considered  conclusive,  for  it  is  not  improbable  that  besides  the 
color  of  the  anthers  there  may  be  other  characters  which  will  make  it  p'^ssible  to  distinguish  these  ^^nts 
specifically.  Flowers  with  from  five  to  ten  stamens  usually  have  two  or  three  styles  and  nutlets,  while 
the  species  with  fifteen  stamens  or  more  have  generally  five  but  often  four  styles  and  nutlets.   There  are. 


' 


M      1 


f\ 


i 


I 

.    I 


32 


SUVA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


ROSACIil. 


however,  leveral  varutioni  from  thia  arrangement,  and  the  nijnber  of  itylet  and  nutleta  appean  a  leu 
■atiifactory  character  for  diatuig^iahing  Hpe^ieM  than  the  number  of  itamena.  The  nature  and  amount 
of  the  hairy  covering  of  the  young  branvhleta,  leaves,  and  calyx,  and  the  time  of  flowering  and  of  the 
ripening  and  fal'Ing  of  the  fruit  of  Cratagua  alio  afford  uaeful  oharacton  for  determining  species.' 


>  In  Uiit  iMtudj  of  th*  |«iiiu  Cntagu*  I  bar*  bMn  kMiiUd  hj 
maay  corrMpondanU,  partiouUrly  hj  Mr.  C.  I>.  BMdU  oi  tlM 
Biltmora  li^rbwiain,  Mr.  WiUUm  M.  Canbj  of  Wilmington,  Dal- 
•w,ir*,  Mr.  B.  F.  Buth  uf  Conrtiw;,  Mimouri,  Mr.  E.  J.  Hill  of 
CUo^(o,  niinoii,  Mr.  D.  W.  BmHU  of  Toronto,  UnUirio,  Mr.  C. 
C.  Unajr  and  Mr.  John  Dunbu  of  th«  Park  Otpartmant  of  th* 


eltjr  of  Koobattar,  Naw  York,  Miia  Kmnui  J.  Cola  of  Grand 
Kapida,  Miehisan,  Mr.  J.  O.  Jaak  of  tha  Arnold  Arboratiun,  Mr. 
A.  H.  Curtiia  of  JaakioarUla,  Florida,  Mr.  Juliua  Rat anhoo  of 
Dallaa,  Taiaa,  and  Mr.  J.  B.  8.  Norton  of  tha  Miiaouri  Botanical 
Uaidaa. 


CONSPECTUS  OP  THE  NORTH  AMERICAN  ARBORESCENT  SPECIES. 

MaoBOOAiiriB. 

Fruit  medinui  nM,  black  or  blae ;  nutlata  6,  grooTed  or  ridged  on  tb*  beek ;  eorymba  many- 
Bowarad.     Mtlanoearpm. 

LaaTca  broadly  orate  to  oblong-orata.     FVuit  black 1.  DouoLikJn.' 

Leavea  rhomhio  or  oral.     Fruit  bloe-blaek 2.  kaliona. 

Laaraa  oblon ^-laoceolate  to  orata.    Fruit  bright  blue 3.  bhachtaoaxtra. 

Fmit  medittm  aixe,  duJ  red  or  green  tinged  with  red  (except  Noa.  6,  7,  10, 13,  and  16),  often 
tligfatljr  pruinoae;  notleta  2  or  3  (Noa.  9,  3-4,  11,  3-6),  obtuie,  prominently  ridged  on  the 
back ;  corymbe  manjr-flowered  i  leavee  aabeoriaoaoiu  (ezeept  Noe.  8,  11,  and  13),  dark  green 
and  luitroua.     Cnu-gtUli 
Stunena  10. 
Anthera  roae  color  or  purple. 

Leavee  oboTate-cuneiform  to  broadly  ovate 4.  Cai7e.aALLl. 

Leavee  oblongoral  to  ovale,  oaually  acute 6.  Cambvi. 

Leavee  obovate  or  elliptieal,  villoae 6.  EKOtXMANNl. 

Leavee  oborate,  uaually  ahort-poinled 7.  Pboribniu. 

Leavee  thin,  oblong-obovate  to  oval  or  broadly  ovata 8.  rcdnda. 

Anthera  pmbably  yrllow  (No.  11  doubtful). 

Le«Te«  broadly  oral  to  obotate 0.  bbkota. 

LeaTea  oval  to  oblongH>bovata,  acute  or  acuminate    .    , 10.  ACimroLlA. 

Leavee  thin,  oborate,  rounded  or  acute 11.  riomata. 

Stamena  20. 
Anthers  roae  color. 

Leavn  obovate  to  elliptieal 12.  Bcsan. 

Leavea  thin,  obovate,  rounded  at  the  apex,  villoae 13.  REKBiRirOLlA. 

LeaTca  oblongH>boTate,  acute,  acabraia 14.  kdita. 

Antliers  yellow. 

Leaves  usually  obovat<s  acute 15.  MoHKl. 

Fruit  medium  site,  rnl  or  green,  often  Bli(;litly  fire-e'ifrled,  pruinoae ;  nutlets  S,  more  or  less 
grooved  on  the  back  ;  rorynibs  many-flowere<l ;  stamena  20 ;  anthers  rose  color ;  leaves  blue- 
green,  Bubooriaceous,  nearly  glabrous.     Pmino*ir. 

Leaves  elliptical  tu  ovate 16.  PRumOHA. 

Leaves  ovate,  nriite  nr  acuminate        17.  GkoroiamA. 

r  rul'.  metiium  size,  gi  .'>cnish  red  or  yellow ;  nutlets  3-6,  ridged  on  the  back ;  corymbs  few- 
flowered  ;  leave!<  sulicoriace' lus,  yellow-green.     Intrieatu'. 
Stamens  10  ;  antliers  yell<>T. 

I^saves  ovate  or  oval 18.  liov.VTOM. 

Sl.imenii  l.'i-'JO  ;  anthers  yellow. 

Leaves  oval  to  ovate,  a>:ute 19.  vrnurta. 


15.   MUHKI. 


R08ACM.  aiLVA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA.  S 

Stamtai  20 1  tDtbtn  dark  porpU. 

Lmtm  0Tat»oblang  to  tlliptiMkl 20.  Samikti. 

Fruit  Urgf ,  red  or  jrellow,  ooiupleuoutly  punctat*  i  nutltti  luuitlly  6,  promintotly  ridgad  on  th* 
back ;  eorjrmlM  many-flowtrtd  i  ttanrai  20 1  antben  roM  color  (oeoailonaUy  jrallow  In  No. 
31).    PuncUUa. 

LeavM  oboTat»«unaifomi,  promlnantly  T«in«d 21.  puitctata.' 

LeavM  ioborbioular  to  oral  or  rartly  oblong 22.  iirMBBioirLATA. 

Fmlt  mtdinm  liu,  globoM  (lubgloboM  in  No.  2S),  r«d  or  ytUow  i  notlatt  2  or  3,  or  0,  promt- 
ntntly  ridgtd  on  tb«  back  i  ooryuba  many-flowartd,  villoM.     CoUinm. 
Stamen*  20. 

LaavM  oborata  to  oval,  aiata  i  antbtn  pal*  yellow 33.  oollwa. 

Learec  rhorobio  to  obovata  i  anthen  roae  oolor 24.  iOMDiDA. 

LeaT'-'OTal  tooboratai  antitar*  dark  rad 20.  Bkaxobia. 

Stamen*  10. 

Learee  obovata  to  broadly  oTal  i  anthan  wbita 20.  LnriMiAXi. 

LaaTeeoboTata-oblongi  antban  roea-eolorad 27.  phatuwi. 

Fruit  Urge,  lubgloboea  to  pyriform,  warlet,  often  edible ;  nutlet*  ninally  6,  oeoationally  4,  tUn, 
pointed  at  the  end*,  n*ually  obecurely  grooved  or  iligbtly  ridged  on  the  back ;  eoiymbe  many- 
flowered,  tomentoae  or  pubaaeant  t  laavee  broad,  rounded,  cordata  or  oonaate  at  the  ba*a. 
MoUm. 
Stamen*  20. 

Anthen  light  yellow. 

Leave*  broadly  ovate,  thick  and  6rro 28.  mollu. 

Leave*  oblongHivata  to  oval,  eoriacaoui 29.  Abkansana. 

Leavee  obIongK>vate,  membranaeeou* 30.  sbra. 

Leavee  ovate,  ouneata  at  the  ba*e 31.  CANAonnu. 

Leave*  oblong-obovate  to  oval,  enneata  at  the  baaa 32.  BmLANDmi. 

Anther*  ro*a  color. 

Leave*  broadly  ovate,  eoneave.onneata  at  the  baaa 33.  Tixana. 

Leavee  oval  to  obovate,  rounded  or  sunaata  at  the  baaa 34.  qvkboixa. 

Leavee  oval  to  broadly  ovate,  coneata  at  the  baaa 36.  pmiroBMn. 

Leave*  ovate,  Inetrou*,  gUbrou* 36.  oobvrca. 

Stamen*  10. 
Anther*  light  yellow. 

Leave*  ovate,  ouneate  at  the  ba*e 37.  submollu. 

Leave*  brcadly  ovate  or  oval,  moetly  rounded  or  truncate  at  the  broad  baee  ....    38.  Abnolpiana. 

Leave*  ovate,  moetly  rounded  or  truncate  at  the  broad  baaa 39.  CuAMPLAiN'EMSig. 

Anthen  ro*e  color. 

Leave*  ovate,  acute,  moitly  broadly  cuneate  at  the  baee 40.  anomala. 

Leave*  oval,  rounded  or  broadly  cuneate  at  the  baaa 41.  Ellwanobbiana. 

Leave*  oval,  rounded  at  the  ba*a 42.  Pbinqlei. 

Fmit  large,  subgloboae,  scarlet ;  fruiting  calyx  much  enlarged,  prominent,  the  lobe*  dark  red 
on  tlie  upper  lide  toward  the  baee ;  nutlet*  6,  ridged  on  the  back ;  corymbs  many  or  few- 
flowered,  (lightly  villoie ;  atamens  20 ;  anthen  roie  color ;  leaves  membranaceous,  on 
vigorouH  sboola  a*  broad  or  broader  than  long.     DUaiattr. 

Leaves  broadly  ovate  ;  corymb*  broad,  many-flowered 43.  dilatata. 

Leaves  broadly  ovate ;  corymb*  compact,  few-flowerod 44,  coccinioidbs. 

Fruit  large  to  medium  size,  oblong,  ecarlet ;  nutlets  3-6,  prominently  grooved  and  usually 
ridged  on  the  back ;  corymbe  many-flowered,  glabrous  or  tomentose ;  stamens  5-16.  £oiu- 
latm. 

Anthen  dark  purple. 
Leaves  ovate  to  oblong-ovate,  acutely  lobed,  membranaceous,  dark  yellow-green     .     .    45.  lobulata. 

Leaves  oval  or  ovate,  thick  and  firm,  pale  yellow-green 4b.  Holmesiana. 

Leaves  broadly  ovate  or  oval,  dark  green,  scabrate 47.  fkoicellata. 

Leaves  oval  to  obovate,  acuminate 48.  bcabrida. 


ill 


fh 


34  8ILVA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA.  namrtM. 

fn,\i  mMiHupi  (iM,  oUoig  (globoM  ui«l  gTMnUh  r«l  In  No.  (I'J),  oriintoni  nuUtU  .VA,  mora 
n  Um  rul|Mi  on  th*  back  i  oorynibi  mMijrflowirwl,  gUbroiM  or  rllloM  i  tnlhan  dark  r«l  or 
NM  oolur.     ronut/Uia. 
HUiMiM  m 

Lmtm  briNulljr  iiraU  to  ovai 40-  lucokum. 

I^STW  rliunibie  to  broadljr  oT»lo BO.  lacbra. 

HlMMtuA-IO. 

Lmitm  oral  to  oTtto SI.  prntandka. 

LmtM  OTkU,  MUU S2.   IILTICOLA. 

Kruil  mwliuni-diMi,  tubgloboM  (largo  and  oblong  In  No.  M)  i  nulUU  2  or  3,  aonipleuoualjr 
ridgod  on  th*  back  i  eurjrmb*  manjr-fluworod,  glabroiu  or  loiDantoto  \  loam  eoriaeooui  iir 
•abeoriaMoui,  luitroui.     C9C€in*9, 
HUnieni  10. 

Liavtri  (lliiitioal  tu  oboTaU  i  anthan  y«Uow 63.  cocriNiA. 

Loaroo  •llititieal  to  iivalo  i  anllwr*  rou  color 64.  JuNn^l. 

RUmina  20. 

Laarti  broadly  rhombic  to  oblongoborata  i  anthon  yellow 66.  tlAXiAlinTA. 

Fruit  madlom  •It.i  or  tmall,  uiually  learUt  (•omatimM  orangt-rtd  In  No.  nO),  nutlet*  2  or  3, 
(wnotratad  on  each  o(  tlio  inner  (acM  by  a  longitudinal  cavity  i  corymbi  inany-Howtrad,  gla- 
broua  or  vilt'>i»;  palyx-lol>M  glandular-aerrato  (except  in  No.  W)\  leaTca  roriactuui  (mam- 
branarooue  in  No.  60),  mottly  pubeacont  on  tin  lower  lurfaca.     Tomeniom. 
Antliera  i-oae  color. 
Htaroana  20. 

LeavM  urato  to  0Tat4M>blong 60.  tomrntoma.* 

Learaa  tUlptical,  acute  at  the  anda 67.  «uocdlenta. 

I^eanea  broadly  oval  or  obovata .68.  uEMMOtA. 

Slunana  10. 

Laarea  broadly  oborata  or  oral 69.  Illinoikniiu. 

Leavea  broadly  obovata  to  oral  or  rhomboidal 60.  imtboeiloba. 

Aiilhan  yellow, 

Laarea  broadly  oborata  to  elliptical  or  oval 61.  macracantiia. 

Fruit  large,  rod  or  orange-red ;  nutlela  'AS,  ridged  on  tha  back ;  eorymba  faw  or  many- 
ilowered,  villoaa  i  bracta  conapieuoui  i  ealyx-lobea  (oliaceoui ;  atamena  20 ;  antliera  yellow. 
Braettat<r. 

Corymba  (ew-flowarad. 

Learea  broadly  ovata  or  obortta 62.  AnBll. 

Corymbe  niany.flowere<l. 

Laarea  broadly  oval  to  oborata 63.  Harbuoki. 

Fruit  large,  globoae,  green  or  red  ;  nutleta  6,  alightly  groovail  on  tha  back ;  corymba  one  or 
faw-flowera<l,  toroentoae  i  calyx-lobea  foliaceoua  :  atamena  20;  anthara  yellow.     Farv^flarm. 

Leavaa  obovat»apatuUta 64.  in(in.ORA. 

Leavea  oral  or  rarely  oboTate,  acuta 66.  Vailia 

Fruit  medium  aixe,  globoaa  or  pyriform,  green,  orange  or  red  ;  nutleta,  3-6.  moatly  ridgad  on 
tlie  back  ;  corymba  (aw-6owereil,  villoae  or  tomentoae  (glabroua  in  No.  69)  ;  leaTea,  bracta, 
and  inner  liuclnu'alea  conapicuoualy  glandular  ;  branclileta  uaually  itrongly  ligxag.     Flava. 
Stamen*  2U. 
Anthera  purple. 

Leavaa  elliptical  to  obovate,  uaually  acuta .    66.  flata. 

Ixiavea  ubovata  to  auliorbicular 67.  CONHANODlirRA. 

Antliera  light  yellow  (Noa.  71  and  72  doubtful). 

Leavea  obovattvcuneiform 68.  flohioana. 

Leavea  abovate-cuncifiirm,  glabroua 69.  lacrimata. 

Leavea  obovate,  rounded  or  >hort-point«d  or  acute 70.  Ravsnrlu. 

Leavea  obovate  to  orbicular 71.  dihfar. 

lioavea  obovate  to  obovate-cuneiforni 72.  rknta. 


SS.    BlilHOAIirTTA. 


BOBACEA  8ILVA   OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 

HUUMM  10. 

Anthan  jrillow. 

Lmtm  oboTkU  to  orbieaUr 73.  AHUOA. 

Prait  Urge,  globoM.  aitirkl  i  nutUto  3-0,  promiiMDtljr  ridgtd  i  eorymbt  (tw-flowtr«d,  gU- 
broiM  I  •UoMiM  30 1  Mitbtra  purpU.    Miiivalti. 

LtaTM  (Uipii^*!  to  oblong.«uii«lfonn 74.  «itivalm. 

MlCROCABfA. 

Kruit  miAll,  dtprMMd-globoM,  MwUt  i  natlaU  3  to  S,  ridged  or  grooTod  on  th«  baok  i  oorjmbo 
muy-Bowcrod,  gUbroui  (tUIom  in  No.  77)  i  itaoMni  30  i  nnthtrt  roM  color  or  parpU. 
Kumicnearpm. 

Lmtm  broadly  orsto  to  triaagnUr 7S.  cokoata.* 

Lmtm  ipatuUt*  to  obUaMoUu 7d.  irATHin.ATA. 

Lmtm  orbicular  to  broadly  orate,  pinnatoly  li-7-eUlt 77.  AriiroLtA. 

Lmtm  oval  to  oTata  or  nMrly  orbicular 78.  oriMA. 

Fruit  imall  (madinm  liu  in  Nm.  83  and  84),  globoM  i  nutlet*  3-A,  slightly  grooTcd  on  the 
back  I  corymb*  few  or  many-flowered,  glabroui ;  itamen*  30  i  anthen  pale  yellow  (No.  84 
doobtful).     Viridet. 

LeavM  orate  to  orat*«blong  or  oblongH>borat« 79.  TimiDii. 

LearM  oral  to  orate,  acuta 80.  vcua. 

LcarM  oblong-orat*  to  •emlorbioolar,  lubeoriaceou 81.  OLABRtvioULA. 

Lmtm  oral  to  rhombie 83.  blanda. 

Lmtm  lanceolate  to  oblanceolate,  acuminata 83.  NinnA. 

LcarM  orato,  acute 84.  ATEORDBim. 


38 


I 


i'lll 


SI.   MACRACANTIIA. 


■  Cratagut  DougUuii,  ir.  M.  The  range  of  tU*  •peeiH  oan  now 
be  eitendcd  to  Clifton,  near  the  thom  of  Lake  Superior  In  Kawee- 
uw  County,  in  the  aitrame  northern  part  of  the  upper  peniuula 
of  Michigan,  where  it  b  common  on  hill*  and  blnS*,  and  when  it 
wu  found  in  July,  1894,  by  Hr.  O.  A.  Farwall ;  to  Michipieoten 
Itland  in  Lake  Superior,  where  it  WH  oollactad  on  July  24,  I860, 
by  Mr,  John  Haaoun  (tult  Herb.  Gray);  and  to  the  ihorea  of 
Thunder  Bey,  Michigan,  where  it  wH  found  In  Auguit,  1806,  by 
Mr.  C.  F.  Whwier  (luU  Herb.  Gray). 

According  to  Meahan  Cralagui  DougUuii  wu  diecorered  by 
Lewii  and  Clark  on  the  Columbia  Hirer,  April  20,  1806.  (Sm 
Pnc.  Pka.  Acad.  1808,  24  [TAa  PlanU  ofUwUand  Claris  Eipe. 
dition  aerou  Iht  Country,  18(M-180a].) 

Cralagui  DougUuii,  rar.  rivulari$.  The  range  of  thi*  trM  can  be 
eitaiided  eattward  of  the  Mntral  dirida  in  Wyoming  to  Cupar  on 
a  •mall  tributary  of  the  Platte  Rlrer,  to  Pari*  Creek  near  the 
northern  boundary  of  the  itatc,  and  to  the  eutem  dope  of  the 
Big  Horn  Mountaiu  ((««(<  Profcuor  Aran  NeUon). 


'  Cralagui  punelata,  Ir.  103.  Tha  range  of  thi*  ipMiu  can  now 
be  extended  wntward  to  eutem  MInnuota,  where  it  wu  found  by 
Mr.  E.  P.  Sheldon  at  LakerUle,  DakoU  County,  In  Hay,  1804,  wid 
OMr  Cedar  Lake,  Hennepin  County,  In  May,  1806.  It  probably 
doM  not  croM  the  Mlui**  ppl  Hirer. 

'  Cmtagui  lommoia,  ir.  101.  The  range  of  thi*  ipeclH  un  be 
extended  to  ioutheutcm  Kaniu.  (Sm  Hitchcock,  Tki  Indxulrial- 
ill,  xxir.  383  [fTora  of  Kaniai].) 

*  Cratmgv  eordala,  ir.  107.  Tha  range  of  thi*  ipecie*  can  be 
extended  to  beyond  the  Mi*ai*iippi  Hirer.  It  i*  common  in  (outb- 
autem  Miaaouri,  where  it  wu  found  on  Birch  TrM  CrMk  in  Shan- 
non County  by  Mr.  B.  F.  Buah  in  1803,  and  by  Profeaaor  TreleaM 
in  1807  betwMn  Biimarck  and  Iron  Mountain  in  Iron  County, 
and  at  Wllliamirille,  Wayne  County.  It  hu  bun  found  by  Mr. 
J.  B.  S.  Norton  at  Oaage,  Misaouri,  on  the  Miieouri  Hirer,  and 
in  northwMtam  Arkan*u  near  Fayetterilla  by  ProfeiMr  F,  L. 
Harray. 


ROSAOF^ 


8ILVA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


37 


OBATiEanS  SALIQNA. 


Haw. 


Stamens  20 ;  anthers  yellow.  Leaves  narrow,  rliombic  or  oval,  acute  or  acumi- 
nate, subcoriaceous,  dark  green,  and  lustrous. 

Orategua  ■aUgiis,  Qreen*,  Pittonia,  iii.  99  (1896). 

A  tree,  occasionally  twenty  feet  in  height,  with  a  short  stem  and  long  slender  spreading  branches 
gracefully  drooping  at  the  ends ;  or  often  forming  clumps  or  small  thickets  with  numerous  stems,  from 
eight  to  fifteen  feet  tall,  springing  from  one  root.  The  bark  cf  the  large  branches  and  small  stems 
is  close  and  bright  red  or  reddish  brown,  and  on  old  trunks  it  separates  near  the  ground  into  long 
slightly  attached  narrow  plate-like  gray  scales.  The  branchlets  are  slender  and  wand-like,  marked  by 
large  scattered  pale  lenticeb,  and  armed  with  thin  ridged  nearly  straight  bright  chestnut-brown  shining 
spines  from  three  quarters  of  an  inch  to  an  inch  and  a  half  in  length ;  when  they  appear  they  are 
orange  color  deeply  tinged  with  red  and  soon  become  bright  red  and  very  lustrous,  and  duU  red-brown 
in  their  second  season.  The  leaves  vary  from  narrowly  rhombic  to  oval,  and  ?^  gradually  narrowed  at 
the  ends,  and  acute  or  acuminate  and  apiculate  at  the  apex,  entire  toward  the  base,  and  finely  serrate 
above,  with  incurved  teeth  tipped  with  minute  bright  red  glands ;  they  ara  nearly  fully  grown  when 
the  flowers  open  toward  the  middle  of  June,  light  yellow-green,  covered  on  the  upper  surface  with  short 
pale  hairs,  and  pale  and  glabrons  below,  with  slender  bright  red  petioles  about  a  third  of  an  inch  in 
length,  and  usually  furnished  near  the  base  with  two  or  three  large  stipitate  dark  red  caducous  glands ; 
at  maturity  the  leaves  are  thick  and  firm  in  texture,  dark  green,  glabrous  and  lustrous  above,  pale  below, 
from  an  inch  and  a  half  to  two  inches  long  and  from  three  quarters  of  an  inch  to  an  inch  wide,  with 
stout  midribs  rose-colored  on  the  under  side,  particularly  toward  the  base,  very  obscure  forked  veins,  and 
reticulate  veinlets.  On  vigorous  leading  shoots  the  leaves  are  lanceolate,  acuminate,  coarsely  serrate, 
often  deeply  and  irregularly  divided  into  one  or  two  pairs  of  acute  lateral  lobes,  fiom  three  inches  to 
three  inches  and  a  half  long  and  from  an  inch  and  a  quarter  to  an  inch  and  a  half  wide ;  and  their 
stipules  are  foliaceous,  lunate,  stalked,  coarsely  dentate,  and  often  three  quarters  of  an  inch  in  length. 
Late  in  the  autumn  the  leaves  turn  to  brilliant  shades  of  orange  and  bright  scarL^t.  The  flowers  are 
about  five  eighths  of  an  inch  in  diameter  and  are  produced  on  short  slender  }>edicel8,  in  compact 
glabrous  few  or  many-flowered  compound  corymbs,  with  linear  glandular  bright  red  tracts  and  bractlets. 
The  calyx-tube  is  broadly  obconic  and  glabrous,  and  the  lobes  are  nearly  triangular,  ?utire,  and  often 
bright  red  toward  the  apex.  There  are  twenty  stamens  with  small  yellow  anthers,  and  five  styles.  The 
fruit,  which  ripens  toward  the  end  of  September  and  sometimes  remains  on  the  branches  at  least  as  late 
as  the  middle  of  October,  is  borne  on  stout  peduncles,  in  compact  few-fruited  drooping  clusters,  and  is 
globose,  a  quarter  of  an  inch  in  diameter,  dull  vinous  red  and  very  lustrous  when  fully  grown,  and 
ultimately  blue-black ;  the  calyx  is  small,  with  a  narrow  cavity  and  reflexed  persistent  lobes,  and  the 
flesh  is  thin,  yellow,  dry  and  sweet,  and  of  a  pleasant  flavor.  The  five  nutlets  are  thick,  rounded  and 
slightly  ridged  on  the  back,  and  about  three  sixteenths  of  an  inch  in  length. 

Cratagus  saligna  grows  along  the  banks  of  the  Cimmaron,  Gunnison,  and  White  rivers  and  other 
Colorado  streams  on  both  slopes  of  the  continental  divide  at  elevations  varying  from  six  thousand  to 
eight  thousand  feet  above  the  sea-level.' 


I  ■  : 


>  Cralagui  saligna  appears  to  hare  been  fint  colleeted  by  Vt4- 
moot  in  184S  on  his  teoond  trantooDtinentnl  journejr  (No.  186  in 


Herb.  Kew).     It  wu  oolloeted  by  Hayden  in  1869  (in  Herb.  Gray, 
without  locality)  and  by  Brandegee  at  Punch'e  Springs  in  August, 


88 


SILVA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


ROSACEA. 


LatD  in  the  autumn,  when  the  foliage  has  asaumed  its  brilliant  hues  and  the  slender  bright  red 
branches  droop  under  the  weight  of  its  abundant  blue-black  fruit,  this  Rocky  Mountain  Hawthorn 
enUvens  the  banks  of  mountain  streams  and  is  an  object  of  striking  and  remarkable  beauty. 

I8T7  (in  Herb.  Onj).    It  hai  alio  bean  oollcetod  by  Cnndkll  in  White  Rirar  pUt«kn  in  October,  1896 ;  bj  Purpni  at  Sapinero  on 

Grpenm  Cteek  Calloa  in  Angut,  1R94,  and  in  the  Blaok  Cation  of  the  Elk  Mountains  in  Juijr,  1898  ;  and  bj  Jack  at  Gnuit,  Park 

the  Gaaniion  in  Augiut,  1896,  and  June,  1899 ;  by  Beadle  at  Wal-  Countj,  in  October,  1896. 
oott  OB  the  Eagle  Rirer  in  Jalji  1896 ;  \>j  Sargent  at  Meeker  on  the 


EXPLANATION  OF  THE  PLATE. 

Plats  DCXXXVL    CfUTAous  sauona. 

1.  A  flowering  branch,  natural  aiu. 

2.  Vertical  wetion  of  •  flower,  enlarged. 

3.  A  fruiting  braoob,  natural  size. 

4.  Vertical  aection  of  a  fruit,  enlarged. 

5.  A  nutlet,  front  view,  enlarged. 

6.  The  end  of  a  rigorous  shoot,  natural  size. 


i   !l 


ROSACEiK. 

)  glender  bright  red 
Mountain  Hawthorn 
beauty. 

bj  Piupu  Bt  Sapinaro  on 
1  bjT  Jaok  *t  Grant,  Park 


m 


Tab  DCXXXVI 


8ii 


If: 


i 


ti 


'I 

<  im 


^•f.HlVA. 


ROBAlKI? 


U*' 


y  •  -1*  brilliiiiit  hupB  and  tJie  slender  bright  reij 
•  u'-biack  fruit,  this  Rooky  Mountain  Ilawthyru 
.!  i>t  Ktrikint;  and  nmiarkublo  beauty. 

1^  Uitn  B.<«r  plUrau  in  October,  t89B  ;  bj  I'lirpui  at  flaptiu  t  .>i. 
<.■■  Klk  McuiiUini  in  Juljr,  1896;  ud  \>y  Jitck  «t  (}m>t  .  i 
.  ..unij,  in  (Vnuber,  J898. 


'«?•!.* I«AT10t(   or  THE  PLATE. 


'1     ;*,  XXXV'l       C'RAT.C^im  R.iUO!fA. 
*  ^wtfixR  I  nnch,  imtunt  (if*. 

■  ^1   ■a\  Hvtioa  of  a  Howftf.  enUrj^od. 
,i    .'jkuig  branch,  n&Uiral  site. 
VwiiMl  iMttoB  of  »  fruit,  cnUrgcd. 
A  n«tte.  front  vi«w,  «nlart[e<l- 
i  it«  wxi  of  »  Tigoroaa  (hoot,  natural  aiia. 


fjilvA  of  Not  lb  Allien,  .1 


le  slender  brif(ht  re(l 
Mountain  Hawthorn 
e  heauty. 

;  hy  I'iir|>u«  at  Sapntrt'.  m. 
ml  by  Juck  at  (irwrt,  !  ark 


Tab,  DC XXXVI. 


'S.F.:r.'„M. 


Jiafii. 


CRATiEGUS     SALIGNA     (Greene 


.^  nio.^mt^  Jirett ' 


.'•nf  .  r  r^nfitr  pjrL'\ 


Mi 


fii 


.11           a    .  . 

1           1                   1    ' 

'     1         ':     »: 

j;                 ; 

iiii 

ROSACKiB. 


8ILVA   OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


88 


ORAT^OUS  OKUS-GALLI,  var.  PYBAOANTHIFOLIA. 

OookBpur  Thorn. 


Stamens  10;  anthers  rose  color, 
rounded  at  the  apex. 


Leaves  narrowly  obovate,  acute  or  sometimes 


Crattegua  Cni»galU,  p  pyraoanthifoUa,  Aiton,  Hort. 
Km.  U.  170  (178tf).-  De  C»ndoUe,  Prodr.  ii.  626.— 
To:i»y  &  Qr»y,  Ft.  N.  Am.  i.  464.  —  Loudon,  Arb.  Brit. 
a.  320,  f.  580.  —  Rogel,  Aet.  Hort.  Petrop.  i.  109  (in 


part).  —  Sargent,  Forest  Trte$  N.  Am.  \fHh  Cotuut  V.  S. 
U.  76 ;  SUva  N.  Am.  !▼.  92. 
Meapllua  Orus-galU,  var.  pjrraoantUf olia,  H«yne,  Dendr. 
Fl.  80  (1882). 


This  fonn  of  the  Cockspur  Thorn,  which  has  been  known  in  European  gardens  for  more  than  a 
century,  has  recently  been  found  in  eastern  Pennsylvania  and  in  northern  Delaware  and  appears  to 
range  southward  to  Florida  and  middle  Tennessee.  It  has  the  ten  stamens  and  rose-colored  anthers  of 
Cratagus  Cru8-galli,  but  rather  smaller  flowers  and  smaller  comparatively  narrower  and  often  bright 
red  fruit.  The  leaves  vary  from  elliptical  to  obovate  and  are  acute  or  often  rounded  at  the  apex,  and 
when  young  are  sometimes  slightly  pubescent  along  the  upper  side  of  the  midribs,  a  few  hairs  being  also 
found  occasionally  on  the  young  corymbs.  Very  distinct  in  its  extreme  forms,  it  appears  to  pass  into 
the  ordinary  fonns  of  Cratuegut  Crus-galli,  which  is  distinguished  by  its  larger  leaves,  mostly  rounded 
at  the  apex  except  on  vigorous  shoots,  larger  flowers,  and  larger  and  usually  pruinose  fruits,  and  with 
the  present  knowledge  of  this  narrower-leaved  form  it  is  perhaps  best  considered  a  variety.' 


>  The  northcutcra  •tation  of  Cratagia  Crut-gatU  u  near  Mon- 
treal in  Quebec,  when  it  wu  first  noticed  bj  Mr.  J.  G.  Jack  in 
Augnit,  1892 ;  it  ii  rare  in  weitcm  Vermont  (mo  Sargent,  Rko- 
don,  iii.  19),  and  with  the  exception  of  a  few  itatione  in  Conneeti- 
eut  (E.  B.  Harger,  Eaat  Haven,  1887,  and  Oxford,  1900,  E.  H. 
Eames,  Stratford,  1895,  C.  B.  Graves,  Watortord  and  Groton, 
1901)  it  is  not  knoan  to  grow  natnrally  in  other  part*  of  New  Eng> 
land.  It  grows  probably  naturally  on  the  Shinneoook  Hills  and 
the  shores  of  Feoonio  Bay,  Long  Island,  where  it  was  found  in  1897 
by  Mils  A.  M.  Vail,  and  i*  very  abundant  westward  to  Illinois  and 
southward  paitienlarly  in  the  Appalachian  foothill  region.  West 
of  the  Missouri  Rivr,  where  there  are  a  number  of  distinct  species 
of  this  group,  Cntagut  Crut-gaUi  either  doec  not  grow  at  all  or 
varies  constantly  from  the  eastern  tree  in  its  yellow  anthers. 

Another  form  of  the  Cockspur  Thorn  cultivated  in  Europe  under 


the  name  of  Cratagut  Crui-galli,  var.  lalieifolia  (Alton,  Hort. 
Kew,  ii.  170),  with  thinner  narrower  and  more  elongated  lanceolate 
or  oblanceolate  leaver,  has  not  yet  been  found  growing  naturally  in 
this  country,  and,  like  t  number  of  other  peculiar  plants  in  this 
group  known  only  in  Eawpean  and  American  gardens,  it  is  perhaps 
the  product  of  cultivation  or  hybridisation. 

In  the  fourth  volume  of  this  work  Cratagui  btrberi/olia  of  Tor- 
rey  b  Gray  of  western  Louisiana  was  considered  a  variety  of  Cra- 
tagui Crut-galli.  It  varies  from  that  species  in  its  twenty  not  ten 
stamens,  in  its  thinner  and  less  lustrous  leaves,  in  the  persistent 
pubescent  or  tomentose  covering  of  the  young  branches,  leaves,  and 
calyx,  and  in  its  oraoge-colorad  nd-cheeked  fruit,  and  with  the 
present  idea  of  the  limitation  of  species  of  Cratagus  it  should  be 
considend  a  species. 


EXPLANATION  OF  THE  PLATK. 

Plate  DCXXXVII.    Csat.so(7s  Cbus-oalu,  tu.  pnucAXTBiroLU. 

1.  A  flowering  bruich,  natnnJ  liia. 

2.  Vnrtieal  Mction  of  >  Bower,  enUtjed. 

3.  A  Talyz-lobe,  enlarged. 

4.  A  fruitini;  branch,  natural  UM. 

6.  A  fruit  dirided  trauveraely,  enlarged. 
6.  A  nutlet)  rear  view,  enlarged. 


Li-.- 


5nh  Aro«f 


T»b  DCXXXVII 


fti^fcM.i"wji*aafeaitii ,-«;-. 


KXPIANATIOW  or  THE  PLATE. 

^  XjLXVII.    CmiT;ar>i'«  Ckin^Ai.! i,  rar.  pvuAiAirruiruLix. 
1.    A  fluuMtii^  lirMwb,  nMiir»l  site. 
'J.  V«rtir>l  •wtitNi  ot  »  Hi>w<r,  rnUrged. 
:i.  A  aai]ni-tab*,  •riar^wi. 

4.  A  lnu«u>|r  Wanth.  natiinU  «u. 

5.  A  (niH  <ii<ridiKl  trMiavrrM-lj',  tMii.rjetl. 
6b  A  wUiak  rMU  •■»•.  viiUrgatl. 


Silv»  of  North  Ani«nc» 


T»b  DCXXXVll 


C  S  Faccan  dml- 


Zartodui  jc 


CRATi^GUS   CRUS-GALLI   VAR  PYRACANTHIFOLIA,  An 


5)1 


A  UtovrsucD  JiTthr  ' 


Imp  JTan^ur  Faru- 


M 


ROHAcr* 


8ta 
acute,  c 


Abi 
from  twe 
npprecHed 
hend  ooca 
zigzag,  m 
ohestnut-l 
oblong-ov 
and  entir 
teeth;  thi 
below,  fro 
with  tliic 
Rurface  an 
more  or  I 
glands,  re 
are  oblong 
vigorous  li 
are  freque 
an  inch  in 
long;-bran( 
The  calyx 
teeth,  and 
thirteen  si 
styles.  I 
winter;  it 
subglobosi 
dark  crim 
length ;  t 
appressed 
The  nutle 
bright  chi 
Crat 
where  it  \ 

'  Specima 
the  ahorei  of 
laad,  in  Mk 
Cratagut  Co 
of  th«  midril 


ROIUCIA 


BILVA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


41 


ORATAOUB  OANBYI. 


Haw. 


Htamenh  ufluolly  10 ;  anthcn  rose  color.  Loavea  oblong  or  oval  to  ovate,  usually 
acute,  coriaceous. 

OntMOua  OubTl.  Swgtnt,  Bat.  OoMtU,  mi.  3  (1901). 

A  buihy  glabroua  or  rarely  slightly  villoM '  tree,  lometimes  twenty  feet  in  height,  with  a  trunk 
from  twelve  to  eighteen  invheii  in  diameter  covered  with  thin  dark  brown  bark  broken  into  iimall  closely 
appre§M)d  Males,  and  heavy  ascending  and  wide-spreading  branches  which  form  a  broad  open  irregukr 
head  occasionally  from  thirty  to  thirty-five  feet  across.  The  branchlets  are  stout,  elongated,  slightly 
zi)^)(,  marked  by  numerous  pale  conspiouous  lenticels,  and  sparingly  armed  with  thick  usually  straight 
chestnut-brown  spines  from  three  quarters  of  an  inch  to  an  inch  and  a  half  in  length.  The  leaves  are 
oblong-ovate  to  ovate  or  rarely  obovate,  acute  or  rarely  rounded  at  the  apei,  gradually  narrowed,  ouneate 
and  entire  at  the  base,  and  coarsely  and  doubly  serrate  above  the  middle,  with  gUndular  incurved 
teeth ;  they  are  thin  but  coriaceous  at  maturity,  dark  green  and  very  lustrous  above,  pale  and  dull 
below,  from  two  inches  to  two  inches  and  a  half  long  and  from  an  inch  to  an  inch  and  a  half  wide, 
with  thick  pale  midribs  and  four  or  five  paivv  of  remote  primary  veins  impressed  on  the  upper 
surface  and  raised  and  conspicuous  on  the  lower  surface ;  they  are  borne  on  stout  petioles  which  are 
more  or  less  winged  above,  gn)oved  on  the  upper  side,  gktndular,  with  scattered  dork  red  persistent 
glands,  red  below  the  middle  and  from  one  half  to  three  quairters  of  an  inch  in  length.  The  stipules 
ore  oblong-obovate  to  linear-lanceolate,  glandular-serrate,  and  generally  about  half  an  inch  long.  On 
vigorous  leading  shoots  the  leaves  are  often  deeply  and  irregularly  divided  into  broad  acute  lobes  and 
are  frequently  three  or  four  inches  long  and  two  inches  wide.  The  flowera,  which  ore  five  eighths  of 
an  inch  in  diameter  and  open  about  the  middle  of  May,  are  producod  in  broad  loose  many-fiowered 
long-branched  compound  corymbs,  with  linear  finely  gliindular-serrate  caducous  bracts  and  broctlets. 
The  calyx-tube  is  narrowly  obeonic  and  the  lobes  are  entire,  or  serrate,  with  minute  scattered  glandular 
teeth,  and  mostly  reflexed  after  the  flowera  open.  There  are  usually  ten  but  occasionally  twelve  or 
thirteen  stamens  with  slender  elongated  filaments  and  small  rose-colored  anthera,  and  from  three  to  five 
styles.  The  fruit  ripens  during  the  month  of  October  but  does  not  fall  until  after  the  beginning  of 
winter ;  it  hangs  on  elongated  slender  stems,  in  loose  many-fruited  drooping  clustera,  and  is  oblong  to 
subglobose,  full  and  rounded  at  the  ends,  with  distinct  depressions  at  the  insertion  of  the  stalks,  lustrous, 
dark  crimson,  marked  by  occasional  large  pale  lenticels,  and  from  one  half  to  five  eighths  of  an  inch  in 
length ;  the  calyx-cavity  is  deep  but  narrow,  and  the  lobes  are  nearly  entire,  reflexed  and  closely 
appressed,  and  often  deciduous  before  the  fruit  ripens ;  the  flesh  is  thick,  bright  red,  and  very  juicy. 
The  nutlets  vary  from  three  to  five  in  number  and  are  prominently  ridged,  with  broad  rounded  ridges, 
bright  chestnut-brown,  and  about  a  quarter  of  an  inch  long. 

CrataguH  Canbyi  grows  in  hedges  and  thickets  in  the  neighborhood  of  Wilmington,  Delaware, 
where  it  was  first  noticed  in  October,  1898,  by  Mr.  William  M.  Canby  ; '  and  on  the  shores  of  Chesapeake 


' 


r 


■  SpcciiiMiu  of  a  plant  collected  hj  Mr.  Alexander  MaeElwee  on 
the  shorci  of  Chetapeake  Bay  at  Perryrille  in  Cecil  County,  Harj- 
land,  in  Maj,  1899,  which  ia  not  otherwiie  diatinguiihable  from 
Cmlirgut  Canbyi,  have  a  few  hain  Mattered  along  the  upper  tide 
of  the  midriba  and  ilightlj  rilloee  oorymbi. 


<  WillJKm  Harriott  Canby  (March  17, 1831)  wai  bom  in  Phila- 
delphia, and  waa  the  aon  of  a  merchant  of  that  city  but  a  native  of 
Wilmington,  Delaware,  where  his  family  had  lived  aince  1742.  In 
that  year  it  moved  to  Wilming;ton  from  Briitol,  Pennaylvania, 
wheru  the   firat  of  the  family  to  come  to  America,  a  native  of 


1 

1  I. 

;'l 
4!H 


1 


42 


BILVA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


BOSACIiE 


Bay  in  Cecil  County,  lunryknd.    It  grows  also  in  the  meadows  of  Tohickon  Creek  at  Quakerstown, 
Penuaylvania,  and  on  Tenicum  Island,  at  Haddington,  and  at  Qray's  Ferry,  Philadelphia. 


TorkiUra  in  Enflud,  iMd  Mtticd  in  1680.  William  M.  Cut? 
wu  adaatted  principally  at  WMthoaw,  tha  Friend*'  Soboo!  near 
Cbanaford  in  Cbotcr  County,  Pennif  Ivaaia,  and  by  prirata  tutor*. 
He  wa*  bionght  up  on  a  farm,  and  wben  he  wa«  twenty  year*  old 
he  began  to  manage  a  farm  for  hinuelf.  In  1866,  fifteen  year* 
later,  family  affair*  carried  him  to  Wilmington.  Since  that  time 
he  ha*  been  principally  occupied  in  variou*  buMneis  affair*  there, 
having  been  receirer  and  afterward*  pre*ideut  of  the  Delaware 
We*tem  Railroad,  director  in  the  Union  National  Bank,  and  for 
mon  than  twenty  year*  pmideat  of  the  Wilmington  Saring  Fund 
Society.  He  acquired  a  ta*te  for  botany  early  in  life  from  rela- 
tivee  and  afterward  in  aobool,  and  unce  1858,  when  he  Tiaited 
Florida  for  the  flr*t  time  in  aearch  of  health  and  began  to  gather 
plant*,  he  ha*  been  an  active  and  a*«iduou*  collector  in  many 
part*  of  the  United  State*  during  long  and  frequent  journey*,  and 


hi*  (peeimeni,  which  have  been  diitributed  with  a  laTiah  hand, 
are  found  in  all  the  large  herbaria  of  the  world.  Hi*  own  herba- 
rium of  about  90,000  *peciea,  the  barreet  of  many  year*  of  work  in 
the  Arid,  anpplemented  by  liberal  pnrohaae*  and  by  exchaugei, 
having  outgrown  the  epace  at  it*  di*pa*al,  i*  now  in  poaaeuion  o( 
the  College  of  Pharmacy  of  New  York  ;  and  ainee  1893  Hr.  Canbj 
ha*  been  engaged  in  forming  an  herbariam  for  the  Natural  Hi*tary 
Society  of  Delaware,  which  now  contain*  about  13,000  apeoie*. 

Can6ya,  a  genu*  of  delicate  and  intereeting  annual  plant*  of  th* 
Poppy  family,  nativea  of  the  deaert*  of  the  weat,  dedicated  to  him 
by  hia  friend  Aaa  Gray,  will  recall  to  botaniat*  the  name  of  Canby 
and  hi*  important  and  unaelfiah  labora  in  increaaing  the  knowledge 
of  the  American  flora  after  the  memory  of  hia  kindne**,  geniality, 
and  helpfulneu  baa  paaaed  with  the  generation*  of  hi*  friend*  and 
a**aoiate*. 


m^. 


EXPLANATION  OF  THE  PLATE. 

Pl-itk  DCXXXVIII.    Cratjiocs  CAXBri. 

1.  A  flowering  branch,  natnral  *ize. 

2.  Vertical  *ection  of  a  flower,  enlarged. 

3.  A  fruiting  branch,  natural  aiie. 

4.  Vertical  aeetion  of  a  fruit,  natural  site. 

fi.  CroM  aeetion  of  a  fruit  abowing  the  notleti,  natural  aize. 
6.  A  nutlet,  aide  view,  enlarged. 


ROSAC&S 

at  Qiukeratown, 
Ilia. 

id  with  a  Uriih  hud, 
rorld.    Hii  owu  herbi- 

many  yean  of  work  in 
UM  and  hj  excbuign, 
ii  DOW  in  poHeuioD  of 
d  •inoo  1899  Mr.  Canbj 
for  the  Natural  Hiitorj 
mut  13,000  •pooiea. 
Dg  annual  plant*  of  tha 
welt,  dedioated  to  him 
iitt  the  name  of  Conby 
loreaiing  the  knowledge 

hit  kindneu,  geniality, 
itioni  of  hit  f  riendi  and 


,■^1- 


Tab.DCXXXVm 


CRATi€.Gl)K    r.ANBYl 


IN] 


till  i" A   or  NOBTH  AMERWA. 


wm- 


1t  growk  tJtmy  in  the  meudows  of  Tohickoii     reek  at  Quakw* 
.jiUnd,  »t  HinMiiigton,  and  at  fJray'u  Ferry,  Philadelphia. 


.     t<m>     Willwiu   M      urn 

:^    '■*    •IM  twcbtj   »'.'U'.'^     .id 
1,1  IMKi,  fif;*.  M     .ii. 

'!•}  BmA.  whI  fur 

;     ntnolr    1X9''.     VtwN    Im     VtlblMJ 

<  /NWitk  .mmI  Wfwi  t»  jcMhcr 
.<.<.>   ««t  f '«i(a«ui  j-.MinMTi,  »nd 


hit  «p«oiia#r<«,  which  hjivu  Imjcu  distritmted  with  %  Lt*  .*.; 
are  fouml  in  «ll  the  largu  bcrburiA  i>f  tbf  world.  lliA  «>.: 
riuiu  of  Hh'.mt  lUI,(KIO»pecies.  the  bArvesl  uf  luHDy  vuiirv  -.i 
tho  H«ld,  au|>)>leiuflnte<l  I7  liberal  |iutThluci  >ud  b/  •'. 
having  nut|pt>wQ  the  ipac«  at  it4  diitpuial,  ia  now  in  {kw.^* 
the  Culle[^  uf  I'hanuacy  of  New  York  j  and  imco  1893  M 
ha4  be«a  eng;a^l  in  forminf;  an  herbariuni  for  the  NatiifH 
Sweiety  u(  Ilelaware,  which  now  ctmtaiua  about  13^000  ipr- 

(-'af»6yit  a  genua  of  delieate  and  interestinij;  annual  {tlaftV 
Poppy  fan)ily,  natifet  of  the  di^M'rtf  of  the  welt,  dedioatf^ 
Ir}-  hiR  fnend  Ana  Gray,  will  recall  to  botanistd  the  name  . 
and  bis  ini|H>rtAnt  and  nnseUlsh  labors  in  iucreaiing  the  41. 
of  til.)  Ameriian  Hora  attir  the  nicnmrv  of  his  kindneiu,  , 
and  balpfuloeM  baa  pauad  with  the  generationa  of  hi*  fri* 
aMotuatea 


.  M  i.ASA  1!"^    t)K    THK    I'LATE. 

J't*!*  WXXXVIll,    OHjtTioug  Caxbti. 
I     A  ^owr-Hay  WaMK.  natural  site. 
/.    V.<i-tti-Al  MctiMt  of  >  Hiiwi>r,  enlargeil. 
t  ,-*    risbtral  siie. 
11  ^>l  X  fruit,  natural  site. 
S   Omn  »a«tiirr'nf  a  frnit  thowing  the  nuUets,  natural  ails. 


$1 


If 


k  at  Qiuiui'^ 
pbia. 

lUd   with  a  Uv  ..- 
world,     liia  <>.« 
uf  iimay  yonn  li    - 
htiAcs   anil   by  v<- 
l,  is   now  in  |hi««- 
uid  iiiieu  ISiW  .M 
m  for  I  Up  Natiint 
abuiit  lU.OOO  •(» 
iting  annual  plai^'- 
le  w«»»t,  dinlioat^* 
iiiutU  Ibo  UHm« 
iucr»H.ung  lb«i  »'• 
>f  bit  kuidn<w,  c 
iratiuiu  of  hain't 


Si'.va  of  North  Amenca 


Tab.DCXXXVin. 


si!H 


(§) 


^ 


Jla//i7i0  ./■» 


CRAT/EGUS    CANBYlSar^ 


j4  Rti>rrfi*J^  MrAT  ' 


Imf:  JTiifiAtif   Pari^ 


\\ 


ROSACEA 


villose. 

CratsBgu 

(1901) 

A 
with  da 
topped  < 
zigzag,  I 
brown  li 
appear  t' 
disappea 
lighter  c 
obovate 
or  entire 
apex ;  n< 
above  bj 
on  the  u 
on  the  ( 
inch  to 
decurren' 
of  an  in 
and  cadu 
pedicels, 
or  narro 
narrowly 
on  the  c 
There  ai 
styles. 
fruited  ^ 
about  a  I 
spreadin] 
The  two 
quarter  ( 

Cn 

and  soul 

collected 

'  The  6; 
include  a  n 
or  less  pila 
ville,  Tenn 
and  Augus 


R06ACIL& 


SJLVA   OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


4S 


ORAT^OUS  ENQELMANNI. 
Haw. 


Stamens  10  ;  anthers  rose  color, 
villose. 


Leaves  broadly  obovate  or  elliptical,  coriaceous, 


CrateBgua  Engelmanni,  Sargent,  Bot.  Oaxette,  zxxi. 
(1901). 


2     CrB''«gus  berberifolia,  Bntton,  Man.  619  (in  part)  (not 
Torrey  &  Gray)  (1901). 


A  tree,  from  fifteen  to  twenty  feet  in  height,  with  a  trunk  five  or  six  inches  in  diameter  covered 
with  dark  red-brown  scaly  bark,  and  wide-spreading  usually  horizontal  branches  forming  a  low  flat- 
topped  or  a  rounded  head  ;  or  occasionally  shrubby.  The  branchlets  are  slender,  straight  or  somewhat 
zigzag,  marked  by  large  pale  lenticels,  and  armed  with  few  thin  straight  or  slightly  curved  chestnut- 
brown  lustrous  spines  from  an  inch  and  a  half  to  two  inches  and  a  half  in  length ;  when  they  first 
appear  they  are  orange-brown  or  green  tinged  with  red  and  covered  with  long  pale  hairs  which  soon 
disappear,  and  during  their  first  summer  they  are  nearly  glabrous  and  bright  red-brown,  becoming 
lighter  colored  and  gray  or  gray  tinged  with  red  during  their  second  year.  The  leaves  are  broadly 
obovate  or  rarely  eUiptical,  rounded  or  often  short-pointed  and  acute  at  the  apex,  gradually  narrowed 
or  entire  below,  and  finely  crenulate-serrate  usually  only  above  the  middle  and  generally  only  at  the 
apex ;  nearly  fully  grown  when  the  flowers  open  about  the  middle  of  May,  they  are  then  roughened 
above  by  short  rigid  pale  hairs,  and  at  maturity  they  are  coriaceous,  dark  green,  lustrous,  and  scabrous 
on  the  upper  surface,  pale  on  the  lower  surface,  pilose  above  and  below  along  the  slender  midribs  and 
on  the  obscure  primary  veins  and  veinlets,  from  an  inch  to  an  inch  and  a  half  long  and  from  half  an 
inch  to  an  inch  wide ;  they  are  borne  on  slender  grooved  glandular  petioles  winged  above  by  the 
decurrent  bases  of  the  leaf-blades,  at  first  slightly  villose  but  soon  glabrous,  and  usually  about  a  quarter 
of  an  inch  in  length.  The  stipules  are  linear-lanceolate,  glabrous,  light  red,  one  third  of  an  inch  long, 
and  caducous.  The  flowers,  which  are  three  quarters  of  an  inch  in  diameter,  are  produce'',  on  slender 
pedicels,  in  broad  loose  eight  to  twelve-flowered  thin-branched  villose  corymbs,  with  linear-lanceolate 
or  narrowly  obovate  tomentose  or  villose  glandular-serrate  bracts  and  bractlets.  The  calyx-tube  is 
narrowly  obconic,  villose,  or  nearly  glabrous,  and  the  lobes  are  narrow,  acuminate,  entire,  glabrous 
on  the  outer  surface,  usually  puberulous  on  the  inner  surface,  and  reflexed  after  the  flowers  open. 
There  are  ten  stamens  with  long  slender  filaments  and  STiall  rose-colored  anthers,  and  two  or  three 
styles.  The  fruit,  which  ripens  early  in  November,  hangs  on  slender  pedicels,  in  drooping  many- 
fruited  glabrous  clusters ;  it  is  globose  or  short-oblong,  bright  orange-red,  with  a  yellow  cheek,  and 
about  a  third  of  an  inch  in  diameter ;  the  calyx  is  prominent,  with  a  broad  shallow  cavity,  and  enlarged 
spreading  lobes  which  usually  fall  before  the  fruit  ripens ;  the  flesh  is  thin,  green,  dry,  and  mealy. 
The  two  or  three  nutlets  are  thick,  prominently  ridged  on  the  back,  with  high  rounded  ridges,  and  a 
quarter  of  an  inch  long. 

Cratcfgm  Engelmanni  inhabits  dry  limestone  slopes  and  ridges,  and  is  common  through  central 
and  southern  Missouri.'  Long  confounded  with  Cratcer/m  CntK-galU,  it  appears  to  have  been  first 
toUeeted  at  Kimmswick  at  the  mouth  of  the  Maramee  River  by  Dr.  George  Engelmann. 

'  The  6r»t  description  of  CratagMa  Engelmanni  w«s  made  to 
include  a  number  of  ipecimens  of  Crus-galli-like  apeciea  with  more 
or  less  pilose  leaves  and  villose  corymbs  coUectid  at  West  Nash- 
ville, Tennessee,  in  northern  and  central  Alabama,  and  at  Rome 
and  Augusta,  Georgia.    The  specimens  from  NasbTille  have  since      River  belong  with  Cratttgiu  Engtimanni. 


been  referred  by  Mr.  C.  D.  Headle  to  his  Cratagus  sinistra  {BiU~ 
more  Bot.  StitdieSt  i-  44  [1001]);  and  further  study  in  the  field  is 
needed  before  it  can  bo  satisfactorily  determined  whether  any  of 
the  forms  of  the  Crus-galli  group  growing  cast  of  the  Mississippi 


. 


i 


EXPLANATION  OF  THE  PLATE. 

Plats  DCXXXIX.    Cbaijbous  Enqklmannl 

1.  A  flowering  bnuicb,  natural  lixe. 

2.  Vertical  leotion  of  a  flower,  enlarged. 

3.  A  fmiting  branch,  natural  siu. 

4.  A  fruit  divided  tranirenely,  enlarged. 

5.  A  nutlet,  front  Tiew,  enlarged. 

6.  A  nutlet,  rear  view,  enlarged. 


T»b  DCXXXIX 


CRATiCGUS    ENGELMANNl 


-rjr    /<»"<**..' 


M> 


'  [' 


1 


li 


i\ 


,  1  / 


1      -       !  . 


Kjn.AX.iTKW  OK  THE  PLATE. 


f^Mm  .'"«.  I.VXI.V.      ClUTjmiV*   EHQItMANNI. 

I  .<  liMr»nt4g  bnuMb,  n»tural  thv. 

i  VwtinU  aveUiM  oi  »  f)ow«r,  enlarged. 

^  A  trmMmft  bnuieb,  natural  the. 

i  A  tndt  (KtxM  UuBtTCiai'l}',  enUrged. 

'  A  luMiM.  (riHti  view,  enlarged. 

6  A  MliU.  nmt  view,  enlarged. 


Silvi  of  North  America 


Tab.DCXXXlX. 


C  h' Fd.von  <M 


\..  'it  "^ 


CRATiCGUS    ENGELMANNl,  Sar& 


A  fiwif^i.v  ihrtxf  • 


Imp.  J  Tti/i^icr  Paru 


Zartaud  JC  . 


! 


li 


Ml 

.11 


\U 


ROSACKJL 


Sta& 
green,  as 


; 


A  net 
a  foot  in  d 
flat-topped 
pale  lentic( 
to  two  inc 
become  lig 
year,  and  ti 
broad  apei 
only  above 
short  broa< 
toward  the 
latter  part 
and  firm,  g 
an  inch  an( 
primary  vei 
extending  i 
deeply  groo 
slightly  gla 
The  stipuU 
leaves  are 
long  and  a 
and  Bometi 
and  are  bo 
glabrous  co 
narrowly  o 
minute  scat 
reflexed  wfa 
rose-colored 
The  fruit 
gated  pedii 
insertion  ol 
quarters  of 
erect  and  i 
rarely  three 
quarter  of  i 

Grata 


■ymr^ 


KOSAUKJt. 


BILVA   OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


ORATiSOnB  PEORDBMBIS. 


Haw. 


Stamens  10 ;  anthers  rose  color.  Leaves  obovate,  iisuaUy  acute,  coriaceous,  dark 
green,  and  lustrous. 

OntMgu*  FaoriMCia,  Swgmit,  BtA.  OaattU,  mi.  6  (1901). 

A  nearly  gltbroui  tree,  uaually  from  twenty  to  twenty-five  fe«t  in  height,  with  a  trunk  oocanonally 
a  foot  in  diameter  covered  with  dark  brown  scaly  bark,  and  itout  spreading  branchei  forming  a  broad 
flat-topped  symmetrical  head.  The  branchlets  are  slender,  somewhat  zigzag,  marked  by  numerous  small 
pale  lenticels,  and  armed  with  straight  or  slightly  curved  thin  dull  chestnut-brown  spines  from  two  inches 
to  two  inches  and  a  half  in  length ;  green  more  or  less  tinged  with  red  when  they  first  appear,  they 
become  light  orange-brown  and  lustrous  during  their  first  season,  lighter  colored  during  their  second 
year,  and  ulUmately  ashy  gray.  The  leaves  are  obovate,  short-pobted  or  occasionally  rounded  at  the 
broad  apex,  giadually  narrowed,  cuneate,  and  entire  below,  sharply  and  often  doubly  serrate,  usually 
only  above  the  uiddle,  with  straight  or  incurved  glandular  teeth,  and  sometimes  irregularly  lobed,  with 
short  broad  terminal  lobes;  when  they  unfold  they  are  villose  on  the  upper  surface,  particularly 
tuward  the  base  of  the  midribs,  and  are  bright  bronze  color,  and  when  the  flowers  open  during  the 
latter  part  of  May  they  are  nearly  fully  grown  and  still  slightly  villose ;  in  the  autumn  they  are  thick 
and  firm,  glabrous,  dark  green  and  very  lustrous  on  the  upper  surface  and  pale  on  the  lower  surface, 
an  inch  and  a  half  to  two  inches  long  and  three  quarters  of  an  inch  wide,  with  four  or  five  pairs  of  thin 
primary  veins  raised  and  conspicuous  on  the  under  side,  deeply  impressed  on  the  upper  side,  and 
extending  very  obliquely  from  the  slender  midribs  to  the  ends  of  the  lobes  ;  they  are  borne  on  broad 
deeply  grooved  petioles  usually  about  a  quarter  of  an  inch  in  length,  more  or  less  wing-margined  and 
slightly  glandular  above  the  middlfl,  and  covered  early  in  the  season  with  short  pale  deciduous  hairs. 
The  stipules  are  linear-lanceolate,  glandular-serrate,  and  caducous.  On  vigorous  leading  shoots  the 
leaves  are  sometimes  deeply  divided  into  broad  acute  lateral  lobes,  and  are  from  two  to  three  inches 
long  and  an  inch  and  a  half  wide,  and  their  stipules  are  foliaceous,  lunate,  coarsely  glandular-serrate, 
and  sometimes  an  inch  in  length.  The  flowers  arc  cup-shaped  and  about  half  an  inch  in  diameter, 
and  are  borne  on  slender  elongated  pedicels,  in  broad  loose  compound  many-flowered  thin-branched 
glabrous  corymbs,  with  linear  conspicuously  glandular  caducous  bracts  and  bractlets.  The  calyx-tube  is 
narrowly  obconic,  and  the  lobes  are  narrow,  acuminate,  entire  or  irregularly  glandular-serrate,  with 
minute  scattered  dark  red  glands,  pubescent  below  the  middle  on  the  upper  surface,  and  spreading  or 
reflexed  when  the  flowers  open.  There  are  ten  stamens  with  slender  elongau:'!  filaments  and  small 
ro8e-colored  anthers,  and  two  or  three  styles  surrounded  at  the  base  by  a  narrow  ring  of  pale  tomentum. 
The  fruit  ripens  early  in  October,  and  hangs  in  drooping  many-fruited  clusters,  on  blender  elon- 
gated pedicels ;  it  is  oblong  or  obovate,  full  and  rounded  at  the  ends,  slightly  depressed  .it  the 
insertion  of  the  stalk,  bright  scarlet  marked  by  many  small  dark  dots,  and  from  one  half  to  three 
qimrters  of  an  inch  in  length ;  the  calyx-cavity  is  broad  and  deep,  and  the  enlarged  lobes  are  usually 
erect  and  incurved  and  persistent ;  and  the  flesh  is  thick,  nearly  white,  firm,  and  dry.  The  two  or 
rarely  three  nutlets  are  thick,  prominently  ridged  on  the  back,  with  broad  rounded  ridges,  and  about  a 
quarter  of  an  inch  long. 

Cratcfgus  Peorienm  grows  in  open  woods  by  the  moist  borders  of  streams  and  depressions  in  the 


M: 


ii.. 


\  \, 


'Ih 


'1 


I 


I-' 


f    ^M 


ill    'fUl 

i 


.S/IFi4   0/*  NORTH  AMERICA. 


■QBAI-Lt 


prairi*  uid  on  hiUsidM  in  0U7  Mill  in  Short  ^uA  Peoria  oouuUm,  Illinoia,  where  it  wu  diaoorered  ig 
September,  1H97,  by  Mr.  Virginiiu  H.  Chue.' 

■  Virglnlu  llabcr  ('h*M  (JuiMrjr  R,  IR76),  m  nn»t  gr«iMliiiii  of  bMn  •  Ul*fi«ph   opcratar  linM   imn,  daTotini   hU  (par*  tinu 

PiiilaiKUr  ('b*M,  Iha  lint  Kpuaopal  bUhep  ol  OUu  aad   lllirau  lu  (ood  MivwiUf*  la  •luii;in(  tlw  pUaU  of  oaotral  Illlaoli,  wbtn 

aad  Ida  fmudar  nf  Kan^na  Colkfa,  Ohio,  aad  ol  Jubilaa  Collaga,  ba  ha«  diauoTafad  tad  diiUofuUbad  tbraa  latanaUii(  apacin  at 

Jabtlaa,  Illiaota,  aaa  burn  al  Wadj  I'ttra,  llliawi,  wkara  ba  ba*  CraUafua. 


EXPLANATION  OF  THK   PLATE. 

Platk  DC  XL    ClUT.ciiu*  PiDMiKimiit. 

1.  A  flowrriiiK  hranrh,  natural  tiic. 

2.  Vartiral  aaction  of  a  Howar,  anUrgad. 

3.  A  fruiting  branch,  natural  ilw. 

4.  A  fruit  <liriila<l  traoivarMily,  anUr|{ad. 
fi.  A  nutlat,  front  view,  anlarK«<l. 

0.  A  nutlat  raar  Tiaw,  anUrged. 


IWNAir.t 

M  diaooverad  ia 


itiai  hit  tpan  llmt 
•Dinl  Illinoit,  whan 
iat*rutia(  ipMiM  i4 


TU)  DCXU 


II 


i 


I' 


s^.«*a»W.  Mivn,  hy  Mr.  V  ,11.- 

•  tciwij  lUbtT  Vhue  (.l»np»r)  >• 
nn'iiw.Vj  Osum,  Out  Hrrt  Epiwopal   l>i«i-i     • 
ynif  1^  (ouodtr  ii(  Konv'W  CvlUift,  (lliio    «A<i   >'    ' 
J,k*b*,  IlhBi>i«.  «u  burn  at  Wail;  Ftlia,  llJuntt. 


tMERICA.  HOB^ 

r.untieft,  Illiuois,  whero  it  was  diaooTBreti 


r»ph   opAntlur  «ino«  1A03,  diiTotinf;   hui   tpw  «  t<n 
^x'vM^t'  in  rttudviiig  tlic  pImqU  nf  oontral  IllUM^'  «K«' 


KXl'LANA! 


••;k  i'I,.vtk. 


H 


Platb  UCXI 

1.  A  floW<Tit.|(    • 

2.  V«rt»cAi  ««■••' 


^    CCOHIKNIIIH. 


3.  A  Iruiri^tK  '^~i-i*iMM    •.•MUf*i  «/*. 

4.  A  fniil  rtifi<t»l  tr»iMv»nM>lv    t^nUrgnJ. 

5.  K  notlat,  froitt  riew.  tolkrgetl. 

6.  A  iiiiUet.  rear  vixw,  oiukrgMi. 


n 


Silva  of  North  America 


Tab.DCXL 


C  n  Fatn'n.  ,M . 


CRAT/EGU3    PEORIENSIS,  Sarfi. 


A  Hiorrt^,r  Mrt»j:' 


Imp  .  7  TanMir.  P^i^u 


ZftrfiUid  J-0. 


! 


I' 

•    f  i 


11 


ilii 


BOSACE/S. 


Stam 
broadly  c 


A  tre 
coTered  wi 
spreading  1 
stout,  sligl 
straight  or 
in  length ; 
summer  gh 
vary  from  ( 
at  the  apex 
spreading  j 
they  unfolc 
caducous  h 
veins,  with 
lustrous  ab( 
and  a  half  I 
on  the  upp4 
winged  pet 
first  appear 
long.  The 
leading  sho 
hanging  do 
broad,  and 
inch  in  len^ 
a  deep  rich 
of  May  and 
or  oblongK) 
and  more  oi 
dark  red  gl 
fifteen  stan 
■Oct'jbei  ant 
drooping  cli 
fully  grown 
dots,  and  f 
paratively  u 
above  the  i 
hard,  pale  g 
ridged  on  tl 


B06AC££. 


aiLVA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


47 


ORAT-fflQUS  PEOUNDA. 


Haw. 


Stamens  usually  10;  anthers  dark  purple.  Leaves  oblong-obovate  to  oval  or 
broadly  ovate,  thin,  lustrous,  coarsely  serrate. 

OrataegUB  (eonnda,  Sargent,  Bot.  Oaxttte,  zxziii.  Ill  (1902). 

A  tree,  from  twenty  to  twenty-five  feet  in  height,  with  a  trunk  ten  or  twelve  inches  in  diameter 
covered  with  thin  bark  broken  into  small  closely  appressed  dark  red-brown  scales,  and  stout  wide- 
spreading  branches  forming  a  broad  symmetrical  round-topped  rather  open  head.  The  branchlets  are 
stout,  slightly  zigzag,  marked  by  large  pale  oblong  lenticels,  and  armed  with  numerous  very  slender 
straight  or  slightly  curved  chestnut-brown  shining  spines  which  vary  from  two  to  two  and  a  half  inches 
in  length  ;  covered  when  they  first  appear  with  soft  matted  pale  hairs,  they  become  during  their  first 
summer  glabrous,  lustrous,  and  light  orange-green,  and  ashy  gray  in  their  second  season.  The  leaves 
vary  from  oblong-obovate  to  oval  or  broadly  ovate,  and  are  acute,  or  rarely  rounded  and  short-pointed 
at  the  apex,  gradually  or  abruptly  narrowed  below,  and  coarsely  and  usually  doubly  serrate,  with  broad 
spreading  glandular  teeth  except  toward  the  base,  which  is  ciliate  with  short  scattered  pale  hairs ;  when 
they  unfold  they  are  dark  green,  lustrous,  and  roughened  on  the  upper  surface  by  short  pale  appressed 
caducous  hairs,  and  on  the  lower  surface  pale  yellow-green,  and  villose  along  the  midribs  and  primary 
veins,  with  occasional  white  hairs  ;  at  maturity  the  leaves  are  thin  but  firm  in  texture,  dark  green  and 
lustrous  above,  pale  yellow-green  below,  from  two  to  two  and  a  half  inches  in  length  and  from  one  inch 
and  a  half  to  two  inches  in  width,  with  stout  midribs  and  remote  primary  veins  only  slightly  impressed 
on  the  upper  surface  and  after  midsummer  often  bright  red  below ;  they  are  bom*  on  stout  more  or  less 
winged  petioles  which  are  grooved  on  the  upper  side,  often  glandular,  coated  with  pale  hairs  when  they 
first  appear  but  soon  glabrous,  dull  red  at  maturity,  and  from  one  half  to  three  quarters  of  an  inch 
long.  The  stipules  are  linear-lai  'colat*  to  narrowly  obovate,  and  glandular-serrate.  On  vigorous 
leading  shoots  the  leaves  are  often  slightly  lobed  with  short  broad  acute  lobes,  and  appear  convex  by  the 
hanging  down  of  the  margins  ;  they  are  from  three  to  four  inches  long  and  from  two  to  three  inches 
broad,  and  their  stipules  are  semilunate,  coarsely  glandular-serrate,  and  frequently  three  quarters  of  an 
inch  in  length.  Late  in  the  autumn  the  leaves  turn  to  brilliant  shades  of  orange  and  scarlet  or  assume 
a  deep  rich  bronze  color.  The  flowers,  which  are  three  quarters  of  an  inch  in  diameter,  open  at  the  end 
of  May  and  are  borne  in  wide  many-flowered  compact  slightly  villose  compound  corymbs,  with  linear 
or  oblong-obovate  coarsely  glandular-serrate  bracts  and  bractlets.  The  calyx-tube  is  narrowly  obconic 
and  more  or  less  villose,  and  the  lobes  are  elongated,  acute,  and  coarsely  glandular-serrate,  with  stipitate 
dark  red  glands  villose  on  the  inner  surface.  There  are  usually  ten  but  occasionally  from  twelve  to 
fifte<»n  stamens  with  °mall  dark  purple  anthers,  and  two  or  three  styles.  The  fruit  ripens  at  the  end  of 
Oct'jbei  ind  hangs  on  slender  pedicels,  which  are  often  half  an  inch  in  length,  in  broad  many-fruited 
drooping  clusters  ;  it  is  short-oblong  to  subglobose,  full  and  rounded  at  the  ends,  covered  until  nearly 
fully  grown  with  long  soft  pale  hairs,  and  at  maturity  dull  orange-red  marked  by  many  small  dark 
dots,  and  from  seven  eighths  of  an  inch  to  an  inch  in  length ;  the  calyx-cavity  is  deep  but  com- 
paratively nurrow,  and  the  lobes  are  linear-lanceolate,  erect  and  incurved,  coarsely  glandular-serrate 
above  the  middle,  and  dark  red  on  the  upper  side  toward  the  base ;  the  flesh  is  very  thick,  firm  and 
hard,  pale  green  dry,  and  sweet.  The  two  or  three  nutlets  are  light-colored,  rounded  and  prominently 
ridged  on  the  back,  and  one  third  of  an  inch  long. 


I 


; 


ii 


'  i  ! 


! 


Ill 


8ILVA   OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


ROSACEiS. 


Cratagus  fecunda  grows  in  rich  woodloudB  near  AUenton,  Missouri,  where  it  was  first  noticed  in 
September,  1882,  by  Mr.  G^rge  W.  Letterman,  and  on  the  bottom-lands  of  the  Mississippi  River  in 
Dliuois  opposite  St  Louis. 

For  many  years  thu  tree  has  inhabited  the  Arnold  Arboretum,  where  it  was  raised  from  seeds 
collected  by  Mr.  Letterman,  and  where  in  the  autumn,  when  it  is  covered  with  its  large  showy  fruits  and 
lustrous  brilliant  leaves,  it  is  a  magnificent  object. 


!    *•! 


i  J 


I!    Ill 


EXPLAITATION  OF  THE  PLATE. 


PI.ATB   DCXLI.      CSATAODB   FECUNDA. 

1.  A  flowering  bnuich,  natural  aixe. 

2.  Vertical  section  of  a  flower,  enlarged. 

3.  A  calyx-lobe,  enlarged. 

4.  A  fruiting  branch,  natural  liie. 

6.  Vertical  Mctiou  of  a  fruit,  natural  size. 

6.  Crots  lection  of  a  fruit,  showing  the  nutlets,  natural  site. 

7.  A  nntlet,  rear  view,  enlarged. 

8.  A  nutlet,  side  view,  enlarged. 

9.  A  leaf  of  a  vigorous  leading  shoot,  nataral  tiia. 


:  I 


ROSACE^ 

first  noticed  in 
ssippi  River  in 

aed  from  seeds 
bowy  fruits  and 


Tat.  DCXLi 


,,^-  i-*   >  '': 


.      I 


1 

^:  if 

GRATA 


ECUNL:. 


4$  SUVA  or  A 

'  r-tlnvjun  fecunda  grows  in  rich  w«>oilfaMi<^ 
■MptMnfew.  1S82,  by  Mr.  George  W.  LeUvm-. 
tfliiMii  ofipMito  St.  Louis. 

F<tr  Ruiuy  yean  thin  ttiti  Hm  inhMKti4H>   •*■• 
mJiaftf*\  liT  Mr.  I>>ttTmrtn,  anrf  whfto  ■;   '^■.■- 

Inarnitlt  Hrilli&Ut  IwiVM,  it  i;i  >\  niatfl.lti-. 


K    HirA. 


Rnf>A< 


VtuMKiuri,  where  it  was  first  noti< 
ov/ttoni-knils  of  tho  Mississippi  Hi., 

A I  Itunrtum,  where  it  wiw  raimd  frooi  ^. 
a  M  oo\ere<l  with  its  large  showy  ttun 


njK    PLATE. 


i>ULim»vn  i«i.'inn>A. 

1  )r<>!t.  nWur»]  aiM. 
•    1%.'   >>!'•» iiig  the  nutlets,  nstural  site. 

"  ;i^»<(tft<{  (bout,  natnnJ  niw). 


Silva  of  North   Ainunca 


Tab,  DCXLI. 


'^  E  F<iir4?n  tJs/- 


CRATAEGUS    FECUNDA,  Sar§^ 

A  RiocreutD  dtraa>  '  /^y,  , /  r.moi^  ParCr. 


Ltirtaud.  jo. 


w 


\S' 


'.  • 


l\ 


j 


\\ 


■m- . 


ItONACEiS. 


Stami 
dull  grecr 


A  nea 
diameter,  bi 
rather  gymi 
and  is  dark 
slender,  8lig 
ohestnut-bro 
appear,  the} 
He-  •  ^d  year 
ghort-poiute 
they  are  oft 
nearly  fully 
texture,  dari 
two  inches  I 
prominent  | 
margined  a1 
quarter  to  a 
long,  caduec 
with  broad  i 
a  half  wide, 
one  half  to 
in  broad  k 
caducous  bri 
acuminate,  t 
sionally  f  rot 
or  four  style 
borne  in  fe 
little  longer 
colored  dots 
broad  shallo 
usually  pers 
are  broad,  p 

Cratced 
city  of  St.  I 
far  south  as 

■  In  a  field 
Cahokia,  Illinol 
fort;  feet  io  hei 


KOt)AC£A 


8ILVA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


49 


ORAT^aUS  EREOTA. 
Haw. 

Stamens  usually  10 ;  anthers  pale  yellow.  Leaves  oval  to  obovate,  acute,  thin, 
dull  green. 

Oratsgua  areoU,  Sugciit,  Bat  Oanette,  zzsi.  218  (1901). 

A  nearly  glabrous  tree,  usually  from  tw.<nty-iive  to  thirty  feet  in  height,  with  a  trunk  a  foot  in 
diameter,  but  occasionally  much  larger,  e.aO.  thick  ascending  branches  which  form  a  wide  open  but 
rather  symmetrical  head.'  The  bark  of  the  trunk  is  divided  irregularly  into  thick  plate-Uke  scales, 
and  is  dark  gray-brown,  or  nearly  black  near  the  base  of  large  trees.  The  branchlets  are  spreading, 
slender,  slightly  zigzag,  marked  by  numerous  large  oblong  pale  lenticels,  and  armed  with  thin  straight 
ohestnut-brown  spines  from  one  to  two  inches  in  length  ;  more  or  less  tinged  with  red  when  they  first 
appear,  they  are  orange  or  reddish  brown  dur  ag  their  first  season  and  gray  or  gray-brown  during  their 
oe '  ""d  year.  The  leaves  are  oval  or  obovate,  }r  on  leading  vigorous  shoots  nearly  orbicular,  acute  and 
short-pointed  at  the  apex,  ouneate  and  entire  a :  the  base,  and  finely  glandular-serrate ;  when  they  unfold 
they  are  often  villose,  with  a  few  short  caduc«  us  pale  hairs  on  the  upper  side  of  the  midribs,  and  are 
nearly  fully  grown  and  dull  green  when  the  flowers  open ;  in  the  autumn  they  are  thin  but  firm  in 
texture,  dark  dull  green  on  the  upper  surfard,  pale  on  the  lower  surface,  from  an  inch  and  a  half  to 
two  inches  long  and  from  an  inch  to  an  fach  and  a  quarter  wide,  with  slender  midribs  and  thin  but 
prominent  primary  veins ;  they  are  borne  on  slender  deeply  grooved  petioles  which  are  often  wing> 
margined  above,  glandular,  with  minute  dark  glands,  usually  dark  red  after  midsummer,  and  from  one 
quarter  to  one  half  of  an  inch  in  length.  The  stipules  are  linear,  glandular-serrate,  about  half  an  inch 
long,  caducous,  and  turn  red  before  falling.  On  vigorous  leading  shoots  the  leaves  are  coarsely  dentate, 
with  broad  nearly  straight  glandular  teeth,  and  are  sometimes  three  inches  long  and  two  inches  and 
a  half  wide.  In  the  autumn  the  leaves  become  a  dull  orange  color.  The  flowers,  which  vary  from 
one  half  to  five  eighths  of  an  inch  in  diameter  and  open  about  the  tenth  of  May,  are  produced 
in  broad  loose  many-flowered  very  thin-branched  compound  corymbs,  with  Unear  glandular-serrate 
caducous  bracts  and  bractlets.  The  calyx-tube  is  narrowly  obconic,  and  the  lobes  are  narrow,  elongated, 
acuminate,  entire,  or  occasionally  obscurely  and  irregularly  serrate.  There  are  usually  ten  but  occa- 
sionally from  eleven  to  thirteen  stamens  with  slender  filaments  and  small  pale  yellow  anthers,  and  three 
or  four  styles  which  are  surrounded  at  the  base  by  a  narrow  ring  of  short  pale  hairs.  The  fruit  is 
borne  in  few-fruited  drooping  clusters,  on  slender  elongated  pedicels ;  it  is  subglobose  and  usually  a 
little  longer  than  broad,  full  and  flattened  at  the  ends,  dark  dull  crimson,  marked  by  occasional  dark- 
colored  dots,  and  from  one  quarter  to  one  third  of  an  inch  in  length ;  the  calyx-tube  is  short,  with  a 
broad  shallow  cavity  and  closely  appressed  lobes  which  are  gradually  narrowed  from  broad  bases  and  are 
usually  persistent  on  the  ripe  fruit ;  the  flesh  is  thin,  yellow,  dry,  and  mealy.  The  three  or  four  nutlets 
are  broad,  prominently  and  doubly  ridged  on  the  back,  and  about  three  sixteenths  of  an  inch  long. 

CrataguH  erecta  inhabits  the  rich  bottom-lands  of  the  Mississippi  River  in  Illinois  opposite  the 
city  of  bt.  Louis,  where  it  was  first  noticed  by  me  in  October,  1899,  and  where  it  is  common  at  least  as 
far  south  as  Fish  Lake. 

In  >  flold  near  Fiah  Lake,  (our  milei  aouth  o(  the  village  of  divides  into  a  number  of  large  auending  branches,  which  la  three 
Cahokia,  Illinois,  there  is  a  tree  of  Cratagui  erecta  which  is  at  least  feet  in  diameter  at  a  point  three  feet  above  the  surface  of  the 
forty  feet  in  height,  with  a  trunk  now  somewhat  injured  where  it      ground. 


: 


li 


i 


"' ! 


I 

J              ■ 

1 

i 

{■^ 

■ 

1      ; 

i 

1  ^j 

■i 

i  ^ 

m 

EXPLANATION  OF  THE  PLATE. 

Platb  OCXLIL    Ckatmuvh  bmcta. 

1.  A  flowering  bnuieh,  natonl  lite. 

2.  Vertiesl  Metion  of  ■  flower,  enlarged. 

3.  A  ftalyi-lobe,  enlarged. 

4.  A  fruiting  branch,  nataral  size. 
G.  Croee  leetion  of  a  fmit,  enlarged. 

6.  A  nutlet,  rear  view,  enlarged. 

7.  A  nutlet,  lide  riew,  enlarged. 


T,i,    T.rvLH 


^ 


ii 


»! 


i'  jiM  ^t-fci V  -!-:  i5 


L%^  . 


►  \fLA.>.AIIU.N   or  THK    PLATE. 


I>L*I*    IICXUI.      0»«T«K«   nUMT4. 
I     A  tammi*^  JnttA.  na»ral  mm 
:    VafttraJ  iwhw  irf  »  H<>w>r.  i>nlar|{«l. 
:v    A  Mifs-Mw.  ■■ImuJ. 
t.  A  f fWMc  fcfw*.  nMant)  liu. 
K   i^vM  MafaMi  <U  «  fraii,  faUrgMl- 
A.  A  avltf*,  rav  tw».  wUrgad. 
7    A  miUm,  (kk  Haw,  MtUrpiL 


Silv»  or  North  Am»nc» 


T»b    DCXLll 


6 


u 


'I 


C  E  Fa>ton  tiW 


liirfau£t  j'O 


CRAT/EGUS  ERECTA  5ar6. 


A Hu\.rmuf'  dtre^^ 


Imp  ,/  Th/i^ar  Paru 


\   ■ 


i      ' 


ROBACK& 


BILVA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


61 


OBAT^aUS  AOUTIFOLIA. 
Haw. 

Stamens  10 ;  anthers  pale  yellow.  Leaves  oval  to  cblong^obovate,  acuteor  acuminate, 
thin,  and  lustrous. 

OratMgua  aoutifoUa,  Sargent,  Bot.  ChuutU,  zni.  217  (1901). 

A  nearly  glabrous  tree,  often  thirty  feet  in  height,  with  a  trunk  eighteen  inches  in  diameter,  and 
stout  wide-spreading  branches  forming  a  symmetrical  round-topped  rather  open  head.  The  bark  of  the 
trunk  is  thin,  dark  reddish  brown,  and  broken  into  thick  closely  appressed  scales.  The  branchlets  are 
slender,  usually  straight,  marked  by  oblong  pale  lenticels,  and  occasionally  armed  with  scattered  thin 
straight  chestnut-brown  spines  which  vary  from  one  to  nearly  two  inches  in  length ;  during  their  first  year 
they  are  dark  chestnut-brown  or  orange-brown,  and  in  their  second  season  dull  gray-brown.  The  leaves 
vary  from  oval  to  oblong-cbovate,  and  are  acute  or  acuminate  or  rarely  rounded  at  the  apex,  cuneate  at 
the  usually  entire  base,  and  finely  crenulate-serrate  often  only  above  the  middle,  with  gland-tipped  teeth ; 
when  the  flowers  open  they  are  nearly  fully  grown,  membranaceous,  and  lustrous  above,  with  occasional 
short  scattered  pale  caducous  hairs  along  the  upper  side  of  the  midribs,  and  at  maturity  they  are  thin 
and  firm  in  texture,  dark  green  and  lustrous  on  the  upper  surface,  pale  yellow-green  on  the  lower  sur- 
face, about  an  inch  and  a  half  long  and  an  inch  wide,  with  slender  light  yellow  midribs  compara- 
tively deeply  impressed  above  and  four  or  five  pairs  of  thin  slightly  raised  primary  veins ;  they  are  borne 
on  slender  deeply  grooved  petioles  which  are  more  or  less  winged  above,  glandular  when  they  first  appear, 
with  minute  dark  caducous  glands,  and  from  one  quarter  to  one  half  of  an  inch  in  length.  The  stipules 
are  linear,  donated,  glandular-serrate,  and  caducous.  On  vigorous  leading  shoots  the  leaves  are  fre- 
quently divided  toward  the  apex  into  two  or  three  pairs  of  short  acute  lobes,  and  are  often  three  inches 
long  and  two  inches  broad.  The  flowers,  which  are  half  an  inch  in  diameter,  open  about  the  tenth  of 
May  and  are  borne  on  slender  pedicels,  in  compound  many-flowered  compact  corymbs,  with  linear 
glandular-serrate  bracts  and  bractlets.  The  cal^x-tube  is  narrowly  obconic  and  the  lobes  are  lanceolate, 
acuminate,  and  entire  or  obscurely  and  irregularly  glandular-serrate,  with  minute  stipitate  dark 
glands.  There  are  ten  stamens  with  small  pale  yellow  anthers,  and  two  or  three  styles.  The  fruit 
ripens  and  falls  at  the  end  of  September  and  hangs  on  slender  pedicels  from  one  half  to  three  quarters 
of  an  inch  in  length,  in  few-fruited  drooping  clusters ;  it  is  oblong,  full  and  rounded  at  the  ends, 
bright  scarlet,  marked  by  occasional  large  dark  dots,  and  about  half  an  inch  long ;  the  calyx-tube  is 
prominent,  with  a  broad  deep  cavity,  and  the  lobes,  which  are  reflexed  and  closely  appressed,  are  often 
deciduous  before  the  fruit  ripens ;  the  flesh  is  thin,  yellow,  dry,  and  mealy.  The  two  or  three  nutlets 
are  thick,  prominently  ridged  on  the  back,  with  broad  rounded  ridges,  and  about  three  sixteenths  of  an 
inch  in  length. 

CrataguH  actttlfoiia  inhabits  bluffs  on  the  Mississippi  River  in  South  St.  Louis,  Missouri,  where 
it  grows  in  open  Oak  woods  and  where  it  appears  to  have  been  first  collected  in  May,  1887,  by  Mr. 
Henry  Eggert.' 


'  Heinrich  Karl  DRniel  Kggert  (March  3,  1S41)  waa  bora  at 
Oitorwieok  in  Pruuia.  Ho  waa  educated  at  the  seminary  in  lUl- 
beratadt,  and  became  a  teacher  in  the  public  aohooli  in  the  neigh- 
boring city  of  Magdeburg.  He  early  became  intareated  in  the 
•tudy  of  planta,  and  before  leaving  Europe  he  had  made  botanical 


oolleotions  in  the  Han  Mountains  and  on  short  jouraeys  to  Kreut- 
nach  and  in  Bohemia.  Dissatisfied  with  the  small  salary  of  a 
German  school-teacher,  Eggert  came  to  America  in  1873,  and  for  a 
few  months  worked  on  a  farm  in  southern  New  York.  From  New 
York  be  went  to  St.  Louis,  and  for  nearly  twenty  years  devoted 


T-  ' 


rf 


m 


\  i- 


8ILVA   OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


B06ACR4. 


UmMlf  to  unmnittiag  kbor  in  diitoibatug  iMwtpk|Mn,  by  whieh 
be  neimd  s  eoni|wt«nM  lofBoient  to  eiublo  him  in  rMont  yran  to 
daroto  hii  time  to  the  oolleetioa  ud  ttiidy  of  plant*.  Stimulated 
bj  the  tdnce  and  eniitanne  ol  Or,  George  Engelmann,  who  became 
hii  friend  aoon  altar  hii  arriTal  in  8t  Louie,  Eggett  ezploied  the 
flora  of  the  imi"*^'f*f  neighborhood  of  the  eity  during  the  early 


yean  of  hie  reeidenee  in  St  Lonlf,  and  at  tbi*  time  oouv  .I'd  lam 
qnantitiee  of  the  neda  of  the  natiTo  Orape-Tine*  to  itock  Europeta 
Tineyard*  raraged  by  the  Phylloiet*.  Altar  retiring  from  biui. 
nee*  Mr.  Eggert  made  aaTaral  annual  jouraey*  to  aonthem  Hii. 
•ouri  and  Arkania*  and  to  TexM  and  the  Mmtbeaetam  Uniud 
Statee,  and  ha*  diaoorered  aeTonl  intereeting  plant*. 


EXPLANATION  OF  THE  PLATE. 


^« 


Plats  DCXLIIL    Cwxrmava  AcrrrnroLU. 

1.  A  flowering  braneb,  natoral  liza. 

2.  Vartieal  aaetioD  of  a  flower,  enlarged. 

3.  A  ealjrx-ioba,  anUrged. 

4.  A  fruitiDg  bnuieh,  nataral  hm. 

6.  Vartieal  aection  of  a  fruit,  natural  lixe. 

6.  CroM  leetion  of  a  fruit,  nataral  siia. 

7.  A  nutlet,  side  riew,  enlarged. 

8.  A  nutlet,  rear  view,  enUrged. 


'     *    R 


T.ib. 


ROSACEA 

I  tim*  ooiivotid  luge 
nwtoKoak  Gnraptu 
r  NtiriBf  from  biui. 
Myi  to  nDUuni  Mii. 
•ontlMaiUra  L'niM 
pbuili. 


n 


\ 


K^H 

m  ' 

ak  i 

■  jil^K  ■' ' 

H|- 

i  |Mk  jl' 

s 

'  Kp^S      ' 

■ 

IBI' 

^H 

:  ^^B§^ 

I 

H 

1' 

■Hi 

■K 

^^^B  K 

■B 

fl^B  s 

j^K        f  f|pf  ' 

WK    \<| 

;^ar:! 

n 


HJLVA      > 


<fMmCA. 


hinHtU  lu  <uu«iiitUin(  Ubur  in  di«%nb«41a|  ■•»>)«(•'' 
W  tMnrwi  >  «wmi»UiiM  iaMeiaat  Is  •■•M*  Mift  •«  rv - 
davot*  tii*  tUM  to  tk*  oollMtioa  wMl  i»xAj  ti  ftnM» 
hi  tin  t<l<ii'«  aud  uutteiM*  u(  Ur.  (i«9ri(<  Ea|i«l>«Mik   «< 
hi*  trvnd  aoon  ifUr  hi*  nrhral  lu  ;>l  Umui  l%s»H  >^.«.«<^<. 
twm  •(  Um  iauMdiale  Micbborlwud  of  tW  mtf  4sa<ni, 


ROiAi  ' 


I  u  iit.  Loiiii,  sad  Kt  thia  tinM  mtttiiial    .. 

I  of  th<  iialive  Onipe-viou  to  itmk  Kuruwu 

■^'HK*"!  by  tb«  rbjIloHra.     Afl«r  ratirinf  firoii  hii« 

'•tf*  aiW*  wvanl  aniiual  jimrneyii  lo  «oHl)i.'ni  M,. 

AvfcMMM  and   to   Teiaj   aiul  tbn  ii(>utb«iutt*ra  l.)u>j 

I  MTeral  iolomtiiig  planti 


SXPLANATKIM   (W    JTHK   PLATE. 

f^Atn  OCX  LI  11.    Cvktjmu?*  Avmirohik. 
i    h.  fivvtriog  bniMbi  aauirsl  bm. 
t    Vuriinti  (Mtkti  «f  •  Amtw        faufad. 

'xwmA.  aatmi  um. 
"-<HMi  ul  a  frvil,  natural  uze. 
li.  Crat*  lai'liwi  •!  a  fnitt,  natural  m*. 

7.  A  wtUtt.  titi*  view.  eniaripNl. 

8.  A  nuNM.  raar  viaw,  «nla«||wi. 


Silva  of  North   America. 


Tab.  IjCXL 


7  8 


!)  0 


;!  I 


<      ^  i 


'  .rf\i^n  aW.. 


CRAT4;:gI]S    AC UTI folia,  S,ir§. 


HUnelif 


■M    i 


ii 


BOSACXB. 


Stami 

Cratngua  a 

(1901). 
OntvguB  C 

N.  Am,  iv. 

A  tree, 
covered  wit! 
into  thin 
spreading  bi 
less  zigzag, 
chestnut-bro 
tinged  witn 
reddish  brov 
gray.  The 
narrowed  fr( 
only  above  t 
then  gray-gr 
veins  with  si 
and  from  thi 
lustrous,  and 
and  the  two 
on  slender  | 
usually  abou 
red  before  fa 
dentate  than 
half  long  an( 
The  flowers 
slender  pedic 
corymbs  and 
villose,  with 
usually  glabi 
There  am  te 
at  the  base  I 
few-fruited  ( 
more  or  less 
prominent,  v 
on  the  ripe  1 
number  and 
CratcK) 
Alabama,  wl 
Charles  Mol 
Crntagm  C 


BOtJACEiS. 


aiLVA   OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


08 


ORAT^aUS  8IONATA. 
Haw. 
Stamens  10.    Leaves  obovate,  rounded  or  acute,  thin,  bright  green,  and  lustrous. 


Crsttegua  signats,  Beadle,  BOtmore  Bot.  StudiM,  i.  42 

(1901). 
OratKgua  Crus-galU,  var.  berberifoUa,  Sargent,  SUva 

N.  Am.  IT.  93  (in  part)  (not  Tomy  &  Gray)  (1892). 


CnttBgua  elUptioa,  Mohr,  CmUrib.  U.  S.  Nat.  Herb. 
560  (PfaiU  Life  of  Alabama)  (not  Alton)  (1901). 


A  tree,  usually  from  fifteen  to  eighteen  feet  in  height,  with  a  tall  stem  four  or  five  inches  in  diameter 
covered  with  ashy  gray  bark,  which  is  often  nearly  black  near  the  base  of  old  stems,  and  separates  freely 
into  thin  plate-like  scales  displaying  when  they  fall  the  bright  red  inner  bark,  and  many  ascending  or 
spreading  branches  forming  a  round-topped  or  oval  compact  head.  The  branchlets  are  stout,  more  or 
less  zigzag,  marked  by  numerous  large  pale  lenticels,  and  armed  with  stout  nearly  straight  bright 
chestnut-brown  spines  from  one  to  two  inches  in  length ;  when  they  first  appear  they  are  dark  green 
tinged  witn  red  and  covered  with  long  white  matted  hairs ;  soon  becoming  ghibrous,  they  are  bright 
reddish  brown  during  their  first  season,  dull  gray-brown  during  their  second  year,  and  ultimately  ashy 
gray.  The  leaves  are  obovate,  rounded  and  often  short-pointed  or  acute  at  the  apex,  gradually 
narrowed  from  near  the  middle  and  cuneate  at  the  entire  base,  and  sharply  glandular-serrate  generally 
only  above  the  middle ;  when  the  Sowers  open  early  in  April  they  are  usually  only  half  grown  and  are 
then  gray-green,  and  coated  on  the  upper  surface  and  on  the  lower  side  of  the  midribs  and  principal 
veins  with  short  pale  hairs ;  and  at  maturity  they  vary  from  an  inch  and  a  half  to  two  inches  in  lengrth 
and  from  three  quarters  of  an  inch  to  an  inch  in  width,  and  are  thin  but  firm  in  texture,  dark  green, 
lustrous,  and  slightly  pilose  on  the  upper  surface,  paler  and  pubescent  below  along  the  slender  midribs 
and  the  two  to  five  pairs  of  primary  veins  which  extend  toward  the  apex  of  the  leaf ;  they  are  borne 
on  slender  glandular  grooved  petioles  winged  above  by  the  decurrent  bases  of  the  leaf-blades,  and 
usually  about  a  third  of  an  inch  in  length.  The  stipules  are  linear,  coarsely  glandular-serrate,  bright 
red  before  falling,  and  caducous.  On  leading  shoots  the  leaves  are  often  broadly  oval,  more  coarsely 
dentate  than  the  leaves  of  lateral  branchlets,  sometimes  incisely  lob'Kl,  and  frequently  two  inches  and  a 
half  long  and  two  inches  wide,  and  their  stipu'es  are  foliaceous,  lunate,  and  coarsely  glandular-dentate. 
The  flowers  are  about  three  quarters  of  an  inch  in  diameter  and  bad-smelling,  and  are  produced  on 
slender  pedicels  coated  with  pale  matted  hairs,  like  the  branches  of  the  compound  few-flowered  compact 
corymbs  and  their  linear  glandular^serrate  bracts  and  bractlets.  The  calyx-tube  is  narrowly  obconic  and 
villose,  with  long  matted  hairs,  and  the  lobes  are  narrow,  acute,  entire  or  irregularly  glandulai^serrate, 
usually  glabrous  on  the  outer  surface,  villose  on  the  inner  surface,  and  reflexed  after  the  flowers  open. 
There  arn  ten  stamens  with  slender  filaments  and  small  anthers,  and  from  three  to  five  styles  surrounded 
at  the  base  by  a  few  pale  hairs.  The  fruit  ripens  and  falls  toward  the  end  of  October  and  is  borne  in 
few-fruited  droopmg  slightly  villose  clusters ;  it  is  oblong,  full  and  rounded  at  the  ends,  dark  red, 
more  or  less  pruinose,  marked  by  numerous  large  pale  dots,  and  about  half  an  inch  long  ;  the  calyx  is 
prominent,  with  a  deep  narrow  cavity  and  elongated  closely  appressed  lobes  which  are  usually  persistent 
on  the  ripe  fruit ;  the  flesh  is  thin,  yellow,  dry,  and  insipid.  The  nutlets  vary  from  three  to  five  in 
number  and  are  prominently  ridged  and  grooved  on  the  back,  and  about  a  quarter  of  an  inch  in  length. 
Cratagiis  nignata  inhabits  open  glades  and  dry  copses  of  the  Pine-covered  coast  plain  of  southern 
Alabama,  where  it  is  common  in  Washington  and  Mobile  counties.  Discovered  many  years  ago  by  Dr. 
Charles  Mohr,  it  has  been  variously  considered  one  of  the  forms  of  the  flava  group  and  as  a  variety  of 
Crat(egu8  Cnin-galli  until  its  true  cLaracters  were  determined  by  Mr.  C.  D.  Beadle. 


■iii 


ill 


EXPLANATION  OF  THE  PLATE. 


Platb  DCXLIV.    Chataqcs  iioiiata. 

1.  A  6oweriii|[  bnuieb,  lutanl  liia. 

2.  Vartinl  laetion  of  •  flowar,  •nkrgad. 

3.  A  caljrx-lobc,  tnUrged. 

4.  A  fruiting  branch,  natoral  itu. 

6.  Vertical  Motion  of  a  fruit,  natural  liM. 

6.  CroH  Motion  of  a  fruit,  natural  liu. 

7.  A  nutlet,  side  Wew,  enlarged. 

8.  A  nutlet,  rear  riew,  enlarged. 


Ta>..  DCXLIV 


if 


^  )  9 


r  \  r-\\  ATA 


I 


i: 


.■1 


I' 


K.\PlA.>All<)N   OK  THE    I'l^TE. 

Pi.Art  IM'XLIV.    CkJiTWKm  hohata. 

1.  K  ftx^rtng  hrMwb,  nktaral  riie. 

2.  VvMiMii  MHton  <4  a  fivwer,  anUrgwl. 

3.  A.  Mif  ■4i>b<>.  KiiiatrKwI. 

4.  A  'ruitiuf  >irw<-h.  twturtl  lit*. 

6.  V«rtieal  M<iti<M  M  •  (ruit,  n»tunl  •ii«. 

0.  Ckmh  MwtivMi  of  »  fruit,  natural  (uo. 

1.  A  nuUai,  "Wo  "WW   •nlarged. 
8.  A  nutl«.  row  v.«w,  t'olargmi. 


SP 


Silva  of  North  America. 


Ciif'aavnti^. 


CRAT/EGUS    SIGNATA    Bead. 


T»b  DCXLIV 


A  Hirti-^etta:  ilu-at^. 


Irtip. 


'.  Ta/u*4ir,  J'arur, 


ZartOAd^  sCr. 


% 


w 


\ 


BOHACEA 


Staw 
or  acute 


A  trei 

with  dark 

iipreading 

marked   b; 

chestnut-bi 

they  firat  i 

their  first  i 

or  acute  a 

entire  at  tti 

are  dark  g 

veioB ;  neai 

and  very  It 

Hide  of  th( 

quarter  to  i 

midribs  de< 

grooved  vil 

stipules  arc 

long,  and 

serrate,  and 

winged  pet 

an  inch  to  i 

with  linear 

the  lobes  a 

anthesis.    ' 

surrounded 

in  Novembi 

is  oblong,  i 

with  a  broi 

before  the 

prominent!} 

Cratai 
where  it  wa 

This  ti 
white  flowei 
years  has  ii 


HIMACiM. 


BILVA   OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


» 


ORATiBOUS  BUSHn. 


Haw. 


Stamens  20 ;  anthers  rose^olored.  LeaveH  obovato  to  elliptical,  broad  and  rounded 
or  acute  at  the  apex. 

Oratagua  BnohU,  SMgnit,  Bot.  Chutt*,  luili.  109  (1903). 

A  tree,  from  fifteen  to  twenty  feet  in  height,  with  a  tntnk  eight  or  ten  inches  in  diameter  covered 
with  dark  red-brown  fiaaured  bark  broken  on  the  surface  into  closely  appressed  scales,  and  small 
upreading  branches  forming  a  broad  open  irregular  head.  The  branchlets  are  slender,  nearly  straight, 
marked  by  occasional  oblong  pale  lenticels,  and  unarmed  or  sparingly  armed  with  stout  straight 
chestnut-brown  spines  varying  from  an  inch  and  a  half  to  an  inch  and  three  quarters  in  length  ;  when 
they  first  appear  they  are  orange-green  and  glabrous,  becoming  bright  red-brown  and  lustrous  during 
their  first  season  and  dull  gray-brown  in  their  second  year.  The  leaveH  are  obovate,  broad  and  rounded 
or  acute  at  the  ap«,  or  elliptical  and  acute,  gradually  narrowed  from  near  the  middle,  cuneate  and 
entire  at  the  base,  and  coarsely  serrate  above,  with  straight  gland-tipped  teeth ;  when  they  unfold  they 
are  dark  green  above,  pale  below,  and  villose,  with  short  white  hairs  on  both  sides  of  the  midribs  and 
veins ;  nearly  fully  grown  when  the  flowers  open  about  the  twentieth  of  April,  they  are  then  dark  green 
and  very  lustrous  on  the  upper  surface  and  gUbrous,  with  the  exception  of  a  few  hairs  on  the  upper 
Hide  of  the  midribs,  and  at  maturity  they  are  coriaceous,  very  lustrous,  glabrous,  from  an  inch  and  a 
quarter  to  an  inch  and  a  half  in  length  and  from  half  an  inch  to  an  inch  in  width,  with  stout  yellow 
midribs  deeply  impressed  above  and  few  slender  prominent  primary  veins ;  they  are  borne  on  stout 
grooved  villose  ultinuttely  glabrous  petioles  margined  abovo  and  usually  about  half  an  inch  long.  The 
stipules  are  linear-lanceolate  or  oblanceolate,  glandular-serrate  or  entire,  about  a  quarter  of  an  inch 
long,  and  caducous.  On  vigorous  leading  shoots  the  leaves  are  usually  elliptical,  acute,  coarsely 
serrate,  and  frequently  three  inches  long  and  an  inch  and  a  half  wide,  with  stouter  and  more  broadly 
winged  petioles  than  those  of  the  leaves  of  fertile  branches.  The  flowers  vary  from  three  quarters  of 
an  inch  to  an  inch  in  diameter  and  are  produced  in  broad  compound  many-flowered  glabrous  corymbs, 
with  linear  entire  caducous  bracts  and  braotlets.  The  calyx-tube  is  broadly  obconio  and  glabrous,  and 
the  lobes  are  elongated,  linear-lanceolate,  entire  or  occasionally  slightly  dentate,  and  reflexed  after 
anthesis.  There  are  twenty  stamens  with  large  bright  rose-colored  anthers,  and  two  or  three  styles 
surrounded  at  the  base  by  conspicuous  tufts  of  white  hairs.  The  fruit,  which  ripens  late  in  October  or 
in  November,  is  borne  on  slender  pedicels  about  half  an  inch  long,  in  few-fruited  drooping  clusters ;  it 
is  oblong,  full  and  rounded  at  the  ends,  g;Teen  tinged  with  dull  red,  and  a  third  of  an  inch  in  leng;th, 
with  a  broad  shallow  calyx-cavity  and  only  slightly  enlarged  erect  and  incurved  lobes  which  mostly  fall 
before  the  fruit  ripens ;  the  flesh  is  thin,  green,  dry,  and  hard.  The  two  or  three  nutlets  are  broad, 
prominently  ridged  on  the  back,  with  high  rounded  ridges,  and  a  quarter  of  an  inch  long. 

Cratagus  Bushii  inhabits  rich  upland  woods  near  Fulton  on  the  Red  River  in  southern  Arkansas, 
where  it  was  discovered  in  April,  1900,  by  Mr.  B.  F.  Bush.' 

This  tree,  one  of  the  most  beautiful  of  the  American  Thorns,  with  its  large  and  abundant  pure 
white  flowers  and  lustrous  leaves,  is  fittingly  associated  with  the  name  of  its  discoverer,  who  for  many 
yearH  has  industriously  explored  the  forests  and  prairies  of  the  region  immediately  west  of  the  lower 
MJRsissippi  River. 

>  See  Tii.  no. 


i 


I 


I: 


II  ii 


EXPLANATION  OF  THE  PLATE. 

Plati  DCXLV.    CRATJtaua  Bdsru. 

1.  A  flowaring  branch,  natunl  kixe. 

2.  Vertieml  section  of  >  flower,  enlarged, 

3.  A  eitlyx-lobe,  enlarged. 

4.  A  fruiting  branch,  nataral  liie. 

6.  Vertical  Mction  of  a  fruit,  nataral  eiie. 

6.  CrtMS  ieetioB  of  a  fruit,  nataral  liie. 

7.  A  nutlet,  iide  riew,  enlarged. 

8.  A  nutlet,  rear  riew,  enlarged. 

9.  A  leaf  of  a  smalMaaTed  form,  natural  liia. 


In 


j  '( 


T«b  DCXLV. 


\  . 

N 

T/tr.'^-      BUSH  11 


J  4 


I 


ji  ! 


II 1. 


il 


K 


M  W: 

I    -1. 


KXFI.ANATION   OK  THE   PlJiTE. 


Vvxn  DCXLV.     (sAt.iMiim  Bi-dhii. 

1.  A  lowering  branch.  t^iUttrat  >i>«, 

2.  Wrtio&l  M«tion  <><  u  I*  >w»r,  enUrn«d. 

3.  A  i»lyTlolw,  >inuir^«<i. 

4.  A  (niifjng  l.r»/ieh.  natural  «i»* 

It.   Vertical  Mxrtion  of  a  fruit,  uatural  »ite. 

>\.  OroM  switioii  of  »  fro  it,  natonl  um. 

7.  A  nutJct,  aide  tIaw.  rnUrfciy) 

R.  A  natlst,  r«*r  view,  etilaixml- 

'.)    A  leaf  of  a  «nialUI*aT«l  form,  natural  nix*. 


Silvd  of  Nortli  Amerua. 


Tab  DCXLV. 


.*'  F,i.run  t/M 


1)    % 


LiirtuUfi  >.rc 


CRAT/EGUS    BUSHll.Sar^ 


,1 


li 


tr: 


\\\ 


% 


ifU: 


I 

Ulra 

1 

K 

1 

IHI 

%   ' 

1  'kI^kSK  I 

i 

1 

I  ! 

'  Neat  Shrei 
21, 1001.    A  ai 


SOeACKA. 


SILVA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


67 


ORAT^OUS  EDITA. 
Haw. 
Stamens  20 ;  anthers  roseniolored.     Leaves  oblong-obovate,  acute,  scabrous. 

Orattegua  edita,  Sargent,  Bot.  Oautte,  xzxiii.  110  (1902). 

A  tree,  in  low  moiat  ground  Bometunes  forty  feet  in  height,  with  a  trunk  a  foot  in  diameter  free  of 
branches  for  eighteen  or  twenty  feet  and  covered  with  dark  red-brown  fissured  scaly  bark,  and  stout 
horizontal  branches  forming  a  broad  rounded  symmetrical  head  ;  or  on  the  drier  soil  of  low  hills  much 
smaller  and  generally  from  twenty  to  twenty-five  feet  in  height.  The  branchlets  are  slender,  nearly 
straisht,  marked  by  numerous  large  oblong  dark  lenticels,  and  armed  with  few  scattered  stout  straight 
chestnut-brown  ultimately  dull  gray  spines  which  vary  from  one  to  two  inches  in  length  ;  when  they 
first  appear  the  branchlets  are  orangtrbrown  and  villose,  and  in  their  second  year  they  are  dull  red-brown 
and  often  sparingly  villose,  becoming  dull  light  gray-brown  during  the  following  year.  The  leavea  are 
oblongK>bovate  or  rarely  oval,  acute  at  the  gradually  narrowed  apex,  r  dually  narrowed  from  near  the 
middle  and  cuneate  at  the  entire  base,  and  coarsely  and  often  doubly  serrate  above,  with  glandular 
teeth ;  when  the  flowers  open  they  are  lustrous  and  scabrous  above,  with  short  rigid  pale  hairs,  and  are 
pubescent  or  puberulous  below,  particularly  on  the  slender  midribs  and  remote  slightly  raised  primary 
veins ;  and  at  maturity  they  are  dark  green,  lustrous,  and  slightly  roughened  on  the  upper  surface, 
pale  yellow-green  and  scabrous  on  the  lower  surface,  from  an  inch  and  a  half  to  two  inches  in 
length  and  from  one  half  of  an  inch  to  an  inch  in  width ;  they  are  borne  on  stout  grooved  petioles 
winged  above  by  the  decurrent  bases  of  the  leaf-blader,  villose,  ultimately  pubescent  or  puberulous,  and 
from  one  third  to  one  half  of  an  inch  long.  The  stipules  are  linear,  glandular-serrate,  villose,  and 
cadacous.  On  vigorous  leading  shoots  the  leaves  are  often  slightly  divided  into  lateral  lobes,  more 
coarsely  serrate  than  the  leaves  of  fertile  branches,  and  sometimes  three  inches  lung  and  an  inch  and  a 
half  wide,  with  stouter  and  more  broadly  margined  petioles.  The  flowen,  which  open  from  the 
fiftee-<th  to  the  twentieth  of  Apt'l,  vary  from  one  half  to  two  thirds  of  an  inch  in  diameter,  and  are 
produced  in  villose  few-flowered  slender-branched  compound  narrow  corymbs,  with  linear  glandular 
caducous  bracts  and  bractlets.  The  calyx-tube  is  narrowly  obconic,  glabrous  or  slightly  villose  below, 
and  the  lobes  are  linea^lanceolate,  usually  entire  or  obscurely  glandular-serrate,  glabrous  on  the  outer 
surface,  puberulous  on  the  inner  surface,  .:jid  reflexed  after  the  flowers  open.  There  are  twenty 
stamens  with  small  rose-colored  anthers,  and  two  or  three  styles.  The  fruit  ripens  late  in  October  or 
early  in  November,  and  is  borne  on  stout  glabrous  or  slightly  villose  pedicels  usually  about  one  half 
of  an  inch  in  length,  in  few-fruited  drooping  clusters ;  it  is  short-oblong,  full  and  rounded  at  the  ends, 
slightly  pruinose,  dull  green  tinged  with  red,  from  one  quarter  to  one  third  of  an  inch  in  length,  and 
surmounted  by  the  now  prominent  calyx-tube  with  a  broad  cavity  and  elongated  spreading  lobes  which  are 
puberulous  on  the  inner  surface  and  often  deciduous  before  the  ripening  of  the  fruit ;  the  flesh  is  very 
thin,  green,  dry,  and  hard.  The  two  or  three  nutlets  are  thick,  prominently  ridged  on  the  back,  with 
broad  low  rounded  ridges,  light  brown,  and  a  quarter  of  an  inch  long. 

CrntaguK  edita,  which  is  one  of  the  tallest  and  most  beautiful  of  the  Thorn-lrees  of  the  southern 
states,  inhabits  low  wet  woods  and  the  borders  of  streams,  where  it  grows  to  its  largest  size,  and  the 
Oak  and  Pine  forests  which  cover  dry  hills,  and  is  distributed  from  the  valley  of  the  Sabine  River  in 
Texas  to  western  Louisiana.'  It  was  first  distinguished  in  April,  1901,  by  W.  M.  Canby,  B.  F.  Bush, 
and  C.  S.  Sargent,  near  Marshall,  Texas. 


I   :! 


'  Near  ShreTeport,  Louisiana,  Canb; ,  Bn»h,  and  Sargent,  April 
!il,  1901.    A  specimen  of  Cratcgus,  with  very  young  buds  only, 


collected  by  me  at  Opelousaa,  Louisiana,  March  20, 1900,  is  proh» 
bly  of  this  species. 


EXPLANATION  OF  THE  PLATE. 

Plate  DCXLVL    Ciut.boui  bbita. 

1.  A  flowering  branch,  natunl  um. 

2.  Vertical  Mction  of  a  flower,  enlarged. 

3.  A  calyx-lobe,  enlarged. 

4.  A  fruiting  branch,  natural  size. 

6.  Vertical  aeetion  of  a  fruit,  natural  aize. 

6.  Crou  section  of  a  fruit,  natural  lixe. 

7.  A  nutlet,  side  view,  enlarged. 

8.  A  nutlet,  rear  view,  enlarged. 


!. 


I  If' 


\i^. 


Tab  DlXl.VI 


0; 


If 


ir' 


^ 


i: 


n 


A I    N' 


i- 


Ul 


lir 


U-    HI 


EXPLANATION  OK    IMK   PLATE. 


Plat*  DCXLVL    Ciutjious  boita. 
1     A  rtuwsring  brnurh.  nstunl  tin. 
'J.   Vwtie*]  aectiun  of  n  flower,  rnUrgsd. 

3.  A  aalyv  l>ihe,  enlaritnl. 

4.  A  fmitiiiK  branch,  naturtJ  sue. 

6.   Vrr(i<**l  wetion  o{  »  fruit,  natural  liu. 

6.  CruM  Mctaon  nf  a  Iruil,  natural  lite. 

7.  A  Roljet.  ti'ie  virw,  enlar^<^. 
)*.   A  n<ii;»i,  rear  view,  nnlargiMt. 


iilva  of  North   Amfncd 


Tab  DCXLV. 


I 


I)  (» 


CRAT/EGUS    EDITA.Sarg 


I'  i] 


!(    ■     \    ; 


ROSACIil. 


OnUegua 


ROeACKiB. 


aiLVA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


ORAT^OUS  MOHBI. 
Haw. 


Stamens  20;  anthers  light  yellow, 
and  lustrous. 


Leaves  usually  obovate,  acute,  dark  green, 


OraUegvia  Mohrl,  B«mU«,  Bat.  OoMtUt,  UTiii.  416  (1899).  — Mohr,  Contrib.  V.  S.  Nat.  Herb.  ri.  648  {Plant  Lift  of 

Alahanui).  —  G»Uing«r,  Fl.  Ttnntutt,  98. 

A  tree,  from  twenty  to  thirty  feet  in  height,  with  a  tall  Rtraight  stem  six  or  eight  inches  in 
diameter  covered  with  thin  ashy  gray  or  light  red-brown  bark  and  sometimes  armed  with  long  simple 
or  branched  spines,  and  spreading  sUghtly  pendulous  branches  forming  a  broad  rather  open  sym- 
metrical head.  The  branohlets  are  slender,  straight  or  slightly  zigzag,  marked  by  occasional  dark 
oblong  lenticels  and  armed  with  thin  nearly  straight  bright  chestnut-brown  shining  spines  from  an 
inch  to  an  inch  and  a  half  in  length ;  when  they  first  appear  they  are  dark  green  and  glabrous 
or  slightly  villose,'  and  during  their  first  season  they  are  bright  chestnut-brown  and  lustrous,  and  dark 
brown  or  gray  in  their  second  year.  The  leaves  are  obovate  or  rhomboidal,  acute  or  acuminate 
at  the  apex,  gradually  narrowed  and  cuneate  at  the  entire  base,  and  coarsely  and  occasionally  doubly 
aerrute  above,  with  straight  or  usually  incurved  eglandular  teeth ;  when  they  unfold  they  are  glabrous 
and  slightly  villose  along  the  midribs  and  the  lower  side  of  the  principal  veins,  and  at  maturity 
thoy  are  thin  and  firm  or  subcoriaceous,  dark  green  and  very  lustrous  above,  pale  below,  from  an 
inch  to  an  inch  and  a  half  long  and  from  two  thirds  of  an  inch  to  an  inch  wide,  with  usually  four 
pairs  of  thin  primary  veins  and  stout  midribs  which  in  the  autumn  are  bright  red  and  sometimes 
puberulous  on  the  under  side ;  they  are  borne  on  short  stout  grooved  petioles  more  or  less  winged 
toward  the  apex  and  frequently  red  at  maturity.  The  stipules  are  linear,  finely  glandular^errate, 
and  often  half  an  inch  long.  On  vigorous  leading  shoots  the  leaves  are  sometimes  three  inches  long 
and  two  inches  wide,  and  mostly  broadly  oval  and  rounded  at  the  apex,  or  ovate  and  acute ;  more 
coarsely  and  more  generally  doubly  serrate  than  the  leaves  of  lateral  branchlets,  they  are  frequently 
divided  toward  the  apex  into  short  broad  acute  lobes,  and  their  petioles  are  broadly  winged  and 
occasionally  glandidar,  with  minute  dark  glands.  The  flowers,  which  open  in  the  beginning  of  May 
when  the  leaves  are  nearly  fully  grown  and  are  cup-shaped  and  about  three  quarters  of  an  inch  in 
diameter,  are  produced  on  slender  elongated  pedicels,  in  loose  thin-branched  many-flowered  compound 
gkbrous  or  villose  lax  corymbs,  with  linear-acute  caducous  bracts  and  bractlets.  The  calyx-tube  is 
narrowly  obconic,  glabrous  or  occasionally  pilose  below,  and  the  lobes  are  linear-lanceolate,  entire  or 
finely  glandular-serrate,  and  reflexed  after  the  flowers  open.  There  are  twenty  stamens  with  small 
light  yellow  anthers,  and  from  three  to  five  styles  surrounded  at  the  base  by  a  narrow  ring  of  pale 
hairs.  The  fruit  ripens  about  the  middle  of  October  and  hangs  gracefully  on  the  elongated  thin 
bright  red  pedicels,  in  many-fruited  drooping  clusters;  it  is  subglobose  or  short-oblong,  somewhat 
flattened  at  the  apex,  full  and  rounded  at  the  base,  bright  orange-red,'  and  about  a  third  of  an  inch 


'  At  nirminghun,  where  this  ipMie*  ia  verj  abiindknt  on  the  low 
wet  ll»t«  west  of  the  city  and  on  the  dry  hilla  which  larround  it,  it 
is  quite  gUbroui  with  the  exception  of  a  few  caduoou*  hiiin  on  the 
upper  side  of  the  midriba  of  very  young  leavei.  The  apeciinena, 
however,  collected  at  Rome,  Georgia,  and  distributed  from  the 
Uillmore  Herbarium  an*  more  or  leas  villose  while  young  along 
the  midribs  and  veins,  and  the  corymbs  are  pubeaoent  or  villose. 


Theaa  haira  aeem  to  diaappear  early  in  the  aeaaon,  but  on  a  speci- 
men which  I  collected  on  the  limestone  hilla  of  West  Nashville, 
Tenneaaee,  on  October  12, 1890,  tlie  under  side  of  the  midriba  was 
atiU  puberuloua. 

'  Mr.  Beadle  deacribes  the  fruit  of  Cralagus  Mohri  aa  "  dark 
red  or  greenish  red,  or  frequently  covered  with  black  spota  and 


1     I 


I   I 


60 


8ILVA    OF  NOHTII  AMERICA. 


KCHACIA 


in  diameter ;  the  calyi  is  prominent,  with  a  «hort  tiibci,  a  cliwp  broaii  cavity,  and  uiualljr  ereit  luhn 
which  often  fall  before  the  fruit  ripeni ;  the  fle«h  In  thin,  yellow,  dry,  and  mealy.  The  nutleti,  wliiih 
ar«  ifenerally  three  in  number,  are  prominently  ridged  and  k^oovmI  on  the  bavk  and  about  a  quarter  (if 
an  inrh  long. 

t'mtaijuB  Mohri  ii  diatributed  from  wmtorn  Georgia  to  central  Alabama  and  MitMiuippj,'  anil 
northward  to  middle  Tenneuee.  Attaining  ittt  largeiit  size  in  the  low  Hat  woo<U  of  central  Aluliania, 
where  it  ia  oftvn  very  abundant,  it  also  agcciida  into  tho  po«>rt>r  and  drier  Hoil  of  hilUideii  unci  low 
mountain  alopew.  Thia  handaome  tree  will  help  to  keep  green  the  name  of  CharleH  Mohr,  the  Htudent 
of  the  Hora  of  Alabama. 

blotobM,"  but  »t  Hirniin(hini,  Alabsm*,  whrn>  I  flnt  mw  thii  %t—  Miihn  wu  Dr.  A.  W.  Chapman,  aa  than  U  in  hii  hcrbanum  ur^ 

on  Ortobar  \  IHIM,  Iha  fruil  if  bright  uraiiga-rrd.  MrTtil  at  Hiltniura  a  iiwciinrn  i>f  Ihii  i|i*i'iri  labalail  ( 'ni/irf/iu  ( 'ni,. 

'  A   •pacinian  «l  CnUifgut  Mn.\ri  waa  cnllartail   at  Culiimbui,  i^iJ'<  o<>ltecta<l  at  Koinf,  (ionrKia,  withuut  ilato  or  nanir  iif  nillfriiv 

Miuiaaippi,  bjr  Or    I'harlaa  Muhr  in   Nominlxir,  IHIKI.     Ilv  hail  hut  ni>  iluubt  gathaml  bjr  (  hapuiau  hiniMlf  prtTioua  to  IHUUdur- 

pri'vliMuljr  collactnl  it  in  the  Uiokout  Mountain  rv(i»n  of  north-  iiig  una  of  hia  tiiita  tu  Kume. 
•aalara  AUbama,  bat  piobabljr  tba  awliaat  rollactar  uf  Cralagui 


EXPLANATION   OV  THE   PLAI'E. 


t 


I'latc  rX'XLVII.    C'RATAiiua  Moiihi. 
1.  A  H<iw«rin|{  branch,  natural  >it«. 
•.  A  lluwvr  Iwfure  the  ex|ianaion  <>(  the  (letala,  natural  liie. 

3.  Vertical  aertion  of  a  tlowpr  witli  tlie  |)atalt  remoretl,  natural  iix*. 

4.  A  fruiting  branch,  natural  aite. 

H.  Croaa  awtion  of  a  fruit  ahowinK  llii>  nutleta,  natural  iiu. 
G.  Vertical  aection  of  a  fruit,  natural  aite. 

7.  A  nutlet,  aiile  tipw,  enlari;eil. 

8.  A  nutlet,  front  view,  enlarged. 


?? 


KCKtACH 

ually  erett  loh«« 
ie  nutletM,  which 
out  a  quarter  of 

Mi»HiMi|)|)i,'  and 
■entral  Alahimu, 
illMideii  mill  low 
ohr,  the  ittuilent 


In  hU  Iwrlwriura  pn. 
'  iir  iKmr  ipf  lullrrtur, 


T»t; 


m 


^  ■^}  J  • 


•RAT^GUS    MOHRI 


^% 


in  <li«m«ter  ;  the  cj»l)"» 
which  "ft*-!!  fill  lief  !•' 
«re  iftsiienilly  tlin«e  i«  '■ 
an  iurh  lorjj 

northwari  to     )  i 
«her«  it  i*  irftoi  vivf 
mouiittir:  ■ ' 
of  lh»  '• 


■  K  A. 


RO«AI.'H 


,    DMvrtil  cavity,  and  usually  fn«<-t  loW^ 

M.  dry,  and  mealy.     The  millet*,  whlii 

:;iv«Yi)d  on  the  back  and  ahout  a  qnaHcnr 

•  '  I'iMitral  Alabama  and  Mii««i».i.(.i.  ,a.  • 

'     1)1  ilm  low  Hat  woods  of  centnil  Alalianw 

'    ;nxir*^r  and  drier  Hoil  of  hilLsidf^  >iiul  Idh 

'iv«u  th«  name  of  Charles  Mohr,  tb*  "tmieni 


uta  Or  A  W.  rimftmAii.  lui  tlieni  ia  in  tnx  : 
■.i  tiiltMmrv  :♦  tp^rimei  of  this  v ,iei'te»  Ul)ele«l  ' 
''■'■<  la-.*  .«*  K*>riir,  (icorjjta,  wjtlKMit  tiatt"  or  uar 

if  am  vtMU  Ui  Rome. 


;  fr. 


MK    I'LATK. 


;\r.».ii>  .MoiiKl. 


tf  tito  |<ruls.  natural  the. 
•••  >li>  jietalti  removed,  natural  lit*. 


..  -ht'  iiutleta,  nalaral  rie. 


WHACt.1 

jually  erwt  Idl,, 
he  uutlfU.  wlij, 

lOUt    Jt   r|li;in('r  . 

cHntnil  Ala'un 
lilLtidm  ,tnil  h, 
[ohr,  Uk  »tiid,.i 


in  hi»   ■  It  |- 

o  »r  luum  ■•'  i.llivi. 


Silva  of  North  America. 


Tab    DCXLVIl, 


^ 


Dl 


<* '  £'/a.n>n  t/a/ 


CRATiCGUS    M0HRl,Sar6 


//f/>jWv  .i^' 


*<  /i/cir0i4ir-  Jtr^tr  ' 


Ay  ^^  Th^ifAiT  Parur 


ROSACEA 


Stam 
aceous,  da: 

Crategufl  pi 
Verein.  24( 
Deutsche 
Urgi,  40,  f. 
Mespilus  pru 
PhsBnopynm 
1C4  (1847), 

A  nearl 
covered  with 
forming  a  \ 
The  hranchU 
stout  nearly 
they  first  ap] 
darker  they  i 
and  ultimatel 
at  the  entire 
teeth,  and  di 
they  are  brig 
the  base  of  1 
May,  they  an 
dark  bhie-gre 
inch  and  a  hi 
impressed  on 
the  lobes ;  th 
bases  of  the 
and  in  the  £ 
slender  teeth 
the  leaves  an 
than  the  leav 
and  more  br( 
are  produced 
glandular  bn 
from  wide  ba 
stamens '  wit 
hoary  tonien 
but  ultimate 


'  Ijinge  (AVi' 
ntnintiis  nH  ten  ti 
Unit  lit  (!liarlotU 


ROSACEA 


8ILVA   OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


61 


ORAT-fflQUS  PRUINOSA. 
Scarlet  Haw. 


Stamens  20  ;  anthers  bright  rose  color, 
aceous,  dark  blue-green. 

Cratagus  pruinosa,  K.   Koch,  Verhandl.  Preuts.  Oart. 

Verein.  246  {Cratagus  und  Mespiliu)  (1864).  —  Koebne, 

DetUsche  Dendr.  232.  — Lange,  Rev.  Spec.  Gen.  Cror 

Urgi,  40,  f.  G. 
Mespilua  pruinosa,  WomUsnd,  Flora,  1823,  pt.  ii.  701. 
PhsBnopyrum  pruinoaum,  Roemer,  Fam.  Nat.  Syn.  iii. 

154  (1847). 


Leaves  elliptical  to  ovate,  acute,  subcori- 


?  Cratsetrua  ohlorooarpa,  K.  Koch,  Ind.  Sent.  Hort.  Berol. 

1855,  17. 
Mespilua  viridis,  K.  Koch,  Dendr.  i.  148  (not  Sweet)  (1869). 
Cratsgus  viridis,  Lauche,  Deutsche  Dendr.  ed.  2, 673  (not 

LinnnuB)  (1883). 
Cratwgus  ooooinea  pruinosa,  Dippel,  Handb.  Laublidzk. 

ui.  436  (1893). 


A  nearly  glabrous  tree,  from  fifteen  to  twenty  feet  in  height,  with  a  stem  a  few  inches  in  diameter 
covered  with  thin  bark  separating  into  large  loose  pale  gray  scales,  and  spreading  horizontal  branches 
forming  a  broad  open  irregular  head  ;  or  often  shrubby  with  several  intricately  branched  stems. 
The  branchlets  are  slender,  nearly  straight,  marked  by  oblong  pale  lenticels,  and  armed  with  numerous 
stout  nearly  straight  light  chestnut-brown  spines  from  an  inch  to  an  inch  and  a  half  in  length  ;  when 
they  first  appear  the  branchlets  are  dark  green  more  or  less  tinged  with  red,  and  gradually  growing 
darker  they  are  bright  red  and  lustrous  during  their  first  winter,  pale  gray-brown  in  their  second  year, 
and  ultimately  ashy  gray.  The  leaves  are  elliptical,  acute,  gradually  or  abruptly  narrowed  and  cuneate 
at  the  entire  base,  irregularly  and  often  doubly  serrate  above,  with  glandular  straight  or  incurved 
teeth,  and  divided  into  three  or  four  pairs  of  short  acute  or  acuminate  lateral  lobes  ;  when  they  unfold 
they  are  bright  red  and  glabrous  with  the  exception  of  a  few  short  caducous  hairs  on  the  i'p|><ji-  side  of 
the  base  of  the  midribs ;  and  nearly  fully  grown  when  the  flowers  open  from  the  middk  to  the  end  of 
May,  they  are  then  membranaceous  and  bluish  green ;  in  the  autumn  the  leaves  are  subcoriaceous, 
dark  blue-green  and  often  glaucous  on  the  upper  surface,  pale  on  the  lower  surface,  from  an  inch  to  an 
inch  and  a  half  long  and  from  three  quarters  of  an  inch  to  an  inch  wide,  with  midribs  only  slightly 
impressed  on  the  upper  side  and  three  or  four  pairs  of  thin  primary  veins  running  to  the  points  of 
the  lobes ;  they  are  borne  on  very  slender  glandular  petioles  slightly  winged  at  the  apex  by  the  decurrent 
bases  of  the  leaf-blades  and  from  an  inch  to  an  inch  and  a  quarter  in  length,  and  in  early  spring 
and  in  the  autumn  often  bright  red.  The  stipules  are  linear,  straight  or  falcate,  deeply  divided  into 
slender  teeth  tipped  with  large  dark  glands,  and  often  nearly  half  an  inch  long.  On  leading  shoots 
the  leaves  are  broadly  ovate,  often  rounded  at  the  base,  more  coarsely  dentate  and  more  deeply  lobed 
than  the  leaves  of  lateral  branchlets,  and  frequently  two  inches  and  a  half  long  and  wide,  with  stouter 
and  more  broadly  winged  petioles.  Liite  in  the  autumn  the  leaves  turn  dull  orange-red.  The  flowers 
are  produced  on  long  pedicels,  in  few-flowered  thin-branched  compound  corymbs,  with  linear  showy  red 
jflaiidular  bracts  and  bractlets.  The  calyx-tube  is  broadly  obconic  and  the  lobes  are  gradually  narrowed 
from  wide  bases,  long-pointed,  and  finely  glandular-serrate  only  below  the  middle.  There  are  twenty 
stamens '  with  large  light  rose-colored  anthers,  and  five  styles  surrounded  at  the  base  by  a  thick  ring  of 
hoary  tomentum.  The  fruit,  which  is  borne  in  few-fruited  drooping  clusters  on  long  thin  light  green 
but  ultimately  bright  red  pedicels,  is  five-angled,  apple-green,  and  covered  with  a  glaucous  bloom  until 

'  Ijingc   (AVr.  Spec.  Gen.   Crnlttiji)   descrilxm   tlic   nuni))er  of      Co|K'iihagrii,  sent  to  the  lierbariuin  of  the  Arnold  Arboretum  by 
"tnmiiis  nil  ten  to  flftc,  ^,  but  fruitiiif;  i<i>ecimen8  from  thi'  Arbon>-      lAuge't  boo,  have  twenty  BtamenB. 
liiiii  at  ClmrlottesbiirK,  conneoteil  with  the  Agriciiltornl  College  at 


'!■         if 


t1 


!( 


8ILVA   OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


itOSACLl 


it  is  nearly  fully  ripe ;  and  at  maturity  late  in  October  it  is  subglobose  but  rather  broader  than  it  » 
long,  barely  angled,,  with  a  deep  ao^rt^sion  at  the  insertion  of  tbe  stalk,  from  one  half  to  five  eightiu 
of  an  in  u  in  diameter,  dark  ][urple-r<^J  marked  by  numerous  small  pale  dots,  and  very  lustrous  nftpr 
the  t'o«m  y,-,  v'oin  off ;  tue  caiyj  is  prominent,  with  a  long  well-developed  tubu,  a  broad  deep  cuviiy 
and  ^  .'  ':;  t  ucoally  nrect  lobes  which  often  disappear  before  the  fruit  ripens ;  the  flesh  is  thick,  light 
yellc  rf  swwt,  dry,  and  mealy.  The  five  nutlets  are  light-colored,  deeply  grooved  on  the  back,  and  a 
quarter  of  an  inch  long.' 

Cratcsgvs  pruinosa  grows  on  the  slopes  of  low  hills  often  in  limestone  soil,  and  is  distributed  from 
southwestern  Vermont  southward  to  the  foothill  region  of  the  southern  Appalachian  Mountains 
where  it  sometimes  ascends  to  elevations  of  twenty-five  hundred  feet  above  the  soa-level,  and  westward 
to  central  Illinois  and  central  Mi  jouri.  First  descril)ed  nearly  eighty  years  ago  from  plants  cultivated 
in  Europe,  this  beautiful  and  distinct  species,  which  is  now  known  to  be  one  of  the  commonest  and 
most  widely  distributed  Thorn-trees  of  the  eastern  states,  has  until  recently  been  confounded  with 
CratcBffua  coccinea  by  American  botanists. 

'  The  plate  of  thii  ipeciet  if  made  from  iipeoimena  of  a  tree      Arboretaai,  when  it  was  raieed  from  leedi  giren  to  me  br  Dt. 
which  hai  been  growing  for  more  than  twenty  yeare  in  the  Arnold      Aaa  Grajr  without  indication  of  their  origin. 


EXPLAvNAnON  OF  THE  PLATE. 

Platb  DCXLVIII.    Crataouh  pruinosa. 

1.  A  flowering  branch,  natural  size. 

2.  Vertical  Motion  of  a  flower,  enlargad. 

3.  A  fruiting  branch,  natural  lize. 

4.  Vertical  aaetion  of  a  fruit,  natural  site. 

6.  Crow  MCtion  of  a  fruit  showing  the  nutlet*,  natural  sin. 


«OSACE,t 

Mder  tiuD  it  i- 
!  to  five  eightun 

f  luflh'OUB  ftftw 

w^.  d«ep  cjn'iy^ 
b  IB  thick,  light 
he  back,  and  g 

listributed  from 
ian  Mountains, 
I,  and  westward 
ilants  cultivated 
commonest  and 
infounded  with 


pnn  to  nu  bjDr. 


Tab.nCXLVlll 


CRAi^OUS   PRUINOGA 


I    ' 


m 


lo  ¥^t 


■■>KTJ1  AYHRKA. 


IMtt. 


'  Vtoitui  .t  IN  iiubi;l< 'boHe  but  rather  broader  (Imk: 
'■-  iiiMrtion  of  '.lit*  >ttalk,  from  one  half  to  ♦■>» 
ii_v  numfrouH  munll  |>a)o  dots,  and  very  lus" 
'.)t,  with  a  \on^  weil-Jevehip«d  tube,  a  broaii  li^'. 
-'   iiMppeor  before  tho  f rmt  ripens  ;  the  flesh  ix  ft 
1    '.U't»  are  hght-colored,  det'ply  groovt>d  on  tlie  Ki 

^».  of  low  hilU  ofttiu  in  timextoDO  Hull,  and  is  distrtbuti 
- 1     fuothill    region  of  the  mmthi'rn    Ap|).'ilarhian    M 
t    twenty -hv«'  liuiidreil  fi-i-t  abovo  the  sea-level;  an.: 
Kl^^lt  ilt>iH'ri)MNl  nearly  eighty  year?  ago  from  plaiitM 
.(■♦■'■lew,  which   in  now  known   to  bo  one  of  the  conu.^ 
'    ilie  ii.mU'TB  slaleii,   hoa  until   recently   been  uoufoui. 

Hnriwuw  ot  «   .•♦-       Ari»r»tniii,  wh<<r»  it  w««  ruined  fr<im  »««dii  gi»f" 
<M»  ■•  <>u  AhmM       Vw  Onj  iriihoat  indication  of  thair  origin. 


KTHLAJfAnow  or    mE   PLATE. 

.<rr  IX^X.     '  ■  »,vr«»i»  r-itriNOSi. 

Vnl)<!iiJ  ST'  "T   rnUr)^l. 

Vrrtie*!  •w.-Wt     >^  *  frj<<,  natarkl  m». 

Craaa  kuoo.u  ■'  -  tn.ti  »b»«ing  the  nntleta,  natimtl  nte. 


.^fi; 


;  ^udesjaMkfcawfc.. 


In 


Silva  oi'  North  Amnnca. 


TaLb.DCXLVm. 


;il 


;  !l 


I    i 


r2VW»',-!   M 


Z^VitJJuJ  jr 


m 


CRAT/EGUS  PRUINOSA  ,  C.Kock 


A  Hir^-^-r^uf  ..v/iftr '' 


.^np     ^TafiM^r,  Par'i^ 


\X  I  1 


SffiSE 


KOHAC&& 


KOHACJUB. 


SILVA   OF  NORTU  AMERICA. 


GRAT^GUB  QEOROIANA. 
Haw. 

Stamens  20 ;  anthers  rose  color.    Leaves  ovate,  acute  or  acuminate,  membrana- 
ceous, dark  blue-green. 

Oratcegua  Oeorgiana,  Sugent,  Bot.  Oautte,  nxiU.  113  (1902). 

A  nearly  glabroiu  tree,  sometimes  twenty-five  or  thirty  feet  in  height,  with  a  tall  trunk  ten  or  twelve 
inches  in  diameter  covered  with  dark  red-brown  scaly  bark,  and  stout  wide-spreading  branches  forming  a 
broad  Hymmetrical  round-topped  head.  The  branchlets  are  slender,  straight  or  somewhat  zigzag,  marked 
by  occasional  small  pale  lenticek,  and  armed  with  straight  or  slightly  curved  thin  bright  chestnut- 
brown  lustrous  spines  rarely  more  than  an  inch  and  a  half  in  length ;  when  they  first  appear  they  are 
dark  green  tinged  with  red,  becoming  dull  reddish  brown  during  their  first  season  and  gray  or  light 
reddish  brown  during  their  second  year.  The  leaves  are  ovate,  acute  or  acuminate  at  the  apex,  full 
and  rounded  or  broadly  cuueate  at  the  base,  finely  and  often  doubly  serrate,  with  straight  or  incurved 
gland-tipped  teeth,  and  divided  into  numerous  short  acute  lateral  lobes ;  glabrous  with  the  exception 
of  a  few  pale  caducous  hairs  on  the  upper  surface  and  bronze-yellow  when  they  unfold,  they  are 
nearly  half  grown  when  the  flowers  open  about  the  twentieth  of  April,  and  are  then  thin,  dark  yellow- 
green  above  and  pale  below,  and  at  maturity  they  are  thin  but  firm  in  texture,  dark  blue-green  on  the 
upper  surface,  pale  on  the  lower  surface,  from  an  inch  and  a  half  to  two  inches  long  and  from  an  inch  to 
an  inch  and  a  quarter  wide,  with  slender  yellow  midribs  and  three  or  four  pairs  of  thin  primary  veins 
only  slightly  impressed  above ;  they  are  borne  on  slender  grooved  petioles  often  short-winged  at  the 
apex  by  the  abruptly  decurrent  bases  of  the  leaf-blades  and  usually  about  three  quarters  of  an  inch  in 
length.  The  stipules  are  linear-lanceolate,  finely  glandulai^serrate,  mure  or  less  deeply  tinged  with  red, 
from  one  half  to  three  quarters  of  an  inch  in  length,  and  caducous.  On  leading  shoots  the  leaves  are 
often  three  inches  long  and  two  inches  wide,  or  are  sometimes  deltoid,  ari  urually  much  more  deeply 
lobed  than  the  leaves  of  lateral  branchlets.  The  flowers  .ire  three  quarters  of  an  inch  in  diameter,  and 
are  produced  on  slender  pedicels,  in  usually  five  to  seven-flowered  compact  thin-branched  compound 
corymbs,  with  linear  glandular  bracts  and  bractlets  which  turn  bright  red  in  fading.  The  calyx-tube  is 
broadly  obconic  and  the  lobes  are  gradually  narrowed  from  broad  bases,  acuminate,  and  entire  or 
obscurely  and  irregularly  serrate.  There  are  twenty  stamens  with  small  light  rose-colored  anthers,  and 
five  styles  surrounded  at  the  buse  by  a  narrow  rmg  of  pale  tomentuni.  The  fruit,  which  ripens  and  falls 
early  in  October,  is  borne  on  slender  pedicels,  in  drooping  few  f:  .lited  clusters ;  it  is  oblong,  full  and 
rounded  at  the  ends,  often  obscurely  five-angled,  dull  russet-green,  and  from  three  eighths  to  one  half 
of  an  inch  in  length,  with  very  thin  light  green  Iry  hard  flesh  and  only  slightly  enlarged  calyx-lobes 
which  mostly  disappear  before  the  fruit  falls,  leaving  a  well-defined  ring  at  the  summit  of  the  short 
calyx-tube.  The  five  nutlets  are  thin,  rounded  and  irregularly  grooved  on  the  back,  and  about  a 
([uarter  of  an  inch  long. 

CmtfKjuK  Genrginna  i  ihabits  low  rich  river-bottoms  and  meadows  in  the  neighborhood  of  Rome, 
Georgia.' 

'  III  company  with  Mr.  William  M.  Canby  I  first  nnticed  a  large      folloHing  year  I  gathered  the  flowers  and  fniit  from  this  tree  from 
•|>»'Miien  i)f  this  tree  gniwing  near  the  road  leadin);  frimi  Ituine      whiih  the  plate  of  this  species  has  been  made, 
to  the  cliffs  of  the  Coosa  River  on  the  (1th  of  May,  1800,  and  the 


m 


EXPLANATION  OF  THE  PLATE. 


.-:l:.  . 


Platk  DCXLIX.    Cbatxod*  QioaaiANA. 
1.  A  dowering  branch,  natural  liu. 
3.  Vertical  tection  of  a  Sower,  enlarged. 

3.  A  calyx-lobe,  enlarged. 

4.  A  fruiting  branch,  natural  lite. 

.'i.  Croea  leetion  of  a  fruit,  natural  aiz*. 

6.  Vertical  section  of  a  fruit,  natural  (IM. 

7.  A  nutlet,  aide  view,  enlarged. 

8.  A  nutlet,  rear  view,  enlarged. 


^■K   ! 


If 


M 


M) 


Tab.  DCXLIX 


rr"^ 


!^' 


'7 


.1 


^ 


fS. 


■^' 


y 


)  ) 


■rata:ous  georgiana 


^1 


I 


!, 


II 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


1.0 


1.1 


m.  12.5 


■^  1^    12.2 


IL25  III  1.4 


mm 

1.6 


V] 


>> 


^J^v^ 


/^ 


''W 


7 


Hiotographic 

Sdences 

Corporation 


'^^J" 


3:1  WEST  MAIN  STRUT 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  HS80 

(716)  872-4503 


% 


[:     I 


ex»i 


•S    HK  THF   PLATE. 


f't-ATK    IX   XJ.IX.      ChaT.WOW   tiBOIWUJfA. 

i     \  rt, »»!-,..;,  imwdi,  natorsl  «i»e. 

-  '  •  rt      :  ... onn  «|  »  8it»e/,  enlarged. 

>  A  cilrt-loln-.  t'uinj'jw.i. 

■1.  A  fniitinjj  hraneh.  unturiw!  «u«. 

'•  (V<i««  »«-tion  «<  »  frijrt.  naturki  lize. 

•>  \enic«l  aeeilMi  irf  »  fniii.  natural  niis. 

7.  A  nutiM.  mte  »<#»,  »«lar^. 

8.  A  nall«t,  r««r  n«m.  eBlai-geii. 


Silva  of  North   America. 


Tab.  DCXLIX  . 


i   '  I 


111 


^S/'iintn  (W . 


CRATi£GUS    GEORGlANA.Sar^ 


^th'tvi^/a/  Ji 


A  RuhtfUiO-  iitrf\. 


Imp  ^T Tttrt4Hir  Paruf 


ROSACKJL 


Stab 
green. 

Crsteegas 


Lif»  ofA> 

A  nea 
b  d 


forming  a 
numerous  i 
scales  whici 
the  forest, 
oblong  dai 
an  inch  an 
soon  becon 
dark  gray-1 
full  and  ro 
glandular  t< 
they  unfold 
early  in  Ma 
pilose,  becoi 
pale  on  the 
with  thin  p 
petioles  wh 
of  the  leaf-1 
and  caducc 
or  cordate 
branchlets ; 
which  are 
pedicels  in 
bractlets  re 
red  glands, 
acute  or  r 
middle.    1 
five  styles 
falls  early 
depressed-f 
dots,  and 
and  Iarg;e  i 

>  The  lean 
upper  Burfue 


BOSACXiB. 


BILVA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


68 


ORAT^OUS  BOYMTONL 


Haw. 


Stamens  10 ;  anthers  pale  yellov      Leaves  oyate  or  oval,  sabcoriaoeous,  yellow- 


green. 

Cratsgus  Boyntoni,  Betdle,  Bat.  Ckuiette,  zzriii.  409 
(1899).  —  Mohr,  Contrib.  XJ.  S.  Nat.  Herb.  n.  647  {Plant 
Life  of  Alabama).  —  Oattinger,  Fl.  TtnnMMte,  98. 


OrategUB  rotundifoUa,  Britton  &  Brown,  lU.  It  ii.  243 
(in  part)  (not  Moanoh)  (1897).  —  BmmUo,  Bot.  Chmttte, 
sxT.  446. 


A  nearly  glabrous  tree,  occasionally  twenty  feet  in  height,  with  a  tall  straight  trunk  six  or  eight 
inches  in  diameter  and  sometimes  armed  with  long  gray  branched  spines,  and  stout  ascending  branches 
forming  a  narrow  open  irregular  or  occasionally  round-topped  head ;  or  more  often  a  shrub  with 
numerous  stems.  The  bark  of  the  trunk  is  thick,  slightly  fissured,  and  broken  into  small  plate-like 
scales  which  are  gray  often  tinged  with  brown,  or  dark  brown  when  the  tree  has  grown  in  the  shade  of 
the  forest.  The  branchlets  are  slender,  straight  or  sometimes  slightly  zigzag,  glabrous,  marked  by 
oblong  dark  lenticels,  and  armed  with  numerous  thin  nearly  straight  light  chestnut-brown  spines  from 
an  inch  and  a  half  to  two  inches  in  length;  when  they  first  appear  they  are  light  orange-brown, 
soon  becoming  dark  red-brown  and  lustrous,  and  in  their  second  season,  losing  their  lustre,  they  are 
dark  gray-brown,  and  ultimately  ashy  gray.  The  leaves  are  broadly  ovate  or  oval,  acute  at  the  apex, 
full  and  rounded  or  ouneate  at  the  entire  glandular  base,  sharply  and  often  doubly  serrate  above,  with 
glandular  teeth,  and  frequently  divided  into  two  or  three  pairs  nf  short  broad  acute  lateral  lobes ;  as 
they  unfold  they  are  slightly  glandular,  viscid,  and  deep  bronze-red  in  color,  and  when  the  flowers  open 
early  in  May  they  are  nearly  fully  grown  and  are  membranaceous  and  glabrous  or  occasionally  slightly 
pilose,  becoming  at  maturity  thick  and  firm  in  texture,  glabrous,  yellow-green  on  the  upper  surface, 
pale  on  the  lower  surface,  from  one  to  two  inches  and  a  half  long  and  from  one  to  two  inches  wide, 
with  thin  pale  yellow  midribs  and  from  four  to  seven  pairs  of  slender  veins ; '  they  are  borne  on  stout 
petioles  which  are  glandular,  with  bright  red  glands,  slightly  winged  above  by  the  decurrent  bases 
of  the  leaf-blades,  and  usually  about  half  an  inch  long.  The  stipules  are  linear,  finely  glandularserrate, 
and  caducous.  On  vigorous  leading  shoots  the  leaves  are  often  as  broad  as  they  are  long,  truncate 
or  cordate  at  the  base,  and  more  coarsely  dentate  and  more  deeply  lobed  than  the  leaves  of  lateral 
branchlets;  and  their  stipules  are  foliaceous,  lunate,  and  coarsely  glandular-dentate.  The  flowers, 
which  are  about  three  quarters  of  an  inch  in  diameter  and  bad-smelling,  are  produced  on  short  slender 
pedicels  in  compact  four  to  ten-flowered  compoiuid  corymbs,  with  large  obovate-oblong  bracts  and 
bractlets  rounded  or  acute  at  the  apex  and  deeply  divided  into  slender  teeth  tipped  with  large  bright 
red  glands.  The  calyx-tube  is  broadly  obconic  and  the  lobes  are  abruptly  narrowed  from  broad  bases, 
acute  or  rounded  at  the  apex,  and  entire  or  obscurely  and  irregularly  glandular-serrate  above  the 
middle.  There  are  ten  stamens  with  slander  filaments  and  large  pale  yellow  anthers,  and  from  three  to 
five  styles  surrounded  at  the  base  by  a  broad  thick  ring  of  hoary  tomentum.  The  fruit  ripens  and 
falls  early  in  October,  and  is  produced  in  few-fruited  erect  clusters  on  short  stout  pedicels;  it  is 
depressed-globose,  more  or  less  angled,  yellow-green  flushed  with  russet-red,  marked  by  small  dark 
dots,  and  usiudly  about  half  an  inch  in  diameter ;  the  calyx  is  prominent,  with  a  broad  deep  cavity 
and  large  spreading  lobes  which  often  disappear  before  the  fruit  ripens.     The  nutlets  vary  from  three 

'  The  learea  of  a««dling  plants  an  pubescent  un  the  lower  snrfaoe,  particularly  along  the  midribs  and  reins,  and  puberalous  on  the 
upper  turfao*. 


i 


i^ 


Ii 


'  P  n 


t' 


66 


aiLVA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


ROBACIA 


!:f 


to  five  in  nnmber  and  are  prominently  ridged  on  the  baek,  with  high  rounded  ridgee,  and  about  a  qoutn 
of  an  inch  long. 

Cratagua  BoynUmi  inhabite  the  banks  of  itnanui,  the  borden  of  old  fields  and  upland  woodi  in 
the  southern  AppaUohian  foothill  region  from  southern  Virginia  to  northern  Georgia  and  Alabuu, 
southeastern  Kentucky  and  eastern  Tennessee,  sometimee  ascending  to  elevations  of  3000  feet  above 
the  level  of  the  sea. 

Fint  diitingdshed  by  Mr.  G.  D.  Beadle'  in  the  neighboriiood  of  Asherille,  North  Carolina,  where 
this  tree  is  abundant,  it  was  named  by  him  for  Mr.  F.  E.  Boynton.* 


>  ChuBMr  DtliM  Buidb  (Augut  ^  1M6)  mi  bora  ia  tbt  dt; 
of  8t  CktUrinw,  OnUrio,  of  New  EnfUnd  panBUg*.  Hii  father, 
Dtloa  WhiU  Bwidla,  a  MB  of  Or.  Chaaaeor  BmmIIo,  waa  a  lawjtr 
ia  Um  dty  of  Now  York,  aad  later  a  vmujma  at  St.  Catkariaoa. 
Hii  iBotkar,  Harriet  CoBTone  Steele,  wai  the  eUeet  daughter  of 
Hob.  JaaoB  Steele  of  Wiadior,  VecmoBl.  C.  D.  Beadle  wae  edo- 
eated  ia  the  pablie  aad  priTate  KhooU  of  St.  Ca'''ariBaa,  the  Agri- 
ealtural  CoUep  of  Qnelph,  Oatario,  aad  at  Coraell  UBiTenitf. 
Beiag  obliged  ia  order  to  rapport  hinuvlf  to  leare  Coraell,  alter  a 
raaideaee  of  two  yean  at  the  uaiTenity,  Mr.  Beadle  fooad  ooeapa- 
tioB  IB  Buneriea  ia  Ohio,  PeuBsjpiTaaia,  aad  New  Jereejr,  deTotiog 
hie  ipara  tiOM  to  the  itndjr  of  botaay  aad  the  formatioB  of  an 
herbarinoi,  aad  ia  1890  hariag  beea  ealled  to  BUtmore,  North 
Caiolioa,  ha  wai  pbMod  ia  charge  of  the  plantiag  operatiooi  ob  the 
ettato  of  Mr.  George  W.  Vaaderhilt.  At  Biltmore  he  hae  eateb. 
liehed  for  Mr.  Vaoderbilt  ab  importaat  herfaariam  aod  botaaical 
library  aad  large  uoreeriee,  aad  bow,  ia  additioo  to  hi*  dutie*  u 
head  of  the  botaaical  aad  aonery  departaieBli  of  the  estote,  he  j 
Mpeiiatoadeat  r*  Uia  home  grouad*  aad  gardeat.  Dnriog  hii 
laeidaaea  at  BUtmore  Mr.  Beadle  hae  made  the  moet  of  exoellent 
opportooitiea  for  exploriog  the  flora  of  the  ioatherB  itotea  ;  he  ha* 
rediaeorered  either  hinuelf  or  with  the  aid  of  hi*  ooUeeton  maay 


plaato  whieh  had  aot  baioaa  beea  aeaa  for  aaajr  yean,  uA  hai 
fooad  a  aomber  of  eatiraly  oadaaeribed  ipeeie*  partiouUrl;  in  Ikt 
geaa*  Cratagn*,  to  whiah  he  ha*  doToted  ipeeial  attentioo  (or  tit 
paat  three  yearj.  Mr.  Beadle  ha*  pahliebed  the  re*ulu  o(  Umm 
•tudie*  ia  T***  fioMMMoJ  GoMMt  aod  ia  the  Bittman  Botanical  Sltulia, 
a  Journal  nf  BtUmf,  the  flrat  aumber  of  whish  appeared  in  IWl. 
Throogh  hi*  efforta  auuy  rare  aoatheni  plaat*  are  aow  cooinion  ia 
gardea*,  aad  the  BUtmore  aunerie*  aader  hi*  direetioo  *n  btcoai. 
lag  a  poteat  factor  ia  Ameriaaa  hortiroltare. 

•  i'raak  EUi*  Boyatoa  (Joly  10, 1880)  wa*  bora  ia  Hyde  Puk, 
Vermoat.  Whea  he  wa*  flra  year*  old  hi*  family  mored  to  Viae- 
Uad,  New  Jeney,  where  he  wa*  educated  ia  the  public  lehoob  lad 
theo  leaned  the  carpeator'*  trade,  at  whieh  he  worked  in  Nee 
EogUad  uBtil  1881,  whea  he  moved  to  Highlaad*,  North  Canliu, 
ia  *eareh  of  a  milde?  climate.  Mr.  Boyatoa'*  early  taete  (or  boUuj 
BOW  had  good  opportuaity  forderelopmeot,  aad  be  begaa  to  gttlier 
•peeimea*  for  richaage  aad  plaat*  aad  *eed*  for  (ale,  aeon  becom- 
iag  a  laeogaited  authority  oa  the  flora  of  the  eouthera  Appalaehiio 
legioB.  Ia  18B3  be  left  Highlaad*  to  a**ame  a  poeition  in  tlie 
BUtmore  Herbarium,  where  he  ha*  beea  aetire  aad  iFmukabl; 
(uooeeefol  ia  iaoreariag  the  kaowledp  of  the  •outhe>'.:  AjipaUcliu 
plaote,  aad  where  he  i*  atill  employed. 


EXPLANATION  OP  THE  PLATE. 


\\ 


Plate  DCL.  Ckatjmus  Botmtoxi. 

1.  A  6owering  branch,  natural  liia. 

2.  Vertical  aeetion  of  a  flower,  enlarged. 

3.  A  fruiting  branch,  natural  eiia. 

4.  A  fruit  dirided  tranirenely,  enlarged. 

6.  A  nutlet  dirided  transvencly,  much  enlarged. 


HCS&CIA 

1  about  a  qaartu 

npland  wood*  in 
ia  and  Alabuu, 
3000  feet  above 

Carolina,  when 


BWjyMUt,  udhu 
M  partiouUrlj  in  ikt 
vial  attantioo  (ottht 
tb*  nralu  o(  Umn 
■wn  AXonioi/  S:wlio, 
)h  appMrad  in  igoi. 
I  aro  now  common  in 
I  dinolion  an  bMoia- 

I  bom  in  Hjde  Puk, 
unily  moTwl  to  Vint- 
ha  paUio  MhooU  and 
ha  worked  in  Ntw 
uda,  North  Cuolint, 
•arly  tanta  for  botu; 
id  ha  began  to  gather 
for  lale,  noon  becon- 
louthem  Appalacbiaa 
ne  a  poaition  in  tlw 
tire  and  irmariablj 
natha>.:  Ajipalaebiu 


TVb    DCL 


V.»*>rk-^ 


•ii 


i 


. 


r .  i 


'  Q        R  •  IN' 


«« 


Ml 


TVw. 

■I    St.     ■'■tfc>l*l»:«H  > 

i)M«  irhi<*  iiM*«i 


•''•  f«r*»- 

''ovw'iwl 

!•*(«      '^    IM^t-'       ' 

.-[•^    u 

■'■■■,  itfmHuHK'. 

-*   w  ^ 

rjn#     ftOmito      *»)      >     ^     ' 

■.■■-*»»- 

nwMH*  kw  awir 

»-»^V«ii 

*•  tM*  •!  Ik* 'i>' 

*• 

-  -^Ik  ^  iMi  ^1 

'  m7-u  aMKRWA.  m»«. 

'   >    with  hif(li  rout  (]e<I  ridges,  and  about  »  ^iii. 

•  .   •<<   vh<>  border!  of  o)i'.  tieldii  and  upland  w<h:. 
.ip  rii  VirgiiiM  to  northeru  Georgia  and  AlaW 
•iHN  oiH'euding  to   elevations  of  >)(M)0  ftt«l  »' . 

.i^h)M)rhood  of  Aiheville,  North  Carolinu.  <• 
^  Mf   V  £.  HovntuD.' 


^luiM  »lii«k  h*d  nut  b«f«r«  Iwen  ttrn  fur  iiumt  tax- 
ffMiifi  «  luinbvr  of  rnUnlT  tiiu.'0wnlj«(l  <p«ciM  |«rt:<i.:,M. 
^r..4«  I'rmUigus,  Ut  whioh  he  hu  flcvotnt  Rpe«tal  Atw^v  .n. 

MOI  ikrM  yMin.     Mr.  Bmidl'i  hu  |iul>liihrd  thr  n-M,   i. 
«!<■(•••  in  Ti^  lialaf-nil  (iazrilr  and  in  the  ltilim<irt  l.,:i-< 
4   I jtmmt  iif  HaUKii,  Iht  Hnt  nuinlwr  of  ohich  aifiHKi 

i'l>nii(k  kit  affaria  niaiiir  rnn  ■:  irithini  planU  nn  uux 
^  ittlrnt,  and  the  Hiltnior<-.iiiin«rie>  u..;!»r  bia  din<a>"<.  <■. 
■  1-^'  •  put«ut  factor  in  Ainf*nran  hortiotiltnrv. 

t'ranV  Kllia   Uoynlon  (.fiily  til,  lKf,«)  waa  bom  bi  H;  j^  ■ 

'  '•rntunt  WhffO  hr  ^mZ  Avn  yeara  otd  hia  family  a  »v4^i  t<,  . 
laad,  Naw  JarMj,  where  be  'tiu  edueatd  iu  the  piiV<i«  •wj*'^,, 
ihnn  learned  the  orpenter'i  trade,  al  whirh  h«  »ut%^,i  \u 
Kiyland  until  IfHl,  when  be  tuuTfd  to  f'i^blaiMla,  Nrtth  t '«.... 
in  aanreli  of  a  piiMer  olimate.  Mr.  Iloynlou'i  early  lad*  Ijr  I- 
a9«  bftd  fond  opportnnity  f'trdovetopntent,  and  h«  >Mg»n  Xn  ^t 
»|i«<iii*«a  for  exchapf^'  and  piki.t**  and  aeedi  f'^i  tale,  »<v%h  h< 
u>(  n  raeofniied  authority  on  fhr  lloni  o>  the  aoulherc  A|>;»>a. 

rrfHw      1  I  IHd.'t  he  left   )Iif;hlands  to  aaaaine  a  |ii<i'tu 

I<>lla**;r*  MerlMriiini,  where  he  ban  been  active  ami  r^nurt 
K^t'-veMfnl  in  increasing  the  knowledge  of  the  soatk«f%  \ppata' : 
l*'.aA9a.  aud  where  he  u  itill  employed. 


KXf  i^4T««f  Ol*   THK   PLATE. 


f  ''itAT.WJt™   BoTSTTONl. 

1-    A  •     '     natliral  »i«e. 

2.    V  t  ^  Honri-r,  eninrKeil. 

5.  A  t »-i.    nti4tral  liie. 

i,  A       tr»w  .eraelv,  enlarf^ed. 

6.  A  .-.i-.-         -ii^i  irM<T«r«(ly,  luuoh  enlarged. 


5ilv,>  of  North    Aiiirric 


Tab,  DCI. 


u  bom 

til*  [mh/fU  ^»,'-., 
h   h«   »    'k 
Ulllll.    N.     r      . 
1  ««H)r  una  (  .r  I- 

.nd  tie  ^'«yan  \<i  ;;t 
foi  Mis,  «oon  bf 
•ouUams  A|ijvit< 

inM    «    INWtliili    't 
etlTK    (mI    r<injir« 


'  F  y,Lrfn  iM  . 


CRAT/EGUS    BOYNTONl,  B-ad 


v^  Hh'i'ffu.v  titft\z- ' 


Irnf  .'Tnf}tHtr  Ptif'tf . 


II 


siiai 


I 


)■ 


lii 


ROHACEA. 


8ta 
dorkdu 


A  bu 
diameter 
inches  in 
brown 
dark  brow 
lomewhat 
gpinei  whi( 
inched  anc 
red,  light 
their  aecon 
from  oval 
narrowed 
glandular  \ 
pairs  of  A 
scattered  p 
April  they 
dull  green 
stout  midri 
on  stout  gl 
in  length, 
lanceoUte, 
shoots  the 
lobes,  and 
the  leaves 
inch  in  di 
corymbs, ' 
coarsely  g 
lobes  are  | 
the  middl 
elongated 
by  a  ring 
borne  on 
and  roun< 
dots ;  the 
greatly  ei 
dry,  and 
the  back, 


RONACKiV. 


aiLVA  or  NORTH  AMERICA. 


67 


ORAT^OUS  VBNUSTA. 


Haw. 


Stamens  15  to  20;  anthers  palo  yellow.    Leaves  oval  to  ovate,  acute,  coriaceous, 
dork  dull  green. 

OntM«na  yniuaU,  BMdU,  Bot.  OoMtlit,  ni.  338  (I'^'O), 

A  buihy  nearly  glabrous  trM,  often  twenty-five  feet  in  height,  with  a  short  trunk  a  foot  in 
diameter  and  horribly  armed,  like  the  large  branches,  with  >^tout  much-branched  spineK  frequently  six 
inches  in  length.  The  bark  of  the  trunk  is  thick  and  broken  into  small  closely  appr>^(^1  dark  red- 
brown  scales  which  near  the  base  of  old  trees  are  frequently  nearly  black.  The  brant  ivH  are  thick, 
dark  brown,  ascendmg,  and  form  a  wide  irregular  rather  compact  head.  The  branchlets  are  stout, 
lomewbat  zigsag,  and  armed  with  numerous  straight  or  slightly  curved  dark  chestnut-brown  shining 
gpines  which  frequently  point  toward  the  base  of  the  branch  and  are  from  an  inch  and  a  half  to  two 
inches  and  a  half  in  length ;  when  they  first  appear  they  are  dark  green  more  or  less  tinged  with 
red,  light  reddish  brown  or  orange-brown  during  their  first  season,  and  often  very  lustrous  during 
their  second  summer  they  become  dark  dull  gray  during  their  third  year.  The  leaves  vary  in  shape 
from  oval  to  ovate  or  ocoasionaUy  to  oblong-obovate,  and  are  acute  at  the  apex,  gradually  or  abruptly 
narrowed  and  cuneato  or  rounded  at  the  entire  base,  finely  serrate  above,  with  usually  incurved 
glandular  teetii,  and  frequently  slightly  and  irregularly  divided  above  the  middle  into  from  one  to  three 
pairs  of  short  broad  acute  lobes ;  when  they  first  unfold  they  are  of  a  dark  bronze  color,  with  a  few 
scattered  pale  caducous  hairs  on  the  upper  surface,  and  when  the  flowers  open  about  the  twentieth  of 
April  they  are  yellow-green,  smooth,  and  gUbrous ;  at  maturity  they  are  thick  and  firm  in  texture,  dark 
dull  green  above,  pale  below,  and  about  two  inches  and  a  half  long  and  an  inch  and  a  half  wide,  with 
stout  midribs  deeply  impressed  above  and  from  four  to  seven  nairs  of  thin  primary  v.  s ;  they  are  borne 
on  stout  glandular  grooved  petioles  more  or  less  winged  above,  from  one  half  to  three  quarters  of  an  inch 
in  length,  and  in  the  autumn  often  bright  red  below  the  middle.  The  stipules  are  linear  to  linear- 
lanceoUto,  coarsely  glandular-serrate,  about  half  an  inch  long,  and  caducous.  On  vigorous  leading 
shoots  the  leaves  are  generally  broadly  ovate,  full  and  rounded  at  the  basa,  deeply  lobed  with  broad 
lobes,  and  often  three  and  a  half  inches  long  and  three  inches  wide.  Late  in  the  autumn  before  falling 
the  leaves,  especially  those  on  leading  shoots,  turn  deep  orange  or  scarlet.  The  flowers,  which  are  an 
inch  in  diameter  and  bad-smelling,  are  produced  in  from  four  to  uuie-flowered  compact  compound 
corymbs,  with  linear  or  linearobovato  bracte  and  bractleto  which,  like  the  inner  bud-scales,  are  very 
coarsely  glandular-serrate  and  turn  bright  red  in  fading.  The  calyx-cup  is  broadly  obconic,  and  the 
lobes  are  gradually  narrowed  from  broad  bases,  acute,  and  coarsely  glandularserrate  often  only  below 
the  middle.  There  are  from  fifteen  to  twenty  but  usually  fifteen  or  seventeen  stemens  with  slender 
elongated  filaments  and  small  pale  yellow  antl\ers,  and  from  three  to  five  styles  surrounded  at  the  base 
by  a  ring  of  pale  hairs.  The  fruit  ripens  and  falls  from  th-)  first  to  the  middle  of  October  and  is 
borne  on  stout  pedicels  often  nearly  an  inch  long,  in  few-fruited  drooping  clusters ;  it  is  oblong,  full 
and  rounded  at  the  ends,  dull  red  often  with  a  bright  russet  face,  and  marked  by  occasional  large  dark 
dots ;  the  calyx  is  prominent,  with  a  long  tube  and  a  broad  deep  cavity,  and  the  lobes,  which  are  not 
greatly  enlarged,  are  spreading  and  often  deciduous  before  the  fruit  ripens ;  the  flesh  is  thick,  yellow, 
dry,  and  mealy.  The  nutlets  vaiy  from  three  to  five  in  number,  and  are  thick,  full  and  rounded  on 
the  back,  and  ab.^ut  a  quarter  of  an  inch  long. 


:l! 


! 


I 


.1  f 

i   ! 


i 


n 


68 


SUVA   OF  NORTH  AMKRWA. 


XKAOIA 


Cnttttgut  temuta  grow  in  opan  Oak  and  Hickory  wood*  on  the  dry  ilopM  of  •  low  hill  kiiuwn  h 
R«d  Mountain  in  the  touthero  part  uf  the  city  of  Uirmingbam,  Alabama,  where  it  waa  flnt  ooltectfd  in 
September,  1800,  by  Mr.  C.  L  Boynton  of  the  Biitmore  Herbarium,  and  by  m«  in  October  of  the  iani 
year  and  in  the  following  April. 


■XPLANATION  OP  THR  PLATE. 

Plati  DCLI,    CaATJiavii  vtanrtA. 

1.  A  Bowtring  brmneh,  natoral  liu. 

2.  Vtrtieal  Mction  of  ■  flower,  Um  ptiili  nmowti,  •aUrgadi 
X  A  ealyx-lobc,  raUrgxI. 

4.  A  (raiting  bnneh,  oMur*!  lit*. 

0.  A  frait  diTKlMl  tnuMrmwIy,  iiftlaral  lii*. 

n.  A  nntltt,  rMr  tUw,  cnlargMl. 

7.  A  natlat,  lide  ricw,  toUufid. 

8.  A  Uaf  »f  •  riguroui  Iritling  ihool,  Utonl  iIm. 


mmacia 

w  hill  kiiuwi)  II 
\nt  colJMtu,!  io 
bar  at  tiia  Htm 


T«v.  nnt 


i 


it 


I* 


i 


■ 


1) : 


i! 


f  i 


;■•  A'OJfTH    AMKR/CA. 


HO--,' 


^%lt  vui  Htrkiwv  wiwl*  on  vhe  dry  Hlopes  of  a  low  hili  k; 

<■  R>rf;4in|i;kuim,  Aliibaina,  wliere  it  wa«  fimt  collf 

ifrpi^-fr  if^^'^Miriuiu,  Hud  l>y  lue  in  October  of  i, 


f'LATE. 


r«Uli  mDioved,  enUrged. 


•wwral  uw. 


hnut,  aiitural  (ue. 


Silv,i,  of  Njnh  America  . 


Tab.DCLl 


—/'^ 


t  £  Ftintrt^  tisj 


fi^mifm-  sc- 


CRAT/EGUS    VENUSTAB^ad. 


I 


=  t 


\ 


X- 

Vy:\ 

V 

1    1 

p| 

\ 

sis 

•\ 

^H 

f 

■■1 

" 

i 

1 

m 

ji 

\ 

I 


:i> 


CratsBgua  Si 


'H 1 

1 

1 

, 

"1  1**^  ^ 

? 

1  '^ 

1  i 

^  ^     fi                >  M. 

^ 

1 

ll  1    <  ill 

1   ' 

litii 

1 

Ij 

1 

M 

1 

il 

y 

B06ACE& 


SILVA   OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


60 


GRAT^QUS  SAROENTI. 


Haw. 


Stamens  20 ;  anthers  dark  purple.  Leaves  ovate-oblong  to  elliptical,  subcoriaceous, 
lustrous,  yellow-green. 

Cratogua  Sargenti,  Beadle,  Bat.  OaxeUe,  xxTui.  407  (1899).  —  Mohr,  Contnb.  V.  8.  Nat.  Herb.  vi.  647  {Plant  Life  of 

Alabama).  —  Gattinger,  Fl.  Tenneuee,  98. 

An  intricately  branched  nearly  glabrous  tree,  rarely  more  than  twenty  feet  in  height,  with  a  tall 
trunk  six  or  seven  inches  in  diameter,  and  stout  ascending  branches  forming  a  narrow  or  sometimes  a 
round  or  flat-topped  head ;  or  often  a  large  shrub  with  few  or  many  stems.  The  bark  of  the  trunk  is 
thin,  gray,  or  light  brown,  slightly  fissured  and  broken  into  niunerous  thin  plate-like  scales  or  nearly 
smooth  and  covered  with  minute  closely  appressed  scales.  The  branchlets  are  slender,  straight  or 
occasionally  somewhat  zigzag,  often  short  and  frequently  forked,  marked  by  numerous  small  pale 
lenticels,  and  armed  with  thin  straight  or  sUghtly  curved  dark  cht^stnut-brown  shining  spines  from  three 
quarters  of  an  inch  to  an  inch  and  a  half  in  length ;  glabrous  and  palo  yellow-green  when  they  first 
appear,  they  become  bright  red-brown  and  lustrous  during  their  first  summer,  and  dull  gray-brown  in 
their  second  season.  The  leaves  vary  from  oblong-ovate  to  elliptical  or  rarely  to  ovate,  and  are  acute 
or  acuminate  at  the  apex,  gradually  or  abruptly  narrowed  and  cuneate  or  rounded  at  the  nearly  entire 
base,  irregularly  doubly  serrate  above,  with  glandular  straight  or  incurved  teeth,  and  usuaUy  irregularly 
divided  into  three  or  four  pairs  of  short  broad  acute  or  acuminate  lobes ;  nearly  fully  grown  when  the 
flowers  open  late  in  April,  they  are  then  subcoriaceous,  pale  yellow-green,  and  villose  along  the  midribs, 
with  scattered  pale  caducous  hairs,  and  at  maturity  they  are  lustrous,  dark  yellow-green  on  the  upper 
surface,  pale  on  the  lower  surface,  from  two  to  three  inches  long  and  from  an  inch  and  a  half  to  two 
inches  broad,  with  thin  midribs  only  slightly  impressed  above  and  from  five  to  seven  pairs  of  thin  Ught 
yellow  veins  and  conspicuous  reticulate  veinlets ;  they  are  borne  on  slender  grooved  glandular  petioles 
more  or  less  broadly  winged  *^oward  the  apex  by  the  decurrent  bases  of  the  leaf-blades,  and  from  one 
half  to  three  quarters  of  an  inch  in  length.  The  stipules  are  Unear  or  linear^lanceolate,  glandular,  and 
caducous,  and  on  vigorous  leading  shoots  they  are  often  foliaceous,  lunate,  and  coarsely  glandular- 
dentate.  Late  in  the  autumn  the  leaves  assume  before  falling  bright  yellow  and  red  tints.  The 
flowers,  which  are  nearly  an  inch  in  diameter,  are  raised  on  long  thin  slightly  villose  pedicels,  in  from 
two  to  five-flowered  but  usually  in  three-flowered  simple  corymbs,  with  lanceolate  coarsely  glandular 
caducous  bracts  and  bractlets.  The  calyx-tube  is  narrowly  obconic  and  glabrous  or  slightly  villose, 
and  the  lobes  are  fohaceous,  acute,  coarsely  glandular-serrate  above  the  middle,  and  reflexed  after  the 
flowers  open.  There  are  twenty  stamens  with  long  slender  filaments  and  large  purple  anthers,  and 
from  three  to  five  but:  usually  four  styles  surrounded  at  the  base  by  a  narrow  ring  of  pale  haira.  The 
fruit  ripens  and  falls  after  the  middle  of  September,  often  only  a  single  fruit  maturing  from  a  flower- 
clnoter ;  it  is  subglobose  or  short-oblong,  full  and  rounded  at  the  ends,  yellow  or  orange-yellow, 
generally  more  or  less  flushed  with  red,  marked  by  occasional  large  dark  dots,  and  from  one  third 
to  one  half  of  an  inch  in  length  ;  the  calyx  is  prominent,  with  an  elongated  tube  and  closely  appressed 
lobes ;  and  the  flesh  is  yellow,  thin,  and  firm.  The  nutlets,  although  usually  four  in  number,  vary 
from  three  to  five,  and  are  grooved  and  prominently  ridged  on  the  back,  and  about  a  quarter  of  an 
inch  long. 

Cratagun   Sargenti   inhabits   rocky   woods   and  bluffs  in  the   foothill   region   of   northwestern 


I 


70 


8ILVA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


Ba;.'.i,«4 


Georgia,  loatheutsrn  Tennenee,  and  northeastern  Alabama.  It  ia  very  abundant  in  Alabama,  at  Vallty 
Head,  which  ia  the  most  northern  station  where  this  species  has  been  observed,  and  on  the  low  ridsM 
known  as  Sand  Mountain  southward  to  the  neighborhood  of  Birmingham,  which  is  its  most  southen 
known  station.  It  was  probably  first  collected  by  William  M.  Ganby  and  G.  S.  Sargent  on  May  6, 
on  the  high  rocky  cliffs  of  the  Coosa  River  a  few  miles  below  the  dty  of  Rome,  Georgia. 


EXPLANATION  OF  THE  PLATE. 


Platb  OCLII.    CkAT^Kira  SAaoum. 

1.  A  flowaring  brmach,  natand  bim. 

2.  Vertieal  Metion  of  •  flower,  •nlsrgsd. 

3.  A  ealyz-lobo,  eoUfged. 

4.  A  frniting  braneb,  natonl  liio. 

5.  Vortiesl  Metion  of  ■  fniit,  luUaral  lUs. 

6.  CroM  Metion  of  >  frait,  mUoTsl  liu. 

7.  A  natiit,  lido  Tiaw,  enlatgrnl. 

8.  A  notlet,  tmt  Tiew,  enlarged. 

9.  A  leaf  of  a  leading  ihoot,  natural  iisa. 


R(y.'.uA 


Tab.DCLU 


hmuL,  at  Vallty 

I  the  low  ridgM 

most  southen 

n  May  6, 1899, 


'  U  ■  1 


CRATiEGUS   SARGT.- 


m 


''4 

'  i] 

hi 


m 

1 

i 

1 

i 

.] 

V 

1 

i 

III 

■}  \ 

.  1 

i 

I  1 


t  'i 


( 


70 


it    AMERICA. 


W*>krt 


\l*bMnii.  It  w  very  abundant  in  Alabama,  at  V  i' 
km  K|>M-ii  s  hM  be«n  observed,  and  on  the  low  i 

i'i«hborhood  of  Hirnajigham,  which  is  its  most  snu  „ 
Wiiliiim  M.  Ganby  and  C.  S.  Sargent  oo  May  0,  Ihtf* 

'fw  inilea  beJuw  the  city  c'  Iloini-,  Georgia. 


'.  J'l.ANATION   OF  THE   PIATE. 

'    Vcftie*!  MHim  -rf  »  irmm,  miUrgati. 

4  A  fraitia(  tirwwfc,  Mwankl  nu. 

S.  V«Hie*l  wMiM  «f  •  (mit.  nttiiral  >iift. 

<!  Vtnm  tMttok  «<  *  fnm.  natunl  uie. 

7.  A  Bitilat,  wW  inm,  MtWg«il. 

8.  A  notkt,  rwtf  litm,  •alatfad. 

9.  A  WmI  •(  It  laMiiai  ihoot.  natural  lii*. 


^i!va  of  North  Amenc: 


Tab  DCLII 


CE  Faa-on  deU 


ZurtujA^  sa. 


CRAT/EGUS   SARGENTI.Bead 


A  htoi^r^ur  i/iZ-r^r' 


/rn/>. .  /  TtUl^ur,  PtU'ts . 


<l     ■ 


-3 


! 


E;'i 


>i    I 


\% 


1 ,, 

1   • 

' 

;. 

i 

■  * 

vr 

J 

■   i  ii 

, 

li 

L<yi 

If 


i 


f; 


1  i 

■    m 

tH^^^ss 

B 

;'    ft. 

mmT 

;    ■ 

It 

i 

ROSACKiB. 


R08ACKA 


8ILVA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


n 


ORAT^OUS  BUBORBIOULATA. 
Red  Haw. 

Stamens  20 ;  anthers  rose  color.  Leaves  suborbicular  to  oval  or  rarely  oblong, 
short-pointed,  thin,  dark  dull  green. 

OratMBua  suborbloulkU,  Sargant,  Rhodora,  Ui.  72  (1001). 

A  nearly  glabrous  tree,  rarely  more  than  fifteen  or  sixteen  feet  in  height,  with  a  well-developed 
atem  five  or  six  inches  in  diameter  covered  with  pale  gray  scaly  bark,  and  stout  spreading  branches 
forming  a  broad  low  flat-topped  head.  The  branehlets  are  stout,  slightly  zigzag,  marked  by  oblong 
pale  lenticels,  and  armed  with  thick  straight  or  slightly  curved  bright  chestnut-brown  shining  spines 
from  one  to  two  inches  in  length ;  when  they  first  appear  they  are  dark  orange  or  red-brown,  soon 
becoming  bright  orange-brown  and  very  lustrous,  lighter  colored  during  their  second  year,  and 
ultimately  dull  ashy  gray.  The  leaves  vary  from  nearly  orbicular  to  oval  or  rarely  to  oblong,  and  are 
short-pointed  at  the  apex,  full  and  rounded  or  broadly  cuneate  at  the  entire  base,  sharply  and  doubly 
serrate  above,  with  slender  straight  or  incurved  glandular  teeth,  and  often  divided  above  the  middle 
into  three  or  four  pairs  of  short  acute  lobes ;  when  they  unfold  they  are  pale  yellow-green  and  some- 
what villose  on  the  upper  surface  toward  the  base  and  below  in  the  axils  of  the  principal  veins,  with 
a  few  short  caducous  hairs,  and  in  the  autumn  they  are  thin  but  firm  in  texture,  dull  dark  green 
above,  paler  below,  and  usually  about  an  inch  and  a  half  long  and  broad,  with  slender  midribs 
and  four  or  five  pairs  of  thin  primary  veins  deeply  impressed  above;  they  are  borne  on  slender 
grooved  slightly  glandular  petioles  more  or  less  winged  above  by  the  decurrent  leaf-blades  and  from 
five  eighths  of  an  inch  to  an  inch  in  length.  The  stipules  are  linear-lanceolate,  coarsely  glandular- 
serrate,  and  from  one  third  to  one  half  of  an  inch  long.  On  vigorous  leading  shoots  the  leaves 
are  nearly  orbi  .ular  or  short-oval,  more  coarsely  serrate  and  more  deeply  lobed  than  the  leaves  of 
lateral  branehlets,  and  frequently  three  inches  long  and  broad,  and  their  petioles  are  often  broadly 
winged  and  conspicuously  glandular.  The  flowers  open  during  the  first  week  in  June,  when  the 
leaves  are  about  a  third  grown,  and  are  three  quarters  of  an  inch  in  diameter ;  they  are  produced  on 
short  stout  pedicels,  in  compact  six  to  twelve-flowered  glabrous  compound  corymbs,  with  linear  finely 
glandular  serrate  bracts  and  bractlets.  The  calyx-tube  is  broadly  obconic,  and  the  lobes  are  gradually 
narrowed  from  broad  bases,  elongated,  acuminate,  entire  or  occasionally  obscurely  denticulate,  and 
reflezed  after  the  flowers  open.  There  are  twenty  stamens  with  slender  filaments  and  small  rose- 
colored  anthers  turning  dark  purple  in  fading,  and  five  styles  surrounded  at  the  base  by  a  broad  ring 
of  hoary  tomentum.  The  fruit  is  borne  on  short  rigid  pedicels,  in  few-fruited  erect  clusters,  and  falls 
ill  October  without  becoming  mellow  ;  it  is  subglobose  but  often  rather  longer  than  broad,  about  five 
eighths  of  an  inch  in  diameter,  and  dull  red  more  or  less  blotched  witu  green,  or  often  wholly  green  on 
one  face ;  the  calyx  is  enlarged  and  prominent,  with  a  broad  deep  cavity  and  nearly  entire  wide-spreading 
often  closely  appressed  lobes ;  the  flesh  is  yellow,  thin,  dry,  and  hard  ;  the  five  nutlets  are  broad  and 
thick,  obscurely  and  unequally  grooved  on  the  back,  and  about  a  quarter  of  an  inch  in  length. 

Cratagus  mtborbictilata  grows  opposite  Lachine  on  low  limestone  ridges  near  the  south  bank  of 
the  St.  Lawrence  River  in  the  Province  of  Quebec,  where  it  was  discovered  at  Caughnawaga  in  August, 
1899,  by  Mr.  J.  G.  Jack. 


mi 


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I 


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EXPLANATION  OF  THE   PLATE. 

Plati  DCLIH.    Ckatjious  iuiiobbicvi.ata. 

1.  A  flowaring  bnuieb,  Dstunl  iix*. 

2.  VertirkI  Mction  of  a  flower,  anUrgad. 
'i.  A  uljrx-lobe,  enUrgad. 

4.  A  fniiting  bnnch,  D»tunl  (Ue. 

6.  Croaa  taction  of  »  frnit  ihowing  Um  nntlati,  lutorsl  i 

6.  Vertioal  laetion  of  •  fruit,  nktontl  liia, 

7.  A  nutlat,  tide  view,  aniarged. 

8.  A  nutlat,  raar  viaw,  enlargad. 


(Hi 


*i      Am*  •  .'  4 


T«w  rritn 


Av/^*" 


iiA 


)  i 


CRATj€CUS  suborb 


.<,^if^v^/,r  ,iir(\r' 


:j 


11 


n 


4 


i- 


hi 


I 


I 


:V 


rrrtxvkrtim  or  thk  platk. 

'    XU«ti('l    •imOklllCdkATA. 

'■.'I.,  uatarml  n>*. 
"mMmi  •(  •  tumm,  •alatgwl. 


K  *nmtk.  MMaral  lii*. 
'•im  »««rt—  m(  •  (ran  ahowinK  the  nntlatf,  iMInral  liu, 
>\'rl4c«l  ■«»><■:  et  •  (ruit.  n*(ur>l  ut* 
'Uthiit,  (id*  rimr,  •nUrijn) 
•r  (lyw  onUrgwl. 


Silva  of  North  Americ* 


T.b   DC  Lilt 


C  £  /lit*  '*»  (tW 


1)  I 


Xartatui  » 


CRAT/EGUS    SUBORBICULATA  Sar§ 


/^  /iuyrr^Uir  <^ar  *" 


i^?^p  ^^  Ta/tsur.  Pans 


^>i  ;l :  '5 


6    ■      S 


■ 

'!ii 

'V! 

M  ■ 

m 

;i 

■i'l 

:§i! 

W'    i 

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,1 

n 


i  1  ■^' 

1 

'  '=isi 

^|-| 

i 

i 

M'l 

1 

hii4.' 

B06ACK& 


aiLVA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


73 


OBAT^OUS  OOLLINA. 
Haw. 


Stamens  20 ;  anthers  pale  yellow, 
dull  yellow-green. 


Leaves  obovate  to  oval,  acute,  subcoriaceous, 


CratffigUB  oollina,  Chapmrnn,  Fl.  S.  States,  ed.  2,  Sappl.  2,  It\fe  of  Alabama).  —  Britton,  Man.  620.  —  Gattinger, 

684  (1892) ;  ed.  3,  140.  —  Beadle,  Bot.  Oaxette,  xxt.  M.  Tenneuee,  100. 

357.  ~  Mobr,  Contrib.  U.  S.  Nat.  Herb.  vi.  648  (Plant    Crnteegus  ooUioola,  Ashe,  Jour.  Elitha  Mitchell  Sei.  Soe. 

xvi.  pt.  ii.  76  (1900). 

A  tree,  usually  from  fifteen  to  twenty  but  occasionally  twenty-five  feet  in  height,  with  a  tall 
straight  stem  often  buttressed  at  the  base,  and  frequently  armed  with  many  large  "  'branched  spines 
sometimes  six  or  eight  inches  long,  and  stout  nearly  horizontal  wide-spreading  .  hes  forming  a 

handsome  flat-topped  symmetrical  head.  The  bark  of  the  trunk  is  thin  and  covered  with  small  closely 
appressed  dark  red-brown  scales  which  in  falling  disclose  the  bright  cinnamon-red  inner  bark.  The 
branchlets  are  slender,  sUghtly  zigzag,  marked  by  small  oblong  pale  lenticels,  and  furnished  with 
numerous  stout  lustrous  spines  from  two  to  three  inches  in  length ;  when  they  first  appear  they  are 
dark  red  or  green  tinged  with  red,  and  villose,  with  long  matted  silky  white  hairs ;  these  soon  disappear 
and  during  the  remainder  of  the  season  they  are  rather  bright  red-brown  and  puberulous,  becoming 
lighter«olored  during  their  second  season,  and  ultimately  ashy  gray.  The  leaves  vary  from  obovate  to 
oval  or  occasionally  to  rhomboidal,  and  are  acute  at  the  apex,  gradually  narrowed  or  broadly  cuneate  at 
the  entire  base,  irregularly  and  often  doubly  serrate  above,  with  glandular  incurved  or  straight  teeth ; 
when  they  unfold  they  are  bright  red  and  covered  with  soft  pale  hairs  which  are  most  abundant  along 
the  under  side  of  the  midribs  and  principal  veins,  and  in  the  autumn  they  are  subcoriaceous,  yellow- 
green  on  the  upper  surface,  paler  on  the  lower  surface,  and  glabrous  with  the  exception  of  a  few  hairs 
on  the  under  side  of  the  stout  yellow  midribs  and  four  or  five  pairs  of  slender  primary  veins  which  are 
only  slightly  impressed  on  the  upper  side  of  the  leaf ;  they  vary  from  an  inch  and  a  half  to  two  inches 
in  length,  and  from  an  inch  to  an  inch  and  a  quarter  in  width,  and  are  borne  on  slender  villose  but 
soon  glabrous  petioles  more  or  less  winged  toward  the  apex  by  the  decurrent  bases  of  the  leaf-blades 
and  from  one  quarter  to  one  half  of  an  inch  in  length.  The  stipules  are  linear,  villose,  entire,  rarely 
glandular,  and  caducous.  On  vigorous  leading  shoots  the  leaves  are  frequently  divided  into  short 
broad  acute  lateral  lobes,  are  much  more  coarsely  dentate  than  the  leaves  of  lateral  branchlets,  and  are 
often  three  inches  long  and  two  inches  and  a  half  wide,  with  stout  petioles  broadly  winged  above  and 
generally  bright  red  like  the  lower  side  of  the  base  of  the  midribs ;  and  their  stipules  are  often  limate, 
stipitate,  and  a  quarter  of  an  inch  long.  The  flowers,  which  appear  at  the  end  of  April  when  the  leaves 
are  less  than  a  third  grown,  and  earlier  than  those  of  the  other  species  of  the  region,  are  three  quarters 
of  an  incli  in  diameter  and  are  produced  on  long  stout  pedicels,  in  broad  compound  many-flowered 
villose  corymbs,  with  lanceolate  or  linear  finely  glandular-serrate  caducous  bracts  and  bractlets  whicli 
turn  bright  red  before  falling.  The  calyx-tube  is  broadly  obconic  and  villose,  particularly  toward  the 
base,  and  the  lobes  are  gradually  contracted  from  broad  bases,  acuminate,  usually  glabrous  on  the  outer 
surface,  villose  on  the  inner  surface,  finely  glandular-serrate,  with  dark  glands,  bright  red  toward  the 
apex,  and  reflexed  after  the  flowers  open.  There  are  usually  twenty  stamens  with  slenuer  filaments  and 
large  pale  yellow  anthers,  and  five  styles.  The  fruit,  which  ripens  in  September  and  has  mostly  fallen 
liefore  tlic  middle  of  October,  is  borne  in  few-fruited  erect  or  drooping  puberidous  clusters,  on  stout 


I^y 


s 

i 


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I 
I 


il 


IM 


If 


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n 

i 
i 

1 

i 

HL 

ik 

^2 

Ik. 

74 


/S/iF^   OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


ROSACEA 


elongated  pedicels ;  it  is  globose  but  sometiines  rather  broader  than  long,  dull  red  marked  by  small  pale 
dots,  and  from  one  third  to  one  half  of  an  inch  in  diameter ;  the  calyx  is  enlarged  and  prominent 
with  a  broad  shallow  cavity  and  closely  appressed  gktndular^serrate  usually  persistent  lobes ;  the  flesh 
is  yellow,  dry,  and  mealy.  The  five  nutlets  are  thick,  rounded,  ridged,  and  often  grooved  on  the  back 
and  about  a  quarter  of  an  inch  long. 

Although  perhaps  nowhere  very  abundant,  Cratagus  collina  is  a  common  inhabitant  of  the  foothill 
region  of  the  southern  Appakchian  Mountains,  where  it  grows  on  hillsides  in  rich  soil  from  south- 
western  Virginia'  to  central  Georgia,'  and  westward  to  middle  Tennessee^  and  central  Alabama,* 
ascending  in  western  North  Carolina  to  elevations  of  twenty-five  hundred  feet  above  the  sea.  Lonir 
confounded  with  Cratagus  Crus-galli  and  Cratag'is  punctata,  which  it  resembles  in  habit,  Cratagus 
collina  was  first  distinguished  at  Rome  Georgia,  by  Dr.  A.  W.  Chapman.* 


■  On  Jane  23, 1892,  Cratajut  cottina  wai  eoUaotad  in  the  north 
fork  of  the  Holston  Rirar  TBllejr,  Smjthe  County,  Tirginin,  by 
N.  L.  and  E.  6.  Britton  and  Anna  Mum;  Vail. 

*  In  central  Georgia  Cratagut  coUina  ia  abundant  in  Grant  Park 
and  on  the  tanka  of  the  Chattahooohee  Rirer  at  Atlanta,  and  rangei 
eaitward  Kt  leaat  aa  f ar  aa  Auguata.  The  moat  aouthem  point  at 
which  I  hare  bmd  thia  tree  ia  at  Colombua  on  the  Chattahoochee. 


•  In  Tennesaee  Cralagru  coUina  rangea  at  leaat  aa  far  weit  h 
Naahrille,  where  it  ia  common  on  the  limeatone  hill*  weat  u{  the 
city. 

•  The  moat  southern  point  in  Alabama  where  I  have  aeen  thii 
tree  ia  in  the  neighborhood  of  Birmingham. 

•  See  Tii.  110. 


EXPLANATION  OF  THE  PLATE. 

Plate  DCLIV.    Ckat.kou8  collika. 

1.  A  flowering  branch,  natural  >iu. 

2.  Vertical  section  of  a  flower,  enlarged. 

3.  A  fruiting  branch,  natural  aize. 

4.  A  fruit  divided  transrerMly,  enlarged. 
6.  A  nutlet  divided  tranivemely,  enlarged. 

6.  A  spine  from  the  trunk  of  an  old  tree,  natural  six*. 


ROSACEA 

by  small  pale 

id  prominent, 

•es;  the  flesh 

on  the  back, 

)f  the  foothill 
from  south- 
al  Alabama,' 
e  sea.  Long 
)it,  Cratagus 


■t  u  fu  west  u 
bUU  west  uf  the 

I  have  aeen  thii 


Tab.  BCLIV 


I.  K.'*. !  . 


a 


I.i 


n 


n 


jfflii 


f' 


74 


U    AMERICA. 


iw> 


•<n>«d«»r  than  long,  dull  n-d  marked  by  »!i. 
iianieUT;  the  calyx  \a  enlarged  and  pi. 
.ianduliir-Kerratti  usually  persistent  loli*-*  ,  i 
k.  roundutl,  ridgod,  and  often  grooved  .m    > 

iintt  collina  U  a  common  inhabitant  of    i- 
■ '  •■  it  growa  on  hillsides  in  rich  soil  \v 
»ni   to   middle   Tennesbee'  and  centriti 
■.     ,w  i.f  twenty-five  hundred  feet  above  the  •< 
•  •.•■<»  fmttctata,  which  it  resembles  in  habit. 
«t<f||M.  by  Dr.  A.  W.  Cha{)man.' 


.1'   at 


•  lu  Teniiea««  Cratagut  ctUina  ranges  at  Im- 
Kuhvillv,  wh«re  it  it  comiiioii  va  thp  liiiioi«loii< 
eity. 

<  TV  iDMrt  touthrrn  jMint  in  AlnliRina  wli4r. 
tnw  >•  in  th«  nriglil>t>rliootl  of  Kiraiiughani. 

'  Sm  «ii.  lia 


?,\    ■*NArfi)N   uK    IHK   J'i.atp:. 

f ■..)•»  1X,'UV     CKA»J««Pf;  -loursA. 
A  tiewOTin^  l>t>uirli,  iMtiiral  sire. 
■.'     V*H)c*l  i-Tvfi*»o  ^1  u  Howt-r.  tfularjfeil. 
t    A  fniitiog  Itranch,  r.ttural  iize. 
s     \  ffuit  Jivi.lrtl  truiiTerwsljr,  enUrjtwl. 

\     viiUt  liTifled  trtniTemely,  eiilarKcd. 
I,    .'.  -!•.,;*  u..!n  tilt  iruiik  of  nn  old  tree,  imtural  site. 


Silva  of  North  Aint 


Tab.  BCLIV 


.  t! Fit,ri"i   ,iW 


Hirfiehf  j-i 


CF-lATA'A'rUG    COLLINA,  r.hapm. 


AlitthVi^ur  JtriM-^ 


In:f  ,  ' r.uuvir  !\tn.r 


I    i-' 


if 
■  1 


II 


li  I 


'1* 


! 


■ 


I 


i 


gajBgi--^'  --u,5-~^«.taaiTw»e--.. 


ROSACEJt. 


Sta 
green  an 


A  sle 
diameter 
and  small 
straight  oi 
straight  bi 
often  unai 
hairs  whi( 
bright  ch( 
rhombic,  a 
serrate  ab 
the  middli 
May,  the} 
short  cadi 
maturity  i 
surface,  as 
stout  J 
but  soon  g 
acuminate, 
leaves  arc 
short  broa 
and  decuri 
quarter  in 
compound 
calyx-tube 
reflexed  ai 
slender  elo 
base  by  a  i 
falls,  is  boi 
half  of  an 
and  elongi 
The  two  c 
quarter  of 

Cratu 
southeastei 


ROSACEA 


8ILVA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


75 


CRATiEanS  SORDIDA. 


Ha^. 


Stamens  20 ;  anthers  rose  color.  Leaves  rhombic  to  obovate,  subcoriaceous,  dark 
green  and  lustrous  on  the  upper  surface. 

CSratsegua  Bordido,  Swgeot,  Bot.  QometU,  xzziii.  114  (1902). 

A  slender  tree,  from  twenty  to  twenty-five  feet  in  height,  with  a  tall  stem  five  or  six  inches  in 
diain<^ter  covered  with  dark  furrowed  and  scaly  bark,  and  often  armed  with  long  branched  spines, 
and  small  ascending  branches  forming  a  narrow  oval  head.  The  branchlets  are  very  slender,  nearly 
straight  or  slightly  zigzag,  marked  by  large  oblong  pale  lenticels,  and  armed  with  numerous  thin  nearly 
straight  bright  chestnut-brown  shining  spines  from  one  inch  to  two  inches  and  a  half  in  length,  or 
often  unarmed ;  when  they  first  appear  they  are  dark  orange-green  and  villose,  with  long  scattered  pale 
hairs  which  sometimes  do  not  entirely  disappear  until  autumn,  and  in  their  second  season  they  are 
bright  chestnut-brown  and  lustrous,  becoming  dull  reddish-brown  the  following  year.  The  leaves  are 
rhombic,  acute,  or  occasionally  obovate  and  very  rarely  rounded  at  the  apex,  cuneate  and  entire  below, 
serrate  above,  with  narrow  straight  or  incurved  glandular  teeth,  and  rarely  irregularly  divided  above 
the  middle  into  short  acute  lobes ;  about  half  grown  when  the  flowers  open  during  the  first  week  of 
May,  they  are  then  membranaceous,  bright,  lustrous,  and  glabrous  with  the  exception  of  a  few 
short  caducous  hairs  on  the  upper  surface,  particularly  along  the  midribs  and  principal  veins ;  and  at 
maturity  they  are  subcoriaceous,  dark  green  and  lustrous  on  the  upper  surface,  paler  on  the  lower 
surface,  and  generally  about  an  inch  and  a  half  long  and  an  inch  and  a  quarter  wide ;  they  are  borne 
'  stout  grooved  petioles  slightly  winged  toward  the  apex  by  the  decurrent  leaf-blades,  at  first  villose 
but  soon  glabrous,  about  half  an  inch  long,  and  in  the  autumn  often  bright  red.  The  stipules  are  linear, 
acuminate,  glandular,  with  minute  bright  red  glands,  and  caducous.  On  vigorous  leading  shoots  the 
leaves  are  sometimes  oblong-obovate  or  oval,  coarsely  dentate,  usually  divided  above  the  middle  into 
short  broad  acute  lobes,  from  three  to  four  inches  long,  from  two  inches  to  two  inches  and  a  half  wide, 
and  decurrent  on  the  stout  g'landular  petioles.  The  flowers,  which  vary  from  an  inch  to  an  inch  and  a 
quarter  in  diameter  and  arA  very  fragrant,  are  produced  on  slender  pedicels,  in  few-flowered  compact 
compound  slightly  villose  corymbs,  with  linear  glandular-serrate  caducous  bracts  and  bractlets.  The 
calyx-tube  is  narrowly  obconic  and  the  lobes  are  narrow,  acimiinate,  villose  on  the  inner  surface,  and 
reflexed  after  the  flowers  open.  The  petals  are  dull  sordid  white,  and  there  are  twenty  stamens  with 
slender  elongated  filaments  and  small  rose-colored  anthers,  and  two  or  three  styles  surrounded  at  the 
base  by  a  narrow  rbg  of  pale  hairs.  The  fruit,  which  ripens  about  the  middle  of  September  and  soon 
falls,  is  borne  on  short  pedicels,  in  few-fruited  drooping  clusters;  it  is  globose,  from  one  third  to  one 
half  of  an  inch  in  diameter,  and  dark  dull  red ;  the  calyx  is  prominent,  with  a  broad  shallow  cavity, 
and  elongated  coarsely  serrate  appressed  or  incurved  lobes ;  the  flesh  is  thin,  yellow,  dry,  and  mealy. 
The  two  or  three  iiutlets  are  broad,  roundr^  and  ridged  on  the  back,  with  low  wide  ridges,  and  a 
quarter  of  an  inch  long. 

Cratvegxtn  nordida  inhabits  low  woods  and  the  gravelly  banks  of  streams  in  Ripley  County, 
southeastern  Missouri,  where  it  was  discovered  at  Pleasant  Grove  in  August,  1899,  by  Mr.  B.  F.  Bush. 


<] 


li 


ill 


;  II 


EXPLANATION  OF  THE  PIJ^TE. 


Platk  DCLV.    Cbat-koui)  hokdiha. 

1.  A  flowering  bnuicli,  natural  iiiu'. 

2.  Vertical  wction  of  a  flower,  enlarged. 
:<.  A  calyx-lobe,  enlarged. 

4.  A  fruiting  branch,  natural  aize. 

C.  C'ruM  Mc'ion  of  a  fruit,  natural  size. 

6.  Vertical  aection  of  a  fruit,  natural  lita. 

7.  A  natlet,  lide  view,  enlarged. 

8.  A  nutlet,  rear  view,  enlarged. 


nenca 


"^1^ 


f>0 


Hi 


?i  I 


tXl'IANATION   <»F  THK   fl^TK. 


Vi^TK  IX.'I.V.     Cbatjuuk  n)Ki>ii>A. 

1.  A  fluwtring  br*B«h,  irntumt  nun. 

3.  Vertical  HMtim  M  •  Howar,  eiilarf  ol. 
;i.  A  culjru-loh*.  rnUrgnl. 

4.  A  (riiiting  Imiirli,  n«tiirsl  liii'. 

5.  Crww  MMttion  of  a  fruil,  nttural  nil*. 

6.  Vertical  wptiuii  nt  a  (mil.  lutiiral  tixs. 

7.  A  nnllfl,  •iiji>  \i«w,  (•iilargeii. 

8.  A  niitlfl.  rear  ri»w,  ralargod. 


il  i 


iil 


Silv«  of  Nnrtb  America 


T.l.   1.HLV 


(   t'r.urun  ,M 


ZartAtid  . 


CRAT/EGUS   SORDIDA.Saro 


.■f/ft,v/>»/./'   ./ir,:i  ' 


S'tp  V-' ^r^'4ir  Tiiri 


Wit 


; ! 


' 


■') 


1    i': 


i 


WWACKA 


BILVA   OF  NOHTH  AMERICA. 


n 


ORATiEOUB  BRAZORIA. 


H»w. 

Stamenh  20 ;  Hnthew  dark  red.  Lcavch  ovul  to  obovatc,  acute,  thin,  dark  Krecn, 
and  lustrouH. 

Cratagua  Braaorla,  Hsrgtnt,  Hot.  OauetU,  mi.  'i'iA  (lUOl). 

A  tree,  from  twenty  to  tweiity-Kve  feet  in  height,  with  a  tail  Htroiglit  Htem  cijht  or  ten  inohei 
in  diameter,  and  numerouH  aM'ending  bran<'heH  furmiug  a  liandHome  Mymmetrical  round-topped  head. 
The  biirk  near  the  hose  of  large  HteniH  is  thick,  deeply  furrowed,  and  nearly  black,  and  on  Hmaller  stemi 
and  large  branches  it  iH  ashy  gray,  and  covered  with  smooth  closely  appressed  scales.  The  branchlett 
are  HJendcr,  slightly  zigzag,  marked  by  small  oblong  pikle  lenticels,  and  unarmed  or  occasionally  armed 
with  long  thin  gray  thorns ;  covered  with  matted  (Nile  hairs  when  they  firHt  appear,  the  branchlets 
Duon  Iteconio  glabrous,  and  during  their  Hrst  season  they  are  light  red-brown  and  lustrous,  and  ashy 
gray  in  their  second  year.  The  leaves  vary  from  oval  to  obovate  and  are  acute  or  acuminate  at  the 
apex,  grudiuklly  narrowed,  cunettte  and  entire  at  the  base,  and  coarsely  and  irregidarly  glandidar- 
s(!rrate  above,  with  straight  spreading  teeth ;  they  are  coated  with  hoary  tomentum  and  often  bright 
red  us  they  unfold,  and  are  nearly  fully  grown  when  the  Howers  o|)en  from  the  middle  to  the  end  of 
Miircli,  wiicn  they  are  covered  with  short  soft  pule  hairs  which  are  most  abundant  on  the  under  side  of 
the  thin  midribs,  and  three  or  four  pairs  of  prinmry  veins ;  and  at  maturity  they  are  thin  and  firm  in 
texture,  glabrous,  dark  green  and  lustrous  on  the  up|ier  surface,  (uiler  on  the  lower  surface,  from  two 
inches  to  two  inches  and  a  half  long  and  from  an  inch  and  a  (|uarter  to  an  inch  and  a  half  wide ;  they 
are  borne  on  slender  slightly  grooved  petioles,  more  or  less  winged  t«)ward  the  'tpex,  at  first  tomentose 
but  ultimately  glabrous  or  puberulous,  and  from  one  half  to  three  quarters  of  an  inch  in  length.  The 
stipules  are  foliaceous,  somewhat  falcate,  acuminate,  usually  entire,  villose,  and  about  a  quarter  of  an  inch 
long.  On  vigorous  leading  shoots  the  leaves  are  broadly  ovate  or  oblong,  full  and  rounded  or  broadly 
cuneate  at  the  base,  very  coarsely  dentate,  and  often  iive  inches  long  and  two  inches  and  a  half  wide ; 
anrl  their  stipules  are  foliaceous,  lunate,  short-pointed,  sometimes  coarsely  glandular-serrate,  long-stalked, 
and  frequently  half  an  inch  in  length.  The  flowers  are  three  quarters  of  au  inch  in  diameter,  on 
slender  elongated  pedicels,  in  broad  thin-branched  slightly  villose  corymbs,  with  long  linear-obovate 
neuminate  ghmdular  villose  bracts  and  bractleta.  The  calyx-tube  is  narrowly  obconic  and  coated  with 
long  matted  |)ale  hairs,  and  the  lobes  are  narrow,  acuminate,  obscurely  glandular-serrate  or  nearly 
entire,  villose  on  both  surfaces,  and  reflexed  after  the  Howers  open.  There  are  twenty  stamens  \.nth 
■lender  filaments  and  small  dark  red  anthers,  and  five  styles  surrounded  at  the  base  by  a  thin  ring 
of  hoary  tomentum.  The  fruit,  which  ripens  after  the  first  of  October,  and  is  borne  in  spreading  or 
drooping  few-fruited  clusters,  is  subglobose  or  often  rather  longer  than  broad,  bright  canary-yellow, 
marked  by  occasional  dark  dots,  and  from  one  third  to  one  half  of  an  inch  in  length ;  the  calyx  is 
prominent,  with  a  broad  deep  cavity  and  lobes  which  usually  disappear  before  the  fruit  ripens ;  the 
flesh  is  thin,  light  yellow,  rathor  dry,  but  sweet  and  edible.  The  five  nutlets  are  rounded  and  grooved 
on  tlie  back,  and  nearly  a  quarter  of  an  inch  in  length. 

Cratagua  Brazoria  inhabits  low  rich  woods  near  the  banks  of  the  Brazos  River  in  Brazoria, 
Texas,  where  I  first  saw  it  on  March  25,  1900,  and  where  subseq  .ently  it  has  been  collected  several 
times  by  Mr.  B.  F.  Bush. 


i 


'A 


EXPLANATION  OF  THE  PLATE. 

Platr  DCLVI.    Ckatxuus  Bbazobia. 

1.  A  flowering  branch,  natural  size. 

2.  Vertical  aection  of  a  flower,  enlarged. 

3.  A  calyx-lobe,  enlarged. 

4.  A  fruiting  branch,  natural  aize. 

5.  Vertical  aection  of  a  fruit,  natural  aize. 
C.  Croaa  aection  of  a  fruit,  natural  aize. 

7.  A  nutlet,  aide  riew,  enlarged. 

8.  A  nutlet,  rear  riew,  enlarged. 


till 
i  m 


^VA^V.   tvM 


^       ^     # 


hi 


i 


■r.p.AT. 


.4  HiMirmulf  dimr ' 


;l 


r 

i 

|j| 

1 

1 

! 

(  is 

•  ■     1 

i    f 

l>       <ll 


EXPLANATION  OF  THE   PLATE. 

Platb  IM'LVI.    Ckatju>i;«  Biu/oaiA. 

t.  A  Hoircriug  hnuirh,  natural  size 

'.'.   Vertirjil  Mrtioii  uf  a  lluwer.  enlarged. 

3.  A  ralyj-lolw,  enUr({«il. 

4.  A  fniiting  liranch,  nittur*!  «iie. 

8.  Vrrtieal  uctioa  of  a  fruit,  natural  niu. 
C.  CroM  (Mtion  of  a  fruit,  natural  iu«. 
*•  A  QatlM,  M*i*  \y*w.  euUrgtHi. 
8.  A  iiutlvt,  n»T  Mt'x    "iilarged. 


P 


Silva  of  Noriii  America. 


rKFamn  :M 


Tal)   I.CLV: 


CRAT/F.GUS    BRAZORIA    ~.u-f. 


A  RiOi-rtHtjy  Jirea>  ** 


^  i 


\  k 


iff 


111 


%\ 


W  I 


iiii 


i 


t 


y 


* 


■    ■  ■ 

i 

!l 


>Ji 


ROSACEA 


Stai 


A  tre 
with  thin  c 
with  thin  i 
forming  a 
and  armed 
in  length ; 
pubescent 
acute  or  ac 
and  cuneal 
glandular  i 
pairs  of  sh( 
hoary  tome 
short  pale  1 
and  a  half 
and  pale  ar 
veins,  consf 
petioles  mo 
tomentose, 
length.    T 
caducous, 
serrate  thai 
two  to  two 
half  an  inci 
in  compact 
caducous  b 
narrow,  aci 
stamens  wit 
The  fruit, 
spreading  ( 
pu'ocrulous 
diameter ; 
are  enlarge 
five  nutlett 
dark  brown 
Cratw 
often  inuni 
1882  by  M 

'  (leorge  Wi 
Charlotte  (HI, 


uoBACKM.  SILVA   OF  NORTH  AMERICA.  79 


ORAT^QUS  LETTERMANI. 
Haw. 
Stamens  10  ;  anthers  wbite.     Leaves  obovate  to  broadly  oval. 

OratSBgus  Lettermani,  Sargent,  Bot.  Oaxette,  zzxi.  220  (1901). 

A  tree,  eighteen  or  twenty  feet  in  height,  with  a  trunk  six  or  eight  inches  in  diameter  covered 
vith  thin  dark  brown  or  nearly  black  bark  separating  freely  into  small  plate-like  scales,  and  often  armed 
with  thin  much-branched  spines  frequently  seven  or  eight  inches  long,  and  rather  small  erect  branches 
fonning  a  wide  open  head.  The  branchlets  are  slender,  nearly  straight,  marked  by  mbute  pale  lenticels, 
and  armed  with  stout  straight  bright  red-brown  shining  spines  from  an  inch  and  a  half  to  two  inches 
in  length  ;  coated  when  they  first  appear  with  hoary  tomentum,  they  are  dull  red-brown  and  villose  or 
pubescent  during  their  first  season,  and  dark  gray-brown  the  following  year.  The  leaves  are  obovate, 
acute  or  acuminate  or  rounded  and  short-pointed  at  the  apex,  gradually  narrowed  from  near  the  middle 
and  cimeate  at  the  mostly  entire  base,  coarsely  and  often  doubly  serrate,  with  straight  it  incurved 
glandular  teeth,  and  frequently  slightly  and  irregularly  divided  above  the  middle  into  three  or  four 
pairs  of  short  acute  lobes ;  Tvhen  they  unfold  they  are  strongly  plicate  and  covered  with  a  thick  coat  of 
hoaiy  tomentum,  and  when  the  flowers  open  in  May  they  are  nearly  half  grown,  roughened  above  by 
short  pale  hairs  and  pubescent  below,  and  in  the  autumn  they  are  about  two  inches  long  and  an  inch 
and  a  half  wide,  thick  and  firm  in  texture,  bright  yellow-green  and  scabrous  on  the  upper  surface, 
and  pale  and  pubescent  on  the  lower  surface  along  the  stout  midribs,  four  or  five  pairs  of  primary 
veins,  conspicuovsly  forked  secondary  veins,  and  reticulate  veinlets ;  they  are  borne  on  stout  grooved 
petioles  more  or  less  winged  above  the  middle  by  the  decurrent  bases  of  the  leaf-blades,  at  first 
tomentose,  ultimately  pubescent  or  nearly  glabrous,  and  usually  about  three  quarters  of  an  inch  in 
length.  The  stipules  are  linear,  glandular-serrate,  tomentose,  about  a  quarter  of  an  inch  long,  and 
caducous.  On  vigorous  leading  shoots  the  leaves  aie  broadly  oval,  acute  or  acuminate,  more  coarsely 
serrate  than  the  leaves  of  fertile  branches,  from  two  inches  and  a  half  to  three  inches  long  and  from 
two  to  two  and  a  half  inches  wide,  with  broad  lunate  coarsely  glandular-serrate  stipules  frequently 
half  an  inch  in  length.  The  flowers  are  about  three  quarters  of  an  inch  in  diameter,  and  are  produced 
in  compact  many-flowered  compound  thick-branched  tomentose  corymbs,  with  linear  glandular^errate 
caducous  bracts  and  bractlets.  The  calyx-tube  is  narrowly  obconic  and  tomentose,  and  the  lobes  are 
narrow,  acuminate,  finely  glandular-serrate,  villose,  and  reflexed  after  the  flowers  open.  There  are  ten 
stamens  with  smaU  anthers,  and  five  styles  surrounded  at  the  base  by  a  broad  ring  of  hoary  tomentum. 
The  fruit,  which  ripens  early  in  October  and  is  borne  on  stout  pubescent  pedicels,  in  few-fruited 
spreiiding  or  drooping  clusters,  is  subglobose  or  occasionally  slightly  obovute,  full  and  rounded  and 
pu'oerulous  at  the  ends,  dull  orange-red,  marked  by  large  pale  dots,  and  about  half  an  inch  in 
diameter ;  the  culyx-cavity  is  broad  and  shallow,  and  the  lobes,  which  often  fall  before  the  fruit  ripens, 
are  enlarged,  coarsely  glandular-serrate,  and  reflexed  ;  the  flesh  is  thin,  yellow,  dry,  and  mealy.  The 
five  nutlets  are  acute  at  the  ends,  very  prominently  ridged  on  the  back,  with  high  rounded  ridges, 
dark  brown,  and  a  quart«r  of  an  inch  long. 

Crataf/un  Leitermmii  grows  in  low  rich  soil  among  Oaks  and  Hickories  in  situations  where  it  is 
often  inundated  during  several  weeks  in  winter,  near  Allenton,  Missouri,  where  it  was  discovered  in 
1882  by  Mr.  George  W.  Letterman.' 


■  I 


i\ 


i 


11 


■ 


'  Ccorge  Waahingtoii  L«tterinan  (1884),  the  Bon  of  Johu  and 
Charlotte  (lllair)  Lettermao,  was  born  near  Bellefonte,  Centre 


County,  Pennsylvania,  of  a  family  which  had  lived  for  three  gen- 
erations in  Pennsylvania,  liis  father  being  of  Dutch  and  his  mother 


ill 


■il 


80 


SILVA   OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


ROSArEA 


\ 

^ 

■  i 

i 

■ 

,! 

of  Iruli  deaoent.  From  the  publio  HcluMtls  he  entered  the  State 
College  in  Centre  County,  but  left  befuri:  gruluktion  to  jiiin  the 
Union  armjr,  in  which  be  euli>te<l  m  a  private.  tServing  until  the 
end  of  the  war  he  waa  muttered  out  of  the  aervioe  with  the  rank  of 
captain  of  Toluuteen.  After  crouing  the  plaint  to  New  Mexico  in 
Ibott,  he  returned  to  PenniyWania,  and  then  going  weat  again  to 
Kaniaa,  with  the  idea  of  becoming  a  farmer  in  that  state,  be  Anally 
in  1868  nettled  in  Allenton,  Miuouri,  a  railroad  hamlet  about 
thirty  milea  weat  of  St.  Louia.  Here  Mr.  Lrtterman  taught  in 
the  public  acbool  uninterruptedly  for  twenty  years,  and  then  for 
two  year*  acrved  aa  auperintendent  of  aobools  in  St.  Louis  County. 
Shortly  after  settling  in  Allent<m,  Mr.  l^etterman  met  August 
Fendler  (see  lii.  123)  the  botanist,  who  bad  a  farm  at  thia  lime  in 
the  neighborhood.    Tbia  meeting  with  Fendler  atimulated  bia  inter- 


est in  plunU,  especially  in  treea,  and  led  to  an  acquaintance  with 
Dr.  Engelmann,  for  whom  Letterman  made  large  collections  of 
plaota  in  the  naigliborbood  of  Allenton,  with  many  notcr  un  ||,e 
Oaka  and  Ilickoriea.  In  1880  he  waa  appointed  a  special  sgent 
of  the  Census  Department  of  the  United  States  to  collect  infurnit- 
tion  about  the  trees  and  forests  of  Missouri,  Arkansw.,  wcil^rn 
Louisianr,  and  eastern  Texaa,  and  later  be  was  enipluyed  at  an 
agent  of  the  American  Muaeum  of  Natural  History  in  New  York 
to  collect  specimens  of  the  trees  of  the  aame  region  for  the  .leiup 
Collection  of  North  American  Wootls.  The  distribution  uf  the 
trees  of  this  region  before  Mr.  Letterraan't  trarela  was  little 
known,  and  much  useful  information  concerning  them  wu  lint 
gathered  by  bim.  Of  his  numerous  discoveries,  species  of  Ver- 
nonia,  Poa,  and  Stipa  also  commemorate  the  name  of  Lettermu, 


EXPLANATION  OF  THE  PLATE. 


Platc  DCLVIL    CRAT.«<iits  Lkttkiuiaki. 
1.  A  flnwering  branch,  natural  size. 
3.  Vertical  anction  of  a  ilower,  enlarged. 

3.  A  ralyx-lobe,  enlarged. 

4.  A  fruiting  branch,  natural  site. 

6.  Cross  section  of  a  fruit,  natural  size. 
6.  A  nutlet,  natural  size. 


nosArKA 

quaiiiUnc'o  with 
g«  ooUeotioiu  of 
tii7  notcF  on  the 

»  special  agent 
«  collect  iiiforma- 
>rkaiirh.,  western 

emplujtej  at  an 
nry  in  New  York 
ion  for  the  Jnup 
•tribution  uf  the 
niTeU  wai  little 
[  them  was  flrit 

•pecict  uf  Ver- 
I  of  Lettcrmao. 


J      ^\  rl  \in 


P?!«. 


.'**J,^,^A***'' 


5 


MS 


i:'' 


1 


^ 


i      i 


CRATiCCiiS    .  £•;  - 


l^ 


yf  if.'  ---«.-•■  J-;rr4r 


iiil 


iM    (^ 


I! 


N 


•tf) 


.sJLV.i    OF  NOKTIl   AMEHICA. 


ff^mi* 


SUva 


o*  ln»h  dnMnt.  Vfiii  tb«  pablw  iMbuoli  ho  hiI»wm1  ll*  SUto 
t  ..ltiig»  in  Crntr*  ('..unty,  but  IfW  heti.«)  gnilustiuo  l<>  join  Ui« 
I'lHwi  uinr,  ia  whu'h  lir  niilMtcil  u  It  |>nv*to.  Herfing  uuiil  lb« 
Mid  a(  Um  wmr  bo  »»»  uiu»t«n»l  out  iif  lb<-  ««r»i<!«  i>itb  tbi>  rwik  of 
MtyUun  111  tolunlwrf  After  crouinK  tb»  plaiiii  t.i  \«w  Moiru  ci 
IHfltl,  bo  mliimmJ  to  r<(liMvlT«ai»,  »mi  thim  (piiiiK  wMt  •((nm  to 
Ku«u,  wiUi  tb»  ide»  of  liwoniinx  i>  tutxatx  iii  thul  •Ulr,  he  Hn»llj 
ia  1868  ««tlliM  in  AlU'nU.ii,  Mu<»"<ii,  »  r»ilrc«il  bmuli'l  «l).mt 
thirty  mile"  we»C  of  St.  Loui».  Her»  Mr  [.rtttt.iian  ttiipclit  in 
tha  public  Mhool  tinioterruptwllr  for  Iwsnty  yitn,  anil  ib^n  'or 
two  yii«r»  MfTijii  M  »upriiul»od«iil  of  Mhoulu  i»  HI.  \Ma\h  County. 
Nhortly  •fuir  »tllin|{  lu  AllrMoM,  Mr  l>-ttcnDiui  mnt  Aiifuit 
Fendler  (tn  xii.  I'i'll  tbo  h.it«ni»t.  who  bwi  i.  f«rui  -i  I'm  tiiiw  in 
the  nuigbborhood.    Thu  mMting  with  Feodtw  «ir(ml«i'»l  hi*  intet- 


I'tl  111  |il«ii(4,  Fap««iiilly  ill  trrra,  and  led  to  an  »~i|tu..i(  „>. , 
Ur.  Kng»linaiin»  for  whom  Lotterman  itiiida  lar|(»  w<llt<.li. 
planta  in   the  iteixliborhmid  of  Altunton,  with  ifikhi  ».)%<.*  i. 
Oalia  awl  lin'korics.     In  IHrtl)  ho  waa  ap|M>iHl#<i  a  «i..-'.t  ,1 
tjf  th«  Ccnsna  U^parlmimt  of  tlm  I'niti'il  .Stnt«s  t^»  rtilUtcC  iiif« 
ttua  about  the   tivo*  nut]   fi>nMt.<  of  MinNnnri,  A«lr4»M»«i<  ^. 
l^iui«ia"4,  and  eastern  Tetaa,  and  Inter  bn  war  •- 
af(rnt  of  the   Ainvritfaii  Mnnriliii  of  Nulunil  Ilw.v* 
to  coih*rt  aiieoiini  'in  of   the  trt't'H  of  the  nanie  t*i^  '.'>.  Vit  Iho  < 
(.'ollfctiou  of  North    Ahicrican    Wowln.     The   th^innotn  11  t 
tree*  of  thia   region   liefuni   Mr.    LetterinaD't  Irsiia^a  wa< 
>:::-<wn,  and  inueh  useful  inforniallun  ooneenia^  tk>-.'t.   ivu' 
f^albert'd  by  bini      Of  hia  unniennu  diaoororiea,  •|ii... ;.  <  .( 
noitia,  I'ott,  aiul  S  ,ipa  alio  oommemorate  i\w  nait>4     '  ' 


Jt-XPLANATTON   OF  THK   IM.ATE. 

PtAT«    DCLVII.      CKATiWH^   LrmHMAWt. 
1     A  flo«oriii((  bmndi.  u»liir»l  »iti. 

2.  Vertioil  »ectii>ii  "f  »  llowef.  ciili  rged. 

3.  A  <-»)jrx-lnbe,  enUrKeil. 

4.  A  fruiting  branch,  imtural  »i».c. 

5    CriM*  nection  of  a  fruit,  natura'  sice. 
tf.  A  nullM,  iwtunl  mm. 


fEFc 


yrfW^ff  . 


Mul    Ikffi 


Silva  oi'  North  Amenc*. 


C  EFaaxin  d4*i. 


Tab  DCLVII 


^ 


7f4ipm^.  JO. 


CRATAEGUS    LETTERMANNI,Sar6. 


j4 JtuJtyM*,r   iirc^r^ 


Imp  .  /  Tan^ur.  Paru 


t  \ 


%  \ 


; 


i  W 


M     ■         i    . 


ilH 


nOoACKA 


Stai 
and  luHtr 


A  ire 

covered  wi 
spines,  ami 
aleiuler,  gr 
straight  <)r 
length ;  lij 
glabrous,  s 
dark  gray- 
apex,  grad 
often  doub 
season  witi 
into  short 
on  both  81 
of  May  th( 
are  glabroi 
surface,  fn 
thin  midril 
leaf,  are  d« 
on  slender 
The  stipulf 
leaves  are 
wide,  with 
The  ilowei 
broad  loos 
first  but  80 
and  bractli 
pale  hairs, 
surface,  vi! 
slender  elo 
base  by  a  i 
until  Novo 
bright  sea 
in  diamete 
serrate,  an 
mealy.  T 
with  promi 
CraU 


aObACK/K. 


SILVA   OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


61 


ORAT-fflOUS  PRATEN8I8. 
Red  Haw. 

Stamens  10 ;  anthers  rose  color.    Leaves  oblong-obovatc,  subcoriaceous,  dark  gret  u, 
and  luHtrous. 

OrBUBgua  prstensla,  Ssrgent,  Bot.  Oaxettt,  zzxi.  6  (1901). 

A  tree,  occasionally  twenty  feet  in  height,  with  a  tall  stem  from  three  to  Reveo  inches  in  diameter 
covered  with  dark  bruwn  scaly  bark,  and  often  armed  with  long  slender  much-branched  ashy  gray 
spines,  and  spreading  branches  forming  a  broad  round-topped  symmetrical  head.  The  branchlets  are 
slender,  somewhat  zigzag,  marked  by  many  small  pale  lenticels,  and  furnished  with  numerous  thin 
straight  or  slightly  curved  shining  chestnut-brown  spines  from  two  inches  to  two  inches  and  a  half  in 
length ;  light  yellow-green  and  occasionally  slightly  villose  when  they  first  appear,  they  soon  become 
glabrous,  and  are  light  chestnut-brown  or  orange-brown  and  lustrous  during  their  first  summer,  and 
dark  gray-brown  during  their  second  year.  The  leaves  are  oblong-obovate,  acute  or  rounded  at  the 
apex,  gradually  narrowed  below  from  near  the  middle  and  cuneate  and  entire  at  the  base,  sharply  and 
often  doubly  serrate,  usually  only  above  the  middle,  with  straight  or  incurved  teeth  tipped  early  in  the 
season  with  minute  dark  red  caducous  glanda,  and  often  more  or  less  deeply  divided  toward  the  apex 
into  short  broad  acute  lobes ;  when  they  unfold  they  are  bright  bronze-yellow  or  dark  red,  and  covered 
on  both  surfaces  with  short  pale  hairs ;  these  soon  disappear,  and  when  the  flowers  open  at  the  end 
of  May  the  leaves  are  almost  smooth,  nearly  fully  grown,  and  membranaceous ;  in  the  autumn  they 
are  glabrous,  thick  and  firm  in  texture,  dark  green  and  lustrous  on  the  upper  surface,  pale  on  the  lower 
surface,  from  an  inch  and  a  half  to  two  inches  long  and  from  an  inch  to  an  inch  and  a  half  wide,  with 
thin  midribs  and  four  or  five  pairs  of  primary  veins  which,  extending  obliquely  toward  the  apex  of  the 
leaf,  are  deeply  impressed  on  the  up|)er  side  and  raised  and  prominent  on  the  lower  side  ;  they  are  borne 
on  slender  grooved  glabrous  petioles  usually  about  half  (In  inch  long  and  more  or  less  winged  above. 
The  stipules  are  Unear,  straight  or  falcate,  and  finely  glandular-serrate.  On  vigorous  leading  shoots  the 
leaves  are  often  oval  or  broadly  ovate,  and  frequently  three  inches  long  and  two  and  a  half  inches 
wide,  with  foliaceous,  lunate,  stalked,  coarsely  glandular-dentate  stipules  often  an  inch  in  length. 
The  flowers  are  one  third  of  au  inch  in  diameter,  and  are  produced  on  slender  elongated  pedicels,  in 
broad  loose  thin-branched  many-flowered  compound  corymbs  which  are  pubescent  or  puberulous  at 
first  but  soon  become  ghibrous,  and  are  furnished  with  small  linear  glandular-serrate  caducous  bracts 
and  bractlets.  The  calyx-tube  is  narrowly  obconic,  coated  particularly  toward  the  base  with  long  matted 
pale  hairs,  and  the  lobes  are  narrow,  acuminate,  coarsely  glandular-serrate,  glabrous  on  the  outer 
surface,  villose  on  the  inner  surface,  and  reflexed  when  the  flowers  open.  There  are  ten  stamens  with 
slender  elongated  filaments  and  small  rose-colored  anthers,  and  two  or  three  styles  surrounded  at  the 
base  by  a  narrow  ring  of  pale  tomentum.  The  fruit,  which  ripens  early  in  October  but  does  not  fall 
until  November,  haiifrg  on  the  elongated  pedicels,  in  loose  drooping  many-fruited  clusters ;  it  is  globose, 
bright  scarlet,  slightly  pruincse,  marked  by  occasional  large  pale  dots,  and  about  a  third  of  an  inch 
m  diameter  ;  the  calyx-cavity  is  deep  and  narrow,  and  the  lobes  are  much  enlarged,  coarsely  glandular- 
serrate,  and  often  deciduous  before  the  fruit  becomes  entirely  ripe  ;  the  flesh  is  thin,  yellow,  dry,  and 
mealy.  The  two  or  three  nutlets  are  thick  and  broad,  rounded  and  conspicuously  ridged  on  the  back, 
with  prominent  grooved  ridges,  and  about  a  quarter  of  an  inch  long. 

Cratagus  pratensia  grows  in  open  woods  near  the  banks  of  small  streams  in  the  prairie  region  of 


ri  ^ 


-.■  i' 


;    'I 


li 


!H 


I  :i 

:'5 


82 


8ILVA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


lUIHArKit, 


Stark  and  Peoria  oountiei,  lUiuoia.     It  wu  Ant  diatinguiahad  in  May,  1895,  by  Mr.  Virgiiiiun  ||. 
ChaM. 


EXPLANATION  OV  THK  PLATE. 

Plat*  DCLVIII.    Cbatjmvi  numnn, 

1.  A  flowtring  branch,  nstunl  lit*. 

3.  Vtrtieal  Motioo  of  >  flowtr,  cnUrgMl, 

3.  A  oslyx-lob*,  •nlarg«d. 

4.  A  fruiting  branch,  natural  liu. 

5.  A  fruit  diridcd  tranirtrMljr,  natural  iIm. 

6.  A  nutlat,  front  ticw,  (nlargad. 

7.  A  nntlat,  raar  Tiaw,  anlargad. 


>f,il .. 


\7 


1^ 


\;: 


.1 


J 


CRAT.'F 


:atens 


I 


M 


I 


I 


^IMI 


i 


'i 


1 


^     ■': 


Wv 


m 


Si, 


II 


i  ■ 


O^rU  AMERICA.  Bowtci* 

■•■■H'.    dutinguMhtxl   iu  May,  1895,  by  Mr.  Virgiui.-- 


»  S. PLANA  rWN  OF  THE   PLATE. 

I'l.ATB    rX'LV'IlI.      Cv.K1Xil\-lk   niATK.VSlS. 

1.  A  flaw»rii^(  branch,  natural  siie. 

%  Vtrtical  MHiUan  o{  a  flower,  enlarged. 

3.  A  nalyx-ltibe,  rnlarged. 

4.  A  fruiting  branrh,  natural  lize. 

A.  A  (mil  divided  tnuMvenely,  natural  gize. 
(>.  A  outlet,  fruni  view,  enlarged. 
T.  A  nuU«^>  rear  »iew.  enlarged. 


i1 


u\ 


f  l*fi 


\m\ 


i 


g^ 


Virgiiiiu*  H. 


Silva  of  North  America 


A 


(J  ^ 


y.Kt.P,-n  .W 


HuruiA  .re 


CRAT/EGUS    PRATENSIS   Gar^, 


.^  F^{.rr^tNi.f  lii/rtv' 


I'np  .  ' Tant'ur  }\i/'u 


\\ 


K       i 


y 


j 


i  r 


BOSACEiB. 


aiLVA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


88 


ORAT-fflGUS  MOLLIS. 
Bed  Haw. 
Stamens  20 ;  anthers  light  yellow.     Leaves  broadly  ovate,  thick  and  firm. 


Cratcegus  mollis,  Scheele,  Linncea,  zxi.  669  (1848).  — 
Walpen,  Ann.  ii.  523.  —  Sargent,  SUva  N.  Am.  iv.  99 
(in  part),  t.  182,  f.  4.  —  Dippel,  Handb.  Laubholzk.  ii. 
436.  —  Koehne,  Deutiohe  Dendr,  2S2  (in  part).  —  Brit- 
ton,  Man.  521  (in  port).  —  Gattinger,  Fl.  Tennessee,  97. 

CrateeguB  ooooinea  >,  ?  mollis,  Torrey  &  Gray,  Fl.  N.  Am. 
i.  466  (in  part)  (1838).  —  Wation  &  Coulter,  Graif's 
Man.  ed.  6,  165  (in  part). 


CratoKus  subviUosa  ?  Torrey,  Pacific  R.  B.  Rep.  iv.  86 
(1857) —  Ridgway,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  1882,  66.  — 
Sargent,  Forest  Trees  N.  Am.  10th  Census  U.  S.  ix.  78 
(in  part). 

Crateegus  tomentosa,  var.  mollis.  Gray,  Man,  ed.  6,  160 
(in  part)  (1867). 


A  tree,  sometimes  forty  feet  in  height,  with  a  tall  trunk  often  eighteen  inches  in  diameter,  and 
stout  wide-spreading  smooth  ashy  g^^ay  branches  forming  a  broad  round-toppad  and  often  symmetrical 
bead.  The  bark  of  the  trunk  is  thin  and  broken  into  small  closely  appressed  scales  usually  dark  brown 
near  the  base  of  old  trees  and  light  gray  on  young  stems.  The  branchlets  are  stout,  slightly  zigzag, 
marked  by  numerous  small  pale  lenticels,  and  unarmed  or  armed  with  occasional  straight  thick  bright 
chestnut-brown  shining  spines  from  one  to  two  inches  in  length ;  when  they  first  appear  they  are 
covered  with  a  thick  coat  of  long  white  matted  hairs,  and  during  tiieir  first  summer  they  are  orange- 
brown  or  reddish  brown  and  villose,  becoming  glabrous  and  lustrous  in  their  second  year,  and  ultimately 
dark  gray-brown.  The  leaves  are  broadly  ovate,  acute,  usually  cordate  or  rounded  at  the  broad  base, 
coarsely  and  generally  doubly  serrate,  with  straight  glandular  teeth,  and  more  or  less  deeply  divided 
into  four  or  five  pairs  of  acute  lateral  lobes ;  when  they  unfold  the  upper  surface  is  covered  with  short 
pale  hairs  and  the  lower  surface  is  thickly  clothed  with  hoary  tomentum  ;  and  about  half  grown  when 
the  flowers  open  early  in  May,  they  are  then  membranaceous,  Ught  yellow-green,  and  still  hairy  above 
and  pubescent  or  tomentose  below  ;  in  the  autumn  they  are  usually  from  three  to  four  inches  long  and 
broad,  thick  and  firm  in  texture,  dark  yellow-green  and  slightly  rugose  on  thn  upper  surface,  and 
paler  and  pubescent  or  puberulous  on  the  lower  surface  along  the  stout  midribs  and  four  or  five  pairs 
of  slender  primary  veins  which  extend  to  the  points  of  the  lobes ;  they  are  borne  on  stout  nearly 
terete  petioles  tomentose  at  first,  ultimately  pubescent  or  nearly  glabrous,  often  shghtly  glandular,  with 
small  dark  caducous  glands,  and  from  an  inch  to  an  inch  and  a  quarter  in  length.  The  stipules 
are  lanceolate,  acuminate,  straight  or  falcate,  coarsely  serrate,  and  frequently  half  an  inch  in  length. 
On  vigorous  shoots  the  leaves  are  more  deeply  lobed,  with  a  deeper  basal  sinus  than  the  leaves  of 
fertile  branchlets,  and  frequently  five  or  six  inches  long  and  broad,  with  foliaceous  lunate  coarsely 
serrate  stipules  sometimes  an  inch  in  length.  The  flowers  are  an  inch  in  diameter  and  are  borne  in 
broad  thick-branched  compound  many-flowered  tomentose  corymbs,  with  conspicuous  oblong-obovate 
acuminate  glandular-serrate  slightly  villose  bracts  and  bractlets  which  are  at  first  pale  green,  and  turn 
red  or  brown  in  fading.  The  calyx-tube  is  narrowly  obconic  and  covered  with  hoary  tomentum,  and 
the  lobes  are  narrow,  acuminate,  coarsely  glandular-serrate,  with  bright  red  glands,  villose  on  the  outer 
surface,  tomentose  on  the  inner  surface,  and  reflexed  after  the  petals  fall.  There  are  twenty  stamens 
with  large  light  yellow  anthers,  and  four  or  usually  five  styles  surrounded  at  the  base  by  a  broad 
ring  of  hoary  tomentum.  The  fruit  ripens  late  in  August  and  in  September,  and  is  borne  on  stout 
pedicels,  in  drooping  few-fruited  villose  clusters  ;  it  is  short-oblong  or  subglobose,  full  and  rounded  at 
the  ends,  more  or  less  pubescent,  scarlet,  marked  by  occasional  large  pale  dots,  from  three  quarters 


ft' 


It 


_■  1 


i 


I 


i 


..I 


II    i! 


M 


/8/iF4    OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


ROSACEjK, 


of  an  inch  to  an  inch  in  diameter,  and  surmounted  by  the  prominent  hairy  calyx,  with  a  broad  deep 
cavity  and  enlarged  erect  and  incurved  lobes  which  mostly  fall  before  the  fruit  ripens ;  the  flesh  w 
thick,  yellow,  subacid,  dry,  and  mealy.  The  four  or  usually  five  nutlets  are  thin,  rounded  and  some- 
times obscurely  ridged  on  the  back,  light  brown,  and  p  quarter  of  an  inch  long.' 

Cratagu8  mollis  grows  in  low  rich  soil  usually  on  the  bottom-lands  of  streams,  and  is  distributed 
from  northern  Ohio'  to  eastern  Dakota'  and  Nebraska,*  eastern  Kansas,  and  central  Tennessee.'^ 


'  In  th«  foarth  volume  of  thU  work  Mnnl  Thorn-tree*  which 
ue  now  belicTed  to  be  dUtinet  apeoiee  were  united  with  the  Cm- 
tagut  tHoUu  o(  Soheele,  originally  detoribed  from  •peoimena  gath- 
ered in  lUinoi*.  Solieele'a  deaeription  learea  little  doubt  of  the 
identity  of  hii  apeciea  with  the  common  large-froited  Thorn  of 
Illinoia  and  the  neighboring  atatea,  which  I  now  call  Cralagut 
mollit,  although  it  doea  not  include  an  aosonnt  of  the  flower*. 

A  flowering  apeoimen  of  a  tree  cultivated  in  German]',  aent  to  me 
by  Profeaaor  Koehne  of  Berlin  a*  a  repreecBtative  of  Cratagvt 


lilia/olia,  Lange  (Rev.  Gm.  el  Spec.  Cralagi,  31),  ia  not  diatiO' 
guiahable  from  apecimen*  of  Cralagut  moUii  gathered  in  Illinoia. 
<  K.  L.  Moaele;,  Perkina,  Eaaex  County,  1806. 

•  D.  H.  Saunders,  Bull.  04,  Soulh  Dakota  Agrie.  College,  1S7 
(Fern*  and  FUnoering  Planit  of  Soulh  Dakola). 

'  Beaaey,  Rep.  Neb.  Stale  Board  Agrie.  1899,  87  (The  Farali 
and  Forett  Treee  of  Nebraeka). 

*  A.  Gattinger,  without  date. 


EXPLANATION  OF  THE  PLATE. 

Platk  DCLIX.    Crat.s<iu8  mollis. 

1.  A  flowering  branch,  natural  aiie. 

2.  Vertical  section  of  a  flower,  enlarged. 

3.  A  calyx-lobe,  enlarged. 

4.  A  fruiting  branch,  natural  aize. 

6.  Cross  section  of  a  fruit  showing  the  nutlets,  natonl  siie. 

6.  Vertical  section  of  a  fruit,  natural  size. 

7.  A  nutlet,  side  view,  enlarged. 
K.  A  nutlet,  rear  view,  enlarged. 

9.  A  leaf  of  %  shoot,  somewhat  reduced  in  siie. 


S'.  \' 


ROSACEA 


)0 


CRA'^yf.G 


li 


■  I 


n     f 


! 


m 

ei  tm  tmk  to  ••i  mw*  »>  ^ffws^rt 


y//    AMERICA. 


BOBACKH 


5  «•*-»  .rolled  by  the  jirominent  hairy  calyx,  with  u  l)ro»(l  it«(i|; 
whii:h   numtly  full   lioforc  th«  fruit  riiMitiii ;  the   flcsli  i,, 
.:.  ijiir  or  usually  Hvo  autlt'ts  are  thin,  rouiid<Hi  hihI   «,iue 
){it!  ^awn,  Kiid  a  quarter  of  an  inch  long.' 

id)  whI  ttsuttlly  on  the  bottoni-huuls  of  Htreanis,  and  in  dictribtiU" 
»«*«»» '  iUid   Nebriiska,'  uaHtorn  Kansas,  and  central  Ti>rin(»««-c,"' 


-     l1ir»«-UnMi«  which 

.  at*i  \iWi*  4t>tib<  of  the 
»«vn  iars^'flHivft«<i    Hwni  of 

it  iw-  H*»w«  m. 


tUUr/oltn,   IvAiigf  (/iVr.   6'fn,  ^/  Spfc.   CnUajfi.  'Mi.  m  uoi  .Ji»i,i 
j^^iiisliAttU  fron.  •pf'ciiiKfit*  of  Cratayuj  mnlitM  gHiiwrrti  m  1IIiLr<t 
'  K.  I.  Monnliiy,  PcrkiriK,  KsuPt  (bounty,  18ft" 

•  1>.    H.  Saumli-ri,   Hull.  tH,  South  Ikihiia    \  ,- 
{Frrfis  ivul  Flowrnng  Ptdrttt  tff\S,ntth  Ihil'ofa). 

*  UcuMT,  llrp.   AVA.   .SVijIi!  Hoard  .Ijric.  1*«<. 
and  Ftirmt  Trtts  nf  Sehnuka). 

'  A.  <  litttiiigrr,  without  dats. 


mv.   I'LATK. 

'      A  Ilwtter-av   ':  TtHfh.  BlktSMIl!  WW. 

it:jfh,  natural  riw. 
6,  t,««»  ^<-)n«!  n  a  fruit  nhowinf;  iho  nuUeta,  imtural  site. 
B    V«lfcoJ  «>»"7Mm  of  ■  fnxii.  natural  «i/». 
T.   A  U^fix*.  «•!  ■  '   ■  w.  eii!:irt;<  li. 
H.   A  nuSl^'.t,  rwar  ^  ifw,  pnl»rj{»*ti. 
!>    A  Loaf  at  a  aluiut.  auiiK-That  rediicvil  in  (ize. 


Silva  of  North  Amenca. 


Tab.  DCLIX. 


f  EFaa^n  tM. 


CRAT;«GUS     MOLLIS,  Scheele 


',',  1 


n 


I 


|i| 


i  i 


I 


<    !, 


i;n 


■'  ''A 


;it'  1 


B 

1 

J 

1 ' 

1     ^ 

1    ^ 

il    ' 

R 

KdHACEiK. 


SILVA   OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


85 


ORAT^OUS  ABKANSANA. 


Red  Haw. 


Stamens  20 ;  anthers  pale  yellow.     Leaves  oblong-ovate  to  oval,  acute,  coriaceous, 
dull  dark  green. 

Cratsgus  Arkonaana,  Sargent,  Bot.  Qatttte,  xxxi.  223  (1901). 

A  tree,  twenty  feet  in  height,  with  a  tall  straight  stem  covered  with  pale  scaly  bark,  and  thick 
slightly  ascending  and  wide-spreading  branches  forming  a  broad  open  irregular  head.  The  branchlets 
are  very  stout,  somewhat  zigzag,  marked  by  many  small  pale  lenticels,  and  unarmed  or  armed  with 
occasional  straight  light  chestnut-brown  shining  spines  gradually  narrowed  from  broad  bases,  and 
usually  from  one  third  to  one  half  of  an  inch  in  length  ;  dark  green  and  covered  when  they  first  appear 
with  long  pale  hairs,  t.t  midsummer  the  lateral  fertile  branchlets  are  coated  with  rusty  pubescence,  and 
the  leading  shoots  are  often  glabrous  and  light  orange-brown  and  lustrous,  and  during  their  first  winter 
the  branchlets  are  ora  age-brown  and  very  lustrous,  becoming  ashy  gray  in  their  second  year.  The 
winter-buds  are  acute,  about  an  eighth  of  an  inch  long,  nearly  as  broad  as  they  are  long,  dark  red,  and 
puberulous  along  t)  .  aargins  of  the  outer  scales.  The  leaves  are  oblong-ovate  or  oval,  acute  at  the 
apex,  broadly  cuneate,  rounded  or  truncate  at  the  base,  usually  divided  above  the  middle  into  three  or 
four  pairs  of  short  broad  acute  lobes,  and  serrate,  sometimes  to  the  base,  with  short  straight  glandular 
teeth ;  when  the  flowers  open  about  the  middle  of  May  they  are  nearly  one  third  grown  and  are 
coated  with  soft  white  hairs  which  are  most  abundant  on  the  under  surface  of  the  midribs  nd  veins, 
and  in  the  autumn  they  are  thick  and  leathery,  dull  dark  green  and  glabrous  on  the  upper  surface,  pale 
yellow-green  on  the  lower  surface,  from  two  to  three  inches  in  length  and  from  an  inch  and  three 
quarters  to  two  inches  in  width,  with  stout  light  yellow  midribs  and  primary  veins  deeply  impressed 
above  and  slightly  villose  below,  with  scattered  pale  hairs,  and  conspicuous  secondary  veins  and  reticulate 
veinlets ;  they  are  borne  on  stout  deeply  grooved  petioles  more  or  less  winged  toward  the  apex,  glandular, 
with  minute  usually  deciduous  dark  glands,  at  first  tomentose  but  ultimately  glabrous  or  puberulous, 
generally  dark  red  after  midsummer,  and  from  an  inch  to  an  inch  and  a  half  long.  The  stipules 
are  glandular-serrate,  villose,  linear-lanceolate  or  narrowly  obovate,  and  about  half  an  inch  long.  On 
vigorous  leading  shoots  the  leaves  are  usually  broadly  ovate,  rounded  or  truncate  at  the  base,  and  often 
four  inches  long  and  three  inches  wide,  with  foliaceous,  lunate,  coarsely  glandular-dentate  stipules 
sometimes  nearly  an  inch  in  length.  Late  in  October  or  early  in  November  the  leaves  turn  bright 
clear  yellow.  The  flowers  are  an  inch  in  diameter,  and  are  produced  on  short  stout  pedicels,  in  broad 
rather  compact  many-flowered  thin-branched  villose  compound  corymbs,  with  oblong-obovate  and  acute 
or  linea^lanceolate  finely  glandular^errate  often  persistent  bracts  and  bractlets.  The  calyx-tube  is 
narrowly  obconic,  coated  with  long  matted  pale  hairs,  and  the  lobes  are  short,  acute,  very  coarsely 
glandular-serrate,  and  glabrous  or  slightly  villose.  There  are  twenty  stamens  with  slender  filaments 
and  large  pale  yellow  anthers,  and  five  styles.  The  fruit,  which  ripens  at  the  end  of  October,  and  then 
remaining  on  the  branches  for  several  weeks  falls  gradually,  hangs  in  few-fruited  drooping  clusters,  on 
stout  villose  pedicels ;  it  is  oblong  or  rarely  obovate,  full  and  rounded  and  slightly  tomentose  at  the 
ends,  bright  crimson,  very  lustrous,  marked  by  few  large  dark  dots,  from  three  quarters  of  an  inch 
to  an  inch  long,  and  about  three  quarters  of  an  inch  thick  ;  the  calyx-cavity  is  deep  but  comparatively 
narrow,  and  the  lobes  are  small,  lineai^lanceolate,  coarsely  glandular-serrate,  red  on  the  upper  side 
toward  the  base,  erect,  and  persistent ;  the  flesh  is  tliick,  yellow,  and  subacid.     The  five  nutlets  are 


! 


;' 


1 1 


86 


8ILVA   OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


HOHACBA. 


;i'    Hn 


small  in  companion  to  the  uw  of  the  fruit,  thin,  rounded,  or  ilightly  and  irregularly  ridged  on  the 
back,  and  a  third  of  an  inch  long. 

Fint  diHtiuguiiihed  from  tree*  in  the  Arnold  Arboretum  raised  from  Heeds  collected  in  1883  in 
Newport,  Arkansas,  by  Mr.  George  W.  Lettennan,  (JrntarjuH  Arkanmna  has  not  been  rediscovered. 
Perfectly  hardy  in  eastern  Massachusetts,  where  it  has  grown  rapidly  to  a  large  size,  this  handsome 
tree  is  unsurpassed  late  in  the  autumn  in  the  beauty  of  its  large  brilliant  and  abundant  fruits,  wlijch 
remain  on  the  branches  long  after  those  of  the  other  species  of  this  group  have  disappeared,  und  make 
it  one  of  the  most  desirable  garden  plants  of  the  genus. 


EXPLANATION  OF  THE   PLATE. 

Platk  DCLX.    CRAT.aotm  Abkaniana. 

1.  The  end  of  ■  floveriitg  branch,  natural  m», 

2.  Vertical  Mction  of  a  flower,  natural  lize. 
8.  A  fruiting  branch,  natural  liie. 

4.  Vertical  lection  of  a  fruit,  natural  til  . 

6.  Crou  Mction  of  a  fruit  ehowing  the  nntleU,  natural  i 

6.  A  nutlet,  lid*  riew,  enlarged. 

7.  A  nutlet,  front  view,  enlarged. 


m 


:M 


! 


CRA' 


/.y*('  .-zere.r 


1 

m 

'  ^B! 

i^l 

Bj 

Vi  ' 

' 

1' 

'     ' 

ht 

i         ;' 


I 


SUVA   OF  Noinil   AMF.UICA. 

is  ftrnt/ttittm  to  Ik*  aiw  of  tb«  fruit,  thin,  roundMi,  or  ■lightly  nml  irritguUrly  riilf  ^•l 
bn»k,  And  a  liiird  of  an  im-h  long 

Tvnti  (iMtiHKUttbtHl  from  u-\rv*  in  Ui*  Arnold  ArlMin>tun)  ritiM>d  fnini  m-im|h  rnlliHinl   m 
Ffffwpnn,  AiiuuMU,  by  Mr    (roor^a*  W.   l/ftteniutn,  < 'intinjun  Arkim»iiiin  Iumi  noi   Iwrn   n.i     . 
Pcrfcviit  bwdy  in  MMtern  MMWichuaetta,  whertt  it  luu  grown  mpidly  to  n  liiif(u  Niw,  ibu  l<ni 
M—Mlpamiri  kit  in  Uit<  itulumn  in  ())■•   \mauty  of  it*  lurgo  lirilliunt  mid  uliinnUnt   (nut 
on  tka  bnutolMt  Inn^f  .iftvr  tlioiw  nf  tli«*  other  «|K!cieit  of  tliin  f^roup  liitvi'  (liM4|i|M<iir>'<l     ■ 
it  om  oi  the  moat  doiiinble  garden  pltntit  of  the  genu*. 


KXPLANATION  OF    IlIK    I'LATK- 

I'l-ATi!  IK'I.X.     CHAr.anim  Khkhsiaha. 

1  I'll*  onil  of  ■  Kowrring  bnnrh,  natur*)  tiu. 

'i.  Vigil's)  •W'tion  ul  «  Huwtr,  natural  liui. 

8.  A  fruiting  hranrh,  natural  rita. 

4.  \'i<rtifal  •••ctioii  fif  a  fruit,  nataral  liis. 

A.  Cnw  •rrtiiin  i.(  a  frt.it  thowiiiK  tiia  nulUla,  nataral  liM. 

0.  A  iiu'lrt,  (iiU  Tiair,  pulargvil 

7  A  nutlat,  front  ritw,  auUrfviL 


Silvt  of  North  Aintnci 


T«b  DTLX 


C£ /'aoMn.  dal 


Zareaud  ^o 


CRA:/EGU3  ARKANSAKA.  7.a.^4, 


A  Rwcretur  iitre,r^ 


Imp  JThiieur  Faru 


v  \ 


1 


ROtiACKi 


Si 


Ai 
m  diam 
topped 
lenticels 
spines  i 
thick  ho 
mately  ] 
slightly 
pairs  of 
straight 
then  CQi 
maturity 
on  the  1 
with  slei 
of  the  1 
inch  to  » 
of  an  in( 
length, 
many-flc 
tomentoi 
hairs,  an 
on  the 
anthers, 
stout  pi: 
marked 
long  an( 
glandula 
is  thick, 
depresse 

Cr 
Detroit 
rivers.' 

>  Iflnit 
1899.     It 
woo(l«  adji 
GIfnHon  Pi 
it  hu  oft^n 


ROSACRiK 


8ILVA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


87 


ORAT^OUS  SERA. 
Haw. 
Stamens  20 ;  anthers  pale  yellow.    Leaves  oblong-oTate,  membranaceous. 

Crataegua  sera,  Sargent,  Bot.  OoMttte,  xzziii.  116  (1902). 

A  tree,  from  thirty  to  forty  feet  in  height,  with  a  tall  straight  trunk  tvelve  or  eighteen  inches 
in  diameter  covered  with  pale  slightly  fissured  bark,  and  thick  branches  forming  a  broad  round- 
topped  symmetrical  head.  The  branchlets  are  slender,  somewhat  zigzag,  marked  by  small  oblong  pale 
lenticels,  and  unarmed,  or  armed  with  occasional  straight  slightly  curved  bright  chestnut-brown  lustrous 
spines  from  an  inch  and  a  quarter  to  an  inch  and  a  half  in  length  ;  coated  when  they  first  appear  with 
thick  hoary  tomentum,  they  are  light  red-brown  and  puberulous  during  their  first  summer,  and  ulti- 
mately pale  orange-brown.  The  leaves  are  oblongH)Tate,  acute  at  the  apex,  rounded,  truncate  or 
slightly  cordate,  particularly  on  vigorous  shoots,  at  the  broad  base,  irregularly  divided  into  four  or  five 
pairs  of  short  acute  lateral  lobes,  and  sharply  and  sometimes  doubly  serrate  nearly  to  the  base,  with 
straight  glandular  teeth ;  unfolding  alout  the  first  of  May  with  the  opening  of  the  flowers,  they  are 
then  covered  above  with  short  soft  white  hairs  and  coated  below  with  thick  hoary  tomentum ;  and  at 
maturity  they  are  membranaceous,  dark  yellow-green  and  glabrous  on  the  upper  surface,  pubescent 
on  the  lower  surface,  from  two  to  four  inches  long  and  from  two  and  a  half  to  three  inches  wide, 
with  slender  midribs  slightly  impressed  above  and  thin  remote  primary  veins  extending  to  the  points 
of  the  lobes ;  they  are  borne  on  slender  tomentose  ultimately  pubescent  petioles  which  vary  from  an 
inch  to  an  inch  and  a  half  in  length.  The  stipules  are  linear,  acute,  glandular-serrate,  villose,  a  quarter 
of  an  inch  long,  and  on  vigorous  leading  shoots  often  lunate,  abruptly  acuminate,  and  half  an  inch  in 
length.  The  flowers  are  three  quarters  of  an  inch  in  diameter,  and  are  borne  in  compact  compound 
many-flowered  tomentose  corymbs,  with  lanceolate  or  oblanceolate  coarsely  glandular-serrate  villose  or 
tomentose  bracts  and  bractlets.  The  calyx-tube  is  broadly  obconic  and  coated  with  long  matted  pale 
hairs,  and  the  lobes  are  broad,  acute  or  acuminate,  glandular-serrate,  with  large  dark  glands,  tomentose 
on  the  outer  surface,  and  villose  on  the  inner  surface.  There  are  twenty  stamens  with  pale  yellow 
anthers,  and  four  or  usiully  five  styles.  The  fruit  ripens  about  the  first  of  October  and  is  borne  on 
stout  puberulous  pedicels,  in  drooping  few-fruited  clusters ;  it  is  obovate  or  oblong,  dull  dark  red, 
marked  by  small  pale  dots,  usually  slightly  villose  or  pubescent  at  the  ends,  two  thirds  of  an  inch 
long  and  half  an  inch  wide ;  the  calyx-cavity  is  broad  and  shallow,  and  the  lobes  are  enlarged,  coarsely 
glandular-serrate,  erect  and  incurved,  and  often  deciduous  before  the  ripening  of  the  fruit ;  the  flesh 
is  thick,  yellow,  dry,  and  mealy.  The  four  or  usually  five  nutlets  are  thin,  light  brown,  irregularly 
depressed  on  the  back,  with  broad  shallow  grooves,  and  a  quarter  of  an  inch  in  length. 

CrataguH  nera  g;rows  in  low  moist  ground  in  the  neighborhood  of  streams  on  Belle  Isle  in  the 
Detroit  River,  Michigan,  and  near  Chicago,  Illinois,  on  the  bottoms  of  the  Calumet  and  Desplaiues 
rivers.' 


.  r! 


; 


^  I  flrst  noticed  this  handsome  Thom-trer  on  lielle  Isle  in  May, 
1899.  It  had  heen  previously  ooUected  by  Mr.  E.  J.  Hill  in  rich 
woa<l>  adjacent  to  the  Calumet  River  in  1896  and  1807,  nnd  near 
Glendon  Park  on  the  Pesplaines  Kiver  in  1000.  It  is  probable  that 
it  has  often  been  confounded  with  Cratagua  moUia,  and  that  Cratagus 


sera  will  be  found  to  be  common  in  southern  Michigan,  northern 
Indiana,  and  northern  and  central  Illinois.  From  Cralagus  mollis  it 
differs  in  its  more  oblong  and  much  thinner  leaves  and  in  its  late 
ripening  fruit. 


n 


i 


'U  : 


:ii 


EXPLANATION  OF   THE   PLATE. 


Flatb  DCLXI.    CBAT.eavs  seka. 

1.  A  flowerin;:  bnnch,  natural  size. 

2.  Vertical  section  o{  a  flower,  enlarged. 

3.  A  ralj'x-lobe,  enlarged. 

4.  A  fruiting  branch,  natural  site. 

r>.  Vertical  section  of  a  fruit,  natural  siie. 

6.  Cross  section  of  a  fruit,  natural  size. 

7.  A  nutlet,  side  view,  enlarged. 

8.  A  nutlet,  rear  view,  enlarged. 


<. 


-■.•»), 


,r^ 


il 


fi:;AT.'f 


\ 


U  ¥ 


-.i'  I 


EXPI,ANA?I"N    nv  THE   PLATE. 

VUiTK    rM'l.XI.      C'llAT.«OUS  ilEIlA. 

1.  A  rtowmni;  brwirb,  ii»tural  «iii'. 

2.  \'Hriii»l  tfAi<in  iif  ;i  rii>«sr,  tmlargeil. 

3.  A  ruiyi.i'ii"      !il,i,''.,.'.l. 

4.  A  fniitin^  Kiaiua.  uatural  size. 

fi.  Vdrtii-al  wiriion  of  •  fruit,  natural  site. 

♦i.  f  roM  wetiun  of  a  fniii,  natural  site. 

7.  A  uutlot,  side  vie'*,  *»nlai-gi^. 

8.  A  iiutliit,  rear  view,  (ritlar^e*!. 


Silva  of  North  Amencd. 


Tab.  DCLXI 


'M 


C  K  Fii.ron  ti^i 


CRATvCGUS     SERA,Sar6. 

O 


lartnu'd  . 


B08ACEA 


St^ 


At 
with  pal 
gymmetr 
lenticels, 
which  va 
pie  hair 
season,  i 
broadly  i 
with  sho 
gpreadinj 
dense  ho 
scabrous 
midribs 
half  to  V 
often  mi 
quarters 
to  three 
are  aboi 
tomentoi 
in  fadin 
are  lanci 
flowers 
surrounc 
graduall 
villose  c 
dots,  sli] 
third  to 
lobes,  w 
reflexed 
The  five 
in  lengt 

Cr 
Caughn 
J.  G.  Ji 


ROSACEiB. 


SUVA   OF  NORTH  AMEBIC  A. 


89 


ORAT^GUS  CANADENSIS. 
Haw. 
Stamens  20  ;  anthers  white.    Leaves  ovate,  cuneate  at  the  base. 

Crattegua  Canadensis,  Sargent,  Bhodora,  iii.  73  (1901). 

A  tree,  eighteen  or  twenty  feet  in  height,  with  a  trunk  six  or  eight  inches  in  diameter  covered 
with  pale  gray-brown  scaly  bark,  and  stout  spreading  branches  which  form  a  broad  round-topped 
symmetrical  bead.  The  branchlets  are  slender,  conspicuously  zigzag,  marked  by  large  oblong  pale 
lenticels,  and  armed  with  numerous  stout  straight  or  slightly  curved  dark  chestnut-brown  shining  spines 
which  vary  from  two  inches  m  two  inches  and  a  half  in  length  ;  dark  green  and  covered  with  matted 
pale  hairs  when  they  first  appear,  they  become  light  orange-brown  and  very  lustrous  during  their  first 
season,  and  turn  ashy  gray  in  their  third  year.  The  leaves  are  ovate,  short-pointed  at  the  apex, 
broadly  cuneate  or,  on  leading  shoots,  truncate  at  the  base,  slightly  lobed  usually  only  above  the  middle, 
with  short  broad  acute  lobes,  and  coarsely  and  frequently  doubly  serrate  often  nearly  to  the  base,  with 
spreading  glandular  teeth  ;  in  early  spring  they  are  coated  above  with  soft  white  hairs  and  below  with 
dense  hoary  tomentum,  and  at  maturity  they  are  thin  but  firm  in  texture,  blue-green  and  glabrous  or 
scabrous  on  the  upper  surface,  pale  and  pubescent  on  the  lower  surface,  particularly  along  the  slender 
midribs  and  primary  veins,  from  two  inches  to  two  inches  and  a  half  in  length  and  from  an  inch  and  a 
half  to  nearly  three  inches  in  width ;  they  are  borne  on  slender  grooved  glandular  petioles  which  are 
often  more  or  less  winged  above,  tomentose  at  first  but  ultimately  nearly  glabrous,  and  from  three 
quarters  of  an  inch  to  an  inch  long.  The  stipides  are  linear,  finely  glandular-serrate,  from  one  half 
to  three  quarters  of  an  inch  in  length,  and  cadm  n  >  The  flowers,  which  open  i.  the  end  of  May  and 
are  about  three  quarters  of  an  inch  in  diameter,  are  borne  in  broad  loose  compact  thin-branched 
tomentose  corymbs,  with  linear-lanceolate  glandular-serrate  bracts  and  bractlets  which  become  dark  red 
in  fading.  The  calyx-tube  is  broadly  obconic  and  villose,  with  long  matted  white  hairs,  and  the  lobes 
are  Ltnceolate,  glandular,  with  large  red  stipitate  glands,  villose  on  both  surfaces,  and  reflexed  after  the 
flowers  open.  There  are  twenty  stamens  with  small  nearly  white  anthers,  and  five  styles  which  are 
surrounded  at  the  base  by  a  thin  ring  of  pale  tomentum.  The  fruit  npens  early  in  October  and,  falling 
gradually,  does  not  entirely  disappear  until  after  midwinter ;  it  is  borne  in  erect  thick-stemmed  slightly 
villose  clusters,  and  is  short-oblong  or  subglobose,  crimson,  lustrous,  marked  by  large  scattered  pale 
dots,  sUghtly  viUose  toward  the  ends,  from  one  half  to  five  eighths  of  an  inch  long  and  from  one 
third  to  one  half  of  an  inch  wide ;  the  calyx-tube  is  prominent,  with  a  broad  deep  cavity,  and  the 
lobes,  which  are  gradually  narrowed  from  broad  bases,  are  elongated,  glandular,  villose,  spreading  or 
reflexed,  and  often  deciduous  before  the  fruit  ripens ;  the  flesh  is  thin,  pale  yeUow,  dry,  and  mealy. 
The  five  nutlets  are  thin,  rounded,  and  irregularly  ridged  on  the  back,  and  about  a  quarter  of  an  inch 
in  length. 

Cratatgus  Canadensis  inhabit  limestone  ridges  near  the  St.  Lawrence  River  at  Chateaugay, 
Caughnawaga,  and  La  Tori,ue,  in  the  Province  of  Quebec,  where  it  was  found  in  October,  1899,  by  Mr. 
J.  G.  Jack. 


If 


;r! 


1^ 


'■m 


EXPLANATION  OF  THE  PLATE. 


PLATB    DCLXIL      CKATJCOUB  CAJfADEXBU. 

1.  A  flowering  branch,  natunl  tiie. 

2.  Vertical  Mction  of  a  flower,  enlarged. 

3.  A  calyi-lobe,  enlarged. 

4.  A  fruiting  branch,  natural  tiu. 

6.  Vertical  aection  of  a  fruit,  natural  eiu. 
6.  Croei  Mctiou  of  a  fruit,  natural  liu. 


'): 


\ 


5) 


^ 


CRATjtGli 


-.DEN  Si:--. 


I   Ut! 


M' 


I  ! 


l| 


I 


\ 


EXPI.ANATHiN   OK    rilK    I'lJlTE. 

PlATK    IH'LXIl.      C'haT.KOUII   C'ANADCMUt, 

1.  A  fluwtno);  brkriih,  nalanl  tiun. 

2.  Vertical  iMtiuii  of  a  flowar,  •nUrgad. 

3.  A  e&lyi-lubv,  «iiliir)(«l. 

4.  A  (ruitin);  liranrli,  natural  liu. 

fi.  Veirtical  Mrtitxi  nf  a  fruit,  natural  liu. 
A.  Cro«  wctiuu  uf  a  fruit,  natural  aix*. 


I'Jf 


ik 

.ft 

1 

1 

A 

m 

1" 

wKm 

'       *l 

u 

J  1 

11 

ii 

ilvi  of  Noi'Ui  Am»ric*. 


Ub.DCLXll. 


\JU/^2^^ 


.i'/iiCtf'J  Mi. 


^ 


Jfa^uiA 


CRAT/EGUS    CANADENSIS    -laro-, 

O 


./  /Uf^Jfttti.!-   Utrei. 


T'*tp  .TTari^tr  P.-jrw 


» 


\m 


'm 


i 


V 


BUtUCU 


Si 
nnd  cui 


A 

(liametei 
beud. 
unarmed 
when  til 
and  ash, 
oval,  aci 
unequal! 
with  lin 
of  Marcl 
and  at  n 
surface, 
midribs, 
upper  si 
or  le88  \ 
quarters 
viilose,  £ 
inches 
glanduh 
in  dial 
clotheH  t 
or  lane 
ohconic, 
serrate, 
There  a 
surrounc 
iind  hui 
long;  t! 
and  p(M> 
obscurul 
Cr 
Coiiinibi 
Bcriand 
the  colb 


and  350). 


ROttACKil. 


aiLVA   OF  NOHTU  AMERICA. 


ORATiBOUS  BERLANDIERI. 
Brnm. 

Stamens  20 ;  anthers  yellow.     Leaves  oblong-oboratc  to  oral,  gradually  narrowed 
and  cunuate  below,  thin,  dark  green,  and  luHtrous. 

OratMgua  Barlandlarl,  Skrgtnt,  Bot.  OoMtiNt,  ixxi.  230  (1001). 

A  tree,  from  fifteen  to  twenty  feet  in  height,  with  a  tall  straight  *tem  eight  or  ten  inches  in 
diameter  covered  with  thin  dark  brown  furrowed  bark,  and  spreading  branches  forming  a  broad  open 
lieiul.  The  branchleta  are  slender,  slightly  zigzag,  marked  by  occusional  oblong  dark  lenticels,  and 
unarmed,  or  armed  with  few  straight  gray  spines  about  nn  inch  in  length  ;  coated  with  hoary  tomentum 
when  they  first  appear,  they  become  puherulous,  dull  reddish  brown  or  yellow-brown  by  midsummer, 
uiid  ashy  gray  late  in  the  autumn  or  during  the  following  season.  The  leaves  are  oblong-obovate  or 
oval,  acute  or  acuminate  at  the  apex,  and  gradually  narrowed,  cuneate  and  entire  below  the  middle, 
iinequally  divided  above  into  numerous  acute  or  acuminate  lobes,  and  coarsely  and  often  doubly  serrate, 
with  broad  straight  or  incurved  gland-tipfjcd  teeth ;  when  the  flowers  o|)en  from  the  middle  to  the  end 
of  March  they  are  coated  above  with  short  pale  caducous  hairs,  and  below  with  thick  hoary  tomentum  ; 
and  at  maturity  they  are  thin  but  firm  in  texture,  glabrous,  dark  green,  and  very  lustrous  on  the  up])er 
surface,  pale  and  pubescent  below,  and  usually  about  three  inches  long  and  two  inches  wide,  with  slender 
midribs,  remote  primary  veins  extending  to  the  points  of  the  lobes  and  only  sUghtly  impresHud  on  the 
upper  side,  conspicuous  secondary  veins,  and  reticulate  veinlets ;  they  are  borne  on  stout  petioles  more 
or  less  winged  toward  the  apex,  toroentose  at  first  but  finally  pubescent,  and  from  one  half  to  three 
quarters  of  an  inch  in  length.  The  stipules  are  falcate,  long-pointed,  entire  or  finely  glandular-serrate, 
viilose,  and  about  a  quarter  of  an  inch  long.  On  vigorous  leading  shoots  the  leaves  are  often  five 
inches  long  and  three  inches  wide,  mth  rounded  or  acute  lobes,  and  foliaceous,  lunate,  coarsely 
giaiidular^entate  stipules  frequently  half  an  inch  in  length.  The  flowers  are  three  quarters  of  an  inch 
in  diameter,  and  are  produced  on  stout  elongated  pedicels  covereu  with  hoary  tomentum,  which  also 
clothes  the  stout  lax  branches  of  the  broad  loose  many-flowered  compound  corymbs,  with  oblong-obovate 
or  lanceolate  finely  gkndular-serrate  viilose  conspicuous  bracts  and  bractlets.  The  calyx-tube  is  broadly 
ohvonic,  covered  with  thick  pale  tomentum,  and  the  lobes  are  broad,  acute,  very  coarsely  glandular- 
serrate,  tomentose  on  the  outer  surface,  viilose  on  the  inner  surface,  and  reflexed  after  the  flowers  open. 
There  are  twenty  stamens  with  slender  elongated  filaments  and  small  yellow  anthers,  and  five  styles 
surrounded  at  the  base  by  tufts  of  white  hairs.  The  fruit,  which  ripens  after  the  middle  of  October 
and  hangs  in  loose  drooping  clusters,  is  short-oblong  to  subglobose,  scarlet,  and  about  half  an  inch 
long ;  the  calyx-cavity  is  deep  and  broad,  and  the  much  enlarged  lobes  are  coarsely  serrate,  viilose,  erect, 
and  persistent ;  the  flesh  is  thin,  yellow,  dry,  and  mealy.  The  five  nutlets  are  rounded  and  occasionally 
obscurely  grooved  on  the  back,  and  about  a  quarter  of  an  inch  long. 

CratceguH  Berlandieri  inhabits  low  rich  woods  on  the  bottom-lands  of  the  Brazos  River  near 
Columbia  and  Brazoria,  Texas,  where  it  is  not  common  and  where  it  wos  first  collected '  in  1828  by 
Beriandier,^  whose  specimens  of  this  handsome  tree  were  usually  referred  to  Crnto'gus  tomentosa  until 
the  collections  made  by  Mr.  B.  F.  Bush^  in  1899  and  1900  showed  its  true  characters. 


:':l 


'  Ai  ahown  by  BerUndier'i  iiMoiineiu  io  H<rb.  Gmjr  (Not.  267 
•nd  386). 


'  See  i.  82. 
•  See  vii.  110. 


m 


I 


Mi 


i~  1 11 


EXPLANATION  OF  THE  PLATE. 


PlATR   DCLXIII.      ClUT^aUS   BEHLilNDIKBI. 

1.  A  flowering  branch,  natural  iice. 

2.  Vertical  section  of  a  flower,  enlarged. 

3.  A  calyx-lobe,  enlarged. 

4.  A  fruiting  branch,  natural  aiie. 

C.  Vertical  tection  of     fruit,  natural  the, 
0.  CroM  Election  of  a  fruit,  natural  aize. 

7.  A  nutlet,  aide  view,  enlarged. 

8.  A  nutlet,  rear  view,  enlarged. 


.^':^ 


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IV: 


SilM 


KXPLAXATION  OF  THE  PLATE. 

PuitK    DCLXJII        CBAT*«i™   ItERLANOrEKI. 

1.  A  rtowi-rmg  hraiicli.  nktural  siw, 

2.  Vrrtir&l  «i«iijfr.  i\i  a  Hower,  etUarg«<t. 

3.  A  c&tyx4otw.  Milwi^. 

4.  A  rruitjni;  t-nu!t;li.  natural  die. 

o.  Vi«rtic»l  jHw-cirtii  of  I  fruit,  natural  «iie. 

•>  C'ru«  •ftrtitiii  of  »  (niil,  naliinU  »h«. 

7  A  uol'r!      i*!'  vi.-w,  pnUr)!ml. 

8.  A  OK  .V.  rnlargfd. 


i   ;!;m 


111 


nit 


iiii^r  I  I  ciMH>iWlMliWW 


Silva  of  V.O'^i-i  America 


Tab.DCLXni. 


^  D  0 


'  E  Fa^tjn  d^ 


fiofine.  J€>. 


CRAT/EGUS  BERLANDIERI    Sar£ 


\\X 


\     ; 


A  .Hli-\^0tut-  .A-AT  ' 


Imfi  J  Tumour  }\iru 


1    :? 


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ROtiAC£ili 


Crateegvu 
454.- 

A  t 
dark  cIoe 
irregular 
are  slend 
straight 
dark  brc 
growing 
ovate,  ac 
truncate 
above  tlu 
with  sbo 
grown  w 
and  fron 
on  the  11 
stout  lig 
veinlets ; 
tomentos 
The  stip 
ine!i  and 
on  elong 
or  oblon 
calyx-tul 
narrowef 
and  reflt 
styles  Bu 
uciober, 
and  torn 
tlie  ends 
three  qu 
glandula 
the  ripe 
slightly 

Cn 
distingii 


R06AC£^ 


SILVA   OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


98 


CR41-<EaUe  TEX^^NA, 


Soarlet  Eaw. 


Stamens  20;  ant! ' .  s  dark  red.     Leaves  broadly  ovate,  cuneate  at  the  base. 


Crataegus    Texana,    Buckley,   Fron.    Phil.    Acad.  1861, 
454.  —Sargent,  Bot.  QaxtHt,  xxxi.  225. 


Crateegtia  moUis,  Gray,  Proc.  Phil.  Aead.  1862,  163  (not 
Sclieele).  —  Sargent,  SUva  N.  Am.  iv.  99  (in  part). 


A  tree,  often  thirty  feet  in  height,  with  a  tall  trunk  sometimes  a  foot  in  diameter  covered  with 
dark  closely  appressed  scales,  and  thick  branches  which  ascending  while  the  tree  is  young  form  an  open 
irregular  crown  and  spread  in  old  age  into  a  broad  symmetrical  round-topped  head.  The  branchlets 
are  slender,  slightly  zigzag,  marked  by  large  oblong  pale  lenticels,  and  armed  with  occasional  thin  nearly 
straight  bright  chestnut-brown  lustrous  spines  usually  about  two  inches  in  length,  or  often  unarmed ; 
dark  bronze  green  and  villose  when  they  first  appear,  they  soon  become  dull  reddish  brown,  and, 
growing  lighteiMiolored  in  their  second  season,  are  ultimately  pale  ashy  gray.  The  leaves  are  broadly 
ovate,  acute  or  rarely  rounded  at  the  apex,  broadly  concave-cuneate  or  on  leading  shoots  sometimes 
truncate  or  slightly  cordate  at  the  entire  buue,  coarsely  and  doubly  glandulai'-serrate,.  and  usually  divided 
above  the  middle  into  four  or  five  pairs  of  wide  acute  lobes  ;  when  they  unfold  they  are  covered  above 
with  short  soft  pale  hairs,  and  below  with  a  thick  coat  of  hoary  tomentimi,  and  are  more  than  half 
grown  when  the  flowers  open  late  in  March ;  at  maturity  they  are  from  three  to  four  inches  long 
and  from  two  and  a  half  to  three  inches  wide,  thick  and  firm  iu  texture,  dark  green  and  lustrous 
on  the  upper  surface,  pale  and  pubescent  or  tomentose  on  the  lower  surface,  particularly  along  the 
stout  light-colored  midribs  and  primary  veins  and  on  the  [Ti/miient  .seconilary  veins  and  reticulate 
veinlets ;  they  are  borne  on  stout  deeply  gfrooved  petioles  whioL  sum  more  or  less  winded  above,  at  first 
tomentose  but  ultimately  nearly  glabrous,  and  from  one  half  to  three  quarter.'!  of  an  inch  in  length. 
The  stipules  are  lunatt-,  b.[  i<'alate,  often  stalked,  coarsely  serrate,  and  from  nu  ini'li  and  a  quarter  to  an 
inc'u  and  a  half  in  length.  The  flowers  are  three  quarters  of  iin  inch  in  diameter,  and  are  produced 
oil  elong; '  i  -"lender  pedifil-;,  in  broad  open  many-flowered  compound  tomentose  corymbs,  with  oblong 
or  oblong-obovjitp,  broa''  ncnte  villose  conspicuous  bracts  and  bractlets  often  lull!  an  inch  long.  The 
calyx-tube  is  L.r  uj  oh  onic  and  coateil  with  pale  tomentum,  and  the  li)bes  are  foliacc'ius.  gradually 
narrowed  '  .  broad  'jr.ses,  acuminate,  coarsely  glandulj.r-serrate,  viUoije,  with  long  matted  pale  hairs, 
and  reflexetl  rfter  the  flowers  open.  There  are  twenty  stamens  with  large  dark  i?A  anthers,  and  five 
styles  surrouni  t.i  at  the  h^se  by  a  arrow  ring  of  pale  tomentum.  The  +viiit  ripens  toward  the  end  of 
uciober,  and  i»  bo-no  n  drooping  many-fruited  tomentose  ultimateb  glabrous  clu-^ters;  pear-shaped 
and  tomentose  untu  nearly  grown,  when  fully  ripe  it  is  short-oblong  oi-  slightly  obovate,  rounded  at 
the  ends,  briglit  scarlet,  marked  by  occasional  large  pale  dots,  puberulous  towfird  the  apex,  and  from 
three  quarters  of  an  inch  to  an  inch  in  length,  with  a  broad  deep  calyx-cavity  and  much  enlarged 
glandular-serrate  usually  erect  lobes  dark  red  at  the  base  on  the  upper  side,  an*'  often  deciduous  before 
the  ripening  of  the  fruit ;  the  flesh  is  thick,  yfdlow,  sweet,  and  ediole.  The  five  nutlets  are  thick, 
slightly  gioov^'d  on  the  baak,  and  from  one  quarter  to  one  third  of  an  ini  h  in  length. 

Crafagus  Texnna  inhabits  rich  bottom-lands  in  central  and  \.'i  oU;ru  Texas,  where  it  was  first 
distingniished  by  Mr.  S.  B.  Buckley.' 


V\  ■■  !  5 


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I.  ii 


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■M\ 


EXPLANATION  OF  THE  PLATE. 

Plate  DCLXIV.    Cbat^ois  Tkxana. 

1.  A  flowering  branch,  natural  size. 

2.  Vertical  section  of  a  flower,  enlarged. 
•i.  A  caljrx-lohe,  enlargeU. 

4.  A  fruiting  branch,  nctural  size. 

5.  Vertical  sertion  of  a  fniit,  natural  rize. 

6.  Cross  section  of  a  fruit,  natural  siio. 

7.  A  nutlet,  side  riew,  enlarged. 

8.  A  nutlet,  rear  view,  enlarged. 


IP" 


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KXPI^NATION   OK  THE   PLATK. 

Pl^T»  DC'LXIV.     C'HATiMd'a  Tkjlama. 

t.  A  floworioif  bnutrb,  natural  lite. 

3    Vrrtit^a)  Mrtioa  »(  *  flower.  enUu^sd. 

;'    A  ralji-liit*,  enUr^^ 

4.  A  fniitinp  >intm<h.  imtiiral  aiie 

6.   V«rltr«l  iwrtjon  of  «  fniit,  iiatnral  liza. 

6.  CroH  M<rtit>n  (if  «  fruit,  iMtun)  aiis. 

7.  A  nutlet,  nde  virw.  «ular|,'«tl. 

8.  A  imtUt.  rear  view,  «iiUr|{Mi. 


Silva  of  North  America 


T»t.  DCLXIV 


(eF.i.r,m  dtl 


TRAT/EGUS   TEXANA.Buckl 


A  Hwcretiu   iiirt\t 


Imp  J  Taneur  Paruf 


Raptru  j-c 


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ill 


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i 


HOHAOBJ 


St. 
Urcen  i 

Crattegu 
iTiii.  I 

A 

branchlc 
six  t<)  ei{ 
uf  the  ti 
of  old  ti 
by  man} 
Hpiiies  u 
hoary  to 
and  nith 
obovate 
abruptly 
they  are 
pale  hail 
shining 
above,  j) 
broad,  w 
upper  Bi< 
inch  Ion 
shoots  t 
three  or 
lunate 
The  tl(. 
grown, 
broad  i 
glanduh 
tube  is 
glanduh 
stamens 
base  by 
few-frui 
rounded 
by  nuini 
a  broad 
dry,  anc 
the  bad 
Cr 
it  g;row( 


HOHACUI. 


SILVA    OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


ORAT^OUS  QUEROINA. 

H»w. 

Stamenh  20 ;  iinthers  dark  red.     Leaves  oval  to  obovate,  membranaceous,  dark 
green  and  lustrous  above,  cancscent  below. 


CraUBgua  quarolna,  Aihe,  Jour.  JClitha  MitcMl  Sci.  Soe. 
iTiii.  pt.  i.  27  (1902). 


CraUbjua  Columbian*,  Swgant,  Boi.  OoMetie, 
(not  Ho.r«ll)  (1901). 


229 


A  tree,  remarkable  in  early  spring  (or  the  lustre  of  the  white  coating  of  tomentum  on  the 
bronchiets  and  under  side  of  the  leaves,  occasionally  twenty-five  feet  in  height,  with  a  tall  trunk  from 
six  to  eight  inches  in  diameter,  and  ascending  branches  which  form  a  broad  symmetrical  head.  The  bark 
uf  the  trunk,  which  is  light  gray  and  broken  into  small  closely  appressed  scales,  becomes  near  the  base 
of  old  trees  deeply  furrowed  and  nearly  black.  The  branchlets  are  slender,  somewhat  zigzag,  marked 
by  many  small  lenticels,  and  armed  with  numerous  straight  or  slightly  curved  chestnut-brown  lustrous 
Hpiiies  usually  from  an  inch  to  an  inch  and  a  quarter  in  length ;  coated  when  they  Rrst  appear  with 
hoary  tomentum,  they  become  light  red-brown  and  i  lore  or  less  villose  during  their  first  season,  glabrous 
and  nithe.'  darker  in  their  second  year,  and  ultimately  pale  ashy  gray.  The  leaves  vary  from  oval  to 
obovate  and  are  usually  acute  or  occasionally  rounded  at  the  apex,  full  and  rounded  and  gradually  or 
iibruptly  narrowed  to  the  entire  base,  and  irregularly  doubly  serrate  above,  with  slender  glandular  teeth  ; 
tliey  lire  conspicuously  plicate  when  they  unfold,  and  the  upper  surface,  which  is  coated  with  long  soft 
pale  liiiirs,  is  then  often  dark  red  and  the  lower  surface  is  covered  with  a  thick  coat  of  silvery  white 
shining  tomentum ;  and  at  maturity  they  are  thin  but  firm  iu  texture,  dark  green,  lustrous  and  scabrous 
above,  pale  and  pubescent  or  tomentose  below,  and  from  two  inches  to  two  inches  and  a  half  long  and 
broad,  with  slender  midribs  and  four  or  five  pairs  of  thin  primary  veins  only  slightly  impressed  on  the 
upper  side  and  conspicuous  reticulate  veinlets ;  they  are  borne  on  stout  tomentose  petioles  about  half  an 
inch  long,  and  their  stipules  are  narrow,  falcate,  acumiiuite,  and  finely  glandular-serrate.  On  leading 
shouts  the  leaves  are  broadly  ovato  or  oblong^val,  full  and  rounded  at  the  base,  somewhat  divided  into 
three  or  four  pairs  of  short  acute  lobes,  and  frequently  four  inches  long  and  broad,  with  foliaceous 
lunate  coarsely  glundiilur-dentate  stipitate  stipules  frequently  three  quarters  of  an  inch  in  length. 
Tiie  flowers  open  from  the  middle  to  the  end  of  March  when  the  leaves  are  only  about  one  third 
grown,  and  are  three  quarters  of  an  inch  in  diameter ;  they  are  produced  on  long  slender  pedicels,  in 
broad  niany-flowered  thin-branched  lax  corymbs  covered  with  hoary  tomentum,  with  oblong-obovate 
glandular-serrate  villose  bracts  and  bractlets  acute  or  rounded  and  upiculate  at  the  apex.  The  calyx- 
tube  is  narrowly  obconic  and  coated  with  hoary  tomentum,  and  the  lobes  are  short,  acute,  coarsely 
glandular-serrate,  tomentose  on  both  surfaces,  and  reflexed  after  the  flowers  open.  There  are  twenty 
stamens  with  slender  elongated  filaments  and  small  dark  red  anthers,  and  five  styles  surrounded  at  the 
base  by  tufts  of  long  snow-white  hairs.  The  fruit  ripens  after  the  middle  of  October  and  hangs  in 
few-fruited  tomentose  spreading  clusters ;  it  is  subglobose  but  often  rather  longer  than  broad,  full  and 
rounded  at  the  ends,  tomentose  until  nearly  fully  grown  but  glabrous  at  maturity,  dark  red,  marked 
by  numerous  large  pale  dots,  and  about  one  half  of  an  inch  in  diameter  ;  the  calyx  is  prominent,  with 
a  broad  deep  cavity  and  short  spreading  often  deciduous  lobes ;  the  flesh  is  thin,  light  yellow,  hard,  and 
dry,  and  generally  shrivels  before  the  fruit  falls.  The  five  nutlets  are  rounded  ond  usually  ridged  on 
the  back,  and  about  a  quarter  of  an  inch  long. 

CrattpguH  (juercina  inhabits  the  sandy  bottom-lands  of  the  Brazos  River  at  Columbia,  Texas,  where 
it  grows  iit  open  Live  Oak  forests  and  where  it  was  discovered  in  November,  1899,  by  Mr.  B.  F.  Bush. 


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IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


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Photographic 

Sciences 
Corporation 


23  WIST  MAIN  STRUT 

WnSTIR,N.Y.  MSM 

(716)  872-4503 


'<^V 


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\ 


EXPLANATION  OP  THE  PLATE. 

Platb  DCLXV.    Cbatxqvs  QonciNA. 

1.  A  Bowering  bnneb,  natural  me. 

2.  Vertical  section  of  a  flower,  enlarged. 

3.  A  calyz-lobe,  enlarged. 

4.  A  fmiting  branch,  nataral  site. 

5.  Cross  section  o(  a  fruit,  natural  site. 

6.  Vertical  section  of  a  fruit,  natural  sit*. 

7.  A  nutlet,  side  view,  enlarged. 

8.  A  nutlet,  rear  view,  enlarged. 


VI  jf  NciHli   America. 


T»b   DC. '.XV 


!'! 


:|  ■» 


i 


*.»*»/»l  <1&l/ 


CRAT>?- 


ERCINA 


>  JftvorMi.r*  (iir^r  ^ 


EXPLAXAflON   <>!•    !HK   I'LATE. 


Pmtk  W^LXV.    CiuiJMK'*  vKicacuiA. 
t     A  Muiroru^  ttruwh   r.Misni  (iir. 
'i    Vnrtirkl  iiHii  in  «{  »  rt<t»»r  vniargcd. 
3    A  f»Iy»4i»lw,  i-nkrfrr<t 
i,  A  fniilinc  hrsv.ot.,  >iu«iT*i  »i»» 
(i    Crww  iKj«Ut>n  i-l  *  frsK,  itatgrni  aiie. 
6   Vntvai  (MtWo  of  «  ff^ii.  mtantt  mm, 

7.  A  nutj«l.  ■aii#  xiwn.  iiaWr|«J- 

8.  A  nstlvt,  roar  ti«i«   MtlMinvt 


Si'va  of  T^orlh   America, 


C  S  Faatm  li**/ 


CRATAEGUS   QUERCINA,Ashe 


Tab  DCLXV, 


A  Rwcrmuv^  (ilfz-Ar  ■ 


Inif'. ./.  TnnAn.r.  Faru: 


£art^zu4i  .'£s. 


! 


1 

1 

f      !•' 

.' 

II 

Hb- 

I 

II 

M!     , 

bI^^V 

f  IBCl 

Wm-     -^ 

I^B      '  i 

B^^B- 

* 

9 

1 

■ 

BOeACR*. 


aiLYA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


97 


ORAT^OUS  PYBIFORMIS. 
Haw. 

Stamens  20 ;  anthers  pale  rose  color.  Leaves  oval  to  broadly  ovate,  cuneate  at 
the  base. 

Orataagiui  pyrUormU,  Britton,  BvU.  N.  Y.  Sot.  Oard.  i.  449  (1900)  ;  Man.  522. 

A  troe,  twenty-five  or  thirty  feet  in  height,  with  a  trunk  a  foot  in  diameter  covered  with  thick  dark 
scaly  bark,  and  spreading  branches  forming  a  broad  symmetrical  head.  The  branchlets  are  slender, 
somewhat  ugzag  marked  by  small  oblong  pale  lenticels,  and  armed  with  occasional  thin  nearly  straight 
bright  chestnut-brown  lustrous  spines  usually  about  an  inch  and  a  half  in  length;  light  green  and 
villose  when  they  first  appear,  with  long  matted  pale  hairs,  they  ai«  dull  red-brown  and  pubescent  in 
their  first  summer,  light  brown  and  glabrous  the  following  year,  and  ultimately  ashy  gray.  The  leaves 
are  oval  or  broadly  ovate,  acut»  and  often  short-pointed  at  the  apex,  gradually  narrowed  and  concave- 
cuneate  at  the  entire  base,  sharply  and  sometimes  doubly  serrate  above,  with  straight  glandular  teeth, 
and  often  slightly  and  irregularly  lobed  above  the  middle ;  when  the  flowers  open  about  the  tenth  of 
May  they  are  fully  grown  and  membranaceous,  light  yellow-green,  roughened  on  the  upper  surface  by 
short  rigid  pale  hairs  and  pubescent  on  the  lower  surface,  particularly  along  the  slender  midribs  and  five 
or  six  pairs  of  remote  primary  veins ;  and  at  maturity  they  are  thin  and  firm,  lustrous  and  scabrous  on 
the  upper  surface,  pale  and  pubescent  on  the  lower  surface,  and  generally  about  three  inches  long  and 
two  inches  wide ;  they  are  borne  on  slender  grooved  tomentose  ultimately  pubescent  petioles  broadened  at 
the  apex  by  the  decurrent  bases  of  the  leaf-blades,  and  from  an  inch  to  an  inch  and  a  quarter  in  length. 
The  stipules  are  minute,  linear-lanceolate,  bright  red,  and  caducous.  On  vigorous  leading  shoots  the 
leaves  are  usually  ovate,  coarsely  serrate,  more  deeply  lobed  than  the  leaves  of  fertile  branchlets,  and 
frequettly  four  or  five  inches  long  and  three  or  four  inches  wide,  with  foliaceous  lunate  acuminate 
villose  coarsely  serrate  stipules  sometimes  half  an  inch  long.  The  flowers  are  an  inch  in  diamptar,  and 
are  produced  on  elongated  slender  tomentose  pedicels,  in  broad  compound  many-flowered  lax  corymbs, 
with  linear-lanceolate  or  oblanceolate  glandulai^serrate  elongated  caducous  bracts  and  bractlets.  The 
calyx-tube  is  narrowly  obconic  and  villose,  and  the  lobes  are  narrow,  acuminate,  glandular-serrate,  and 
more  or  less  villose.  There  are  twenty  stamens  with  pale  rose-colored  anthers,  and  four  or  usually  five 
styles  surrounded  at  the  base  by  a  broad  ring  of  white  tomentum.  The  fruit  ripens  in  October,  and 
hangs  on  long  slender  pubescent  pedicels,  in  drooping  few-fruited  clusters;  it  is  obovate,  full  and 
rounded  at  the  ends,  bright  cherry-red,  lustrous,  marked  by  occasional  large  pale  dots,  and  about  five 
eighths  of  an  inch  long  and  one  half  of  an  inch  wide ;  the  calyx  is  prominent,  with  a  broad  shallow 
cavity,  and  linear  glandular-serrate  closely  appressed  lobes  often  deciduous  before  the  fruit  ripens ;  the 
flesh  is  thin,  light  yellow,  and  juicy.  The  four  or  usually  five  nutlets  are  deeply  divided  along  the  back 
into  two  rounded  ridges,  dark  brown,  and  five  eighths  of  an  inch  in  length. 

Cratagus  pyriformis  grows  on  the  rich  bottom-lands  of  stre  -.ms  in  Ripley  County,  southeastern 
Missouri,  where  it  was  discovered  near  Monteer  in  August,  1899,  by  Mr.  B.  F.  Bush. 


I: 


EXPLANATION  OP  THE  PLATE. 


PlATC   DCLXVL      CBAT.JCOUR   PYBirOBJflS. 

1.  A  flowering  branch,  iwtoral  (Ut. 

2.  Vertical  uction  of  a  flower,  enlarged. 

3.  A  calyx-lobe,  enlarged. 

4.  A  fruiting  branch,  natural  size. 

6.  Vertical  section  of  a  fruit,  natural  size. 

6.  Cross  section  of  a  fruit,  natural  sizr. 

7.  A  nutlet,  side  viow,  enlarged. 

8.  A  nutlet,  r<Mkr  vie  r,  enlarged. 


if  North  Amencd 


CRA- 


A  fii4Hy*tu^  ifi^fit  • 


I 

i, 
I''    I 


t: 


I 


■■  > 


EXT'I.ANATinS   OF  THK   HLATK 

Pi-ATW    Dt'LXVl.      ('rat  K.il*    rVHIKOHUI*. 

1.  A  flii«<>nn||  brkn'h,  .tstural  r>'ae. 

2.  Vintiral  iwrtiuii  uf  «  H<>w«r,  miUrgcil. 
X  A  ralvi-lulw.  VI  Uryetl. 

4,  A  frmtihK  I>r«ml4.  caturkl  (ite. 

r>    V«rur«l  wrtiun  •>(  »  fruit,  natural  niie. 

5.  OoM  MKUon  i;l  %  Iruit.  nataral  aiu. 
7.  A  antM,  »»d«  vww.  •i.Iitui'I. 

R.   4  natUt.  rv«r  *ii>«r.  MiUrKiMl. 


i  '-f 


Silva  of  North  Amenc* 


Tab  DCI.XVI 


''  K  Fa.rvn  dst 


ZoftitUii.    JC 


CRATiCGUS    PYRlFORMIS.Bntt 


A  HiOCTMiJ'  t/u^Kz- ' 


imp  J  Tane4ir.  Paris 


' 


\- 


It 

I' ' 
Vi:\ 


li 


i 


■J  I 


KOHACIA 


aiLVA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


W 


ORATiBOnS  00RU80A. 
Haw. 
Stamens  20 ;  anthers  palo  pink.    Leaves  ovate,  firm,  bright,  and  shining. 

OratMgua  ooruaoa,  Swpnt,  Bot.  Oautli,  isxili.  117  (1002). 

A  tree,  eightMD  or  twenty  feet  in  height,  with  a  tall  trunk  eight  or  ten  inches  in  diameter,  and 
wide^preading  branohea  which  form  a  handsome  symmetrical  head.  The  bark  of  the  trunk  is  thin, 
light  gray-brown,  and  broken  into  small  closely  appressed  scales.  The  branchlets  are  stout,  marked  by 
numerous  small  white  lenticels,  and  armed  with  thick  nearly  straight  bright  chestnut-brown  spines  often 
three  inches  in  length ;  dark  green  and  coated  with  matted  pale  hairs  when  they  flrst  appear,  during 
their  first  summer  they  become  bright  red-brown,  and  in  their  second  year  light  orange-brown  and  very 
lustrous.  The  leaves  are  ovate,  acute,  truncate,  rounded  or  slightly  cordate  at  the  broad  base,  regularly 
divided  into  four  or  five  pain  of  short  acute  Literal  lobes,  and  doubly  serrate,  with  straight  slender 
glanduUr  teeth  ;  in  early  spring  they  are  covered  on  the  upper  surface  with  short  soft  pale  hairs  and 
are  glabrous  on  the  lower  surface,  and  at  maturity,  although  thin,  they  are  firm  and  rigid  in  texture, 
glabrous,  dark  yellow-green  and  very  bright  and  shining  above,  pale  yellow-green  below,  and  from 
two  inches  to  two  inches  and  a  half  long  and  wide,  with  slender  pale  midribs  and  primary  veins  only 
slightly  impressed  on  the  upper  side ;  they  are  borne  on  slender,  nearly  terete,  slightly  grooved  petioles 
which,  villose  at  first,  soon  become  glabrous  and  dark  red  below  the  middle,  and  are  from  one  inch  and 
a  half  to  two  inches  and  a  half  in  length.  The  stipules  are  narrowly  obovate,  acute,  and  coarsely 
glanduhu^serrate.  On  vigorous  leading  shoots  the  leaves  are  frequently  divided  into  narrow  acute 
lobes,  and  are  from  three  and  a  half  to  four  inches  long  and  wide,  with  lunate  coarsely  dentate 
stipules  from  one  half  to  three  quarten  of  an  inch  broad.  The  flowers,  which  are  three  quarters  of  an 
inch  in  diameter,  open  about  the  middle  of  May  and  are  borne  iu  compact  rather  narrow  compound 
many-flowered  corymbs  covered  with  matted  pale  hairs,  and  furnished  with  linear-lanceolate  or  narrowly 
obovate  glandular-serrate  bracts  and  bractlets.  The  calyx-tube  in  broadly  obconic,  and  glabrous  or 
villose  below,  and  the  lobes,  which  are  gradually  narrowed  from  broad  bases,  are  acute,  coarsely 
glandular-serrate,  and  villose  on  the  inner  surface.  There  are  twenty  stamens  with  small  pale  pink 
anthers,  and  four  or  five  styles.  The  fruit  begins  to  ripen  and  fall  about  the  twentieth  of  September, 
and  continues  to  fall  until  the  end  of  October ;  it  is  borne  in  glabrous  drooping  few-fruited  clusters  on 
stout  pedicels  which  vary  from  three  quarters  of  an  inch  to  nearly  an  inch  in  length ;  it  is  oblong 
or  obovate,  bright  cherry-red,  lustrous,  marked  by  scattered  dark  dots,  from  five  eighths  to  three 
quarters  of  an  inch  in  length  and  from  one  half  to  five  eighths  of  an  inch  in  width ;  the  calyx-cavity  is 
deep  but  comparatively  narrow,  and  the  lobes  are  gradually  narrowed,  acute,  slightly  glandular^serrate, 
aud  usually  deciduous  before  the  fruit  ripens ;  the  flesh  is  thick,  yellow,  dry,  and  mealy.  The  four  or 
five  nutlets  are  dark-colored,  rounded  on  the  back,  and  a  quarter  of  an  inch  loug. 

CrataguB  corusca  inhabits  the  sandy  shores  of  Lake  Zurich  in  Lake  County,  Illinois,  where  it  was 
discovered  in  September,  1899,  by  Mr.  E.  J.  Hill.' 


>  ElUwortb  Jtnmt  Hill  (Deoembar  1,  1833)  wu  born  kt  Le 
Roj,  New  York,  »hare  bii  fatber,  t  desoandut  of  one  of  tbe  eolo- 
niitt  from  England  who  lettled  at  Guilford,  under  Nathaniel  Whit- 
field, had  moTed  from  Middleaex  Countjr,  Connecticut.  An  earl; 
lore  of  reading  induced  bia  parenta  to  allow  the  boy  to  attend  a 
Tillage  aoademj  during  tbe  winter  monthi  with  tbe  idea  of  bia 


becoming  a  teaoHer  ;  tbe  anmmera  were  apent  in  helping  bia  fatber 
in  farm  work.  In  order  to  secure  a  college  education  be  engaged 
in  teaching  while  atill  a  boy,  but  bia  health  breaking  down  he  waa 
obliged  to  reside  for  three  yeara  in  the  aonth,  and  it  waa  not  until 
1800  that  Mr.  Hill  entered  tbe  Union  Theological  Seminary  in  the 
city  of  New  York.    Graduating  three  years  later,  be  went  to  Illinoia 


100 


8ILVA   OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


ROSACEiB. 


Mid  •ngaged  in  putonl  work  in  tbe  Pnibytciua  Cbureh  until 
1869,  when  ill  health  oompelled  him  to  ntin.  Two  jnm  later  he 
beocme  a  teacher  again  until  1888,  when  he  foond  hinuelf  in  a  poai- 
tioD  to  deTota  hie  time  to  the  itudy  of  botany  in  which  he  had  baeu 
interaeted,  aa  well  ai  in  geology  and  other  natural  Mienoef,  linoe 
boyhood.  Hr.  Hill'i  botanical  work,  which  inoludei  the  oolleetioa 
of  a  large  herbarium  and  laluable  library,  ha*  been  carried  on 
chiefly  in  the  region  boidering  the  weeteru  ahorM  of  Lake  Michi- 


gan, etpooially  in  tbe  neighborhood  of  Chioago,  where  he  hu  resided 
for  MTeml  yearn.  He  ha*  pubiiahed  the  result*  of  these  studins  in 
many  paper*  communicated  to  the  Bulletin  ofth*  Torrtj/  Botanical 
Club,  Tk*  Botaniail  Gatttt;  Oardm  and  Font,  ITu  Nalttnliil,  and 
other  technical  journal*.  For  the  la*t  two  or  three  year*  Hr.  Hill 
ha*  been  particularly  intereated  in  the  genu*  Cratagus,  in  which  he 
has  di*coTered  a  number  of  new  and  interesting  forms. 


u  m 


EXPLANATIC.V  OF  THE  PLATE. 

Platk  DCLXVn.    CBATJtotn  ';uuoma. 

1.  A  Howering  branch,  natural  aiie. 

2.  Vertical  section  of  a  Bower,  enlarged. 

3.  A  calyx-lob«,  enlarged. 

4.  A  fruiting  branch,  natural  aiie. 

6.  Vertical  leetion  of  a  fruit,  natural  site. 

6.  CroM  eection  of  a  fruit,  natural  aiM. 

7.  A  nutlet,  aide  view,  cslarged. 


i! 


ROSACK*. 


i'jith  America 


.,vW^^ 


''^^-Wwv\,W^ 


v:^ 


^    > 


m 


<l/.rA    OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


mt  'WlfS^pwl  w  pmmaA  work  m  tb«  Pmibvteriaut  Cborrli  untii 

>4Mv  wA»«f>  ^  Mi^  lailf  iloil  te,M  to  rtttii^.     Two  v«ftn  Uter  h» 

¥ifmt^.  »  JiMMitfi^impiM  IMMii  IJI^  WkHitl  Iw  fuHIKl  bimWtlf  it!  A  IMAi 

o   f*«4i  u  tn  ((eologv  *o4  othyr  uiUurAt  wttwi****.  «i»eo 
';.M'^iw*^i      Ur  HiU'ii  botanical  work,  wbieh  )uul(t4««.<  vW  t'otltatftioit 

."  •:*   »*arfrf   ^jfrimriiim  ami   Vfthwble   tibrary.  l**'    =**^    fr»irtie4  on 


yau,  oniMiciaDy  in  tbe  neigbliurluHMl  of  Cbmago,  wh^F> 
for  Mvttfal  yaars.     Ifc  has  published  thv  r«'«ulu  ^f  tU^ 
many  papera  coinmunicate<i  to  the  Bulletin  ftf  tlut  V 
VUtb,  The  lioianical  Ua::ettf,  UartUn  on*/  h\>rvU,  7'ftf 
other  technical  jouruaU.     For  tbu  lust  two  ci  '.Mtt^-, 
has  t)cen  partioiilariy  inttreAtc^l  in  the  ^f'niirt  C^tw.^ 
baa  (Itjicovt^rud  a  nutubur  uf  nuw  aiiJ  iutorc»\i)i|^  (>',, 


KXPLANATION  OF  THE   PLATE. 


Plate  IKLXVIT.    CiuTjKj'm  cobusca. 

I .  A  flo«<!rif:)f  bruirh,  natural  siie. 

'»'  Vertical  mwtinn  of  a  flowpr.  t>iiUr(;cd. 

3  A  raljTi-ioh*,  B;ti«rg«l. 

4.  A  fniititiy  ^rafw^h.  •i^iiri»l  f»i/e. 

C.  Vertieal  «nti.Mi  i>i  it  fruit,  natural  sixe. 

6.  Criw*  MM-tion  »f  »  fruit,  nataral  aiza. 

7.  Aristli'    -1  i         "T.  enlarged. 


Silva  of  North  Amenca. 


Tab.DCLXVll. 


» 


'.V[*rfv"f  i£eJ 


Z.irUutd'  JO. 


CRAT/EGUS  CORUSCA    -.ar^. 


.1  JiiOi  /-riAr  >iirfkr  ^ 


Imp  ^T  Tan^urJ'iwuf 


\^ 


ROtjACE. 


St 
yellofl 

Oratar 
CraUeff 

Dmu 
Crater 

Man. 

A 

covered 
broad  1 
less  zi^ 
somewl 
length : 
orange- 
are  gla 
pale  on 


above, 
end  of 
on  the 
midribi 
pale  be 
half  w 
side  ai 
or  less 
toward 
and  ar 
vigoroi 
cordab 
lunate 
in  dian 
acute 
and  CO 
broad 
the  ou 
elonga 
by  a  n 
first  hi 
fruitec 
puben 
and  p 


ROSACEA 


aiLYA   OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


101 


ORAT^GUS  SUBM0LLI8. 
Red  Haw. 


Stamens  10;  anthers  pale  yellow, 
yellow-green. 

OratffigUB  submoUia,  Sargent,  Bot.  Oaxette,  xxxi.  7  (1901). 
CratsBgus  tomentosa,  Emerson,  Trees  Mass.  436  (not  Lin- 

n«u)  (1846)  ;  ed.  2,  ii.  194,  t 
Crateegua  ooooinea,  var.  molUo,  Watson  &  Coulter,  Qray't 

Man.  ed.  6,  166  (in  part)  (1890). 


Leaves  ovate,  acute,  membranaceous,  dark 


Orataegus  roolUs,  Sargent,  SUva  N.  Am.  iv.  99  (in  part),  t. 

182  (not  Soheele)  (1892).  —  Koehue,  Herb.  Dendr.  No. 

232. 
CrateBgus  ooooinea  subviUoBa,  Lange,  Rev.  Spec.  Gen. 

Cratixgi,  31,  f.  (not  Cratcegus  lubvillosa,  Torrey)  (1897). 


A  tree,  from  twenty  to  twenty-five  feet  in  height,  with  a  tall  trunk  occasionally  a  foot  in  diameter 
covered  with  light  gray-brown  scaly  bark,  and  ascending  or  spreading  ashy  gray  branches  forming  a 
broad  handsome  head ;  or  often  a  tall  intricately  branched  shrub.  The  branchleta  are  slender,  more  or 
less  zigzag,  marked  by  small  oblong  orange-colored  lenticels,  and  armed  with  numerous  thin  straight  or 
somewhat  curved  bright  chestnut-brown  shining  spines  from  two  inches  and  a  half  to  three  inches  in 
length ;  dark  green  and  coated  with  hoary  tomentum  when  they  first  appear,  they  become  light  or  dark 
orange-brown  by  midsummer,  when  they  are  still  slightly  tomentose,  and  during  their  first  autumn  they 
are  glabrous,  lustrous,  and  light  red-brown  or  dark  orange-brown ;  they  are  gray  tinged  with  green  or 
pale  orange-brown  during  their  second  summer,  and  finally  slowly  losing  their  lustre  turn  ashy  gray.  The 
leaves  are  ovate,  acute,  gradually  narrowed  and  cuneate  at  the  nearly  entire  base,  coarsely  doubly  serrate 
above,  with  straight  glandular  teeth,  and  divided  into  three  or  four  pairs  of  short  acute  lobes ;  at  the 
end  of  May  or  early  in  June  when  the  flowers  open  they  are  about  half  grown,  and  are  then  roughened 
on  the  upper  surface  by  short  stifF  pale  hairs  and  are  soft-pubescent  below,  particularly  along  the 
midribs  and  veins,  and  in  the  autumn  they  are  membranaceous,  dark  yellow-green  and  scabrous  above, 
pale  below,  from  three  incbos  to  three  inches  and  a  half  long  and  from  two  inches  to  two  inches  and  a 
half  wide,  with  thick  yellow  midribs  and  remote  primary  veins  only  slightly  impressed  on  the  upper 
side  and  puberulous  on  the  lower  side ;  they  are  borne  on  stout  nearly  terete  grooved  petioles  more 
or  less  winged  at  the  apex,  tomentose  when  they  first  appear,  puberulous  at  maturity,  often  bright  red 
toward  the  base,  and  from  one  to  two  inches  long.  The  stipules  vary  from  linear  to  narrowly  obovate 
and  are  acute,  glandular-serrate,  tomentose,  and  from  one  third  to  one  half  of  an  inch  in  length.  On 
vigorous  leading  shoots  the  leaves  are  broadly  ovate,  cuneate,  rounded,  truncate  or  occasionally  slightly 
cordate  at  the  base,  often  four  inches  long  and  from  three  inches  to  three  inches  and  a  half  wide,  with 
Innate  coarsely  glandular-dentate  stipules  frequently  nearly  an  inch  in  length.  The  flowers  are  an  inch 
in  diameter,  in  broad  many-flowered  thick-branched  tomentose  compound  corymbs,  with  narrowly  obovate 
acute  coarsely  glandular-serrate  tomentose  bracts  and  bractlets.  The  calyx-tube  is  narrowly  obconio 
and  covered  with  a  thick  coat  of  long  matted  white  hairs,  and  the  lobes  are  gradually  narrowed  from 
broad  bases  and  are  acute,  glandular,  with  large  red  stipitate  glands,  glabrous,  or  sometimes  villose  on 
the  outer  surface,  and  usually  spreading  when  the  flowers  open.  There  are  ten  stamens  with  slender 
elongated  filaments  and  small  pale  yellow  anthers,  and  from  three  to  five  styles  surrounded  at  the  base 
by  a  narrow  ring  of  long  white  hairs.  The  fruit,  which  ripens  and  falls  in  Massachusetts  during  the 
first  half  of  September,  hangs  on  elongated  slender  villose  pedicels,  in  broad  gracefully  drooping  many- 
fruited  clusters ;  it  is  pear-shaped,  bright  orange-red.  lustrous,  marked  by  large  scattered  pale  dots, 
puberulous  toward  the  base,  and  about  three  quarters  of  an  inch  long ;  the  calyx  is  much  enlarged, 
and  persistent,  with  a  broad  deep  cavity  and  erect  coarsely  glandular-serrate  lobes ;  the  flesh  is  yellow, 


! 


\  \l 


I  'i 


I 


108 


8ILVA   OF  NOETH  AMERICA. 


BOSACEiK, 


thin,  subacid,  diy,  and  mealy.    The  nutlets,  which  are  usually  five  in  number,  are  rounded  and  sliehtlv 
ridged  on  the  back,  and  about  a  third  of  an  inch  in  length. 

Cratagua  submollia  inhabits  rich  damp  hillsides  and  the  borders  of  woods  and  roads,  and  is  dis- 
tributed from  the  valley  of  the  St.  Lawrence  River,  where  it  has  been  found  near  Montreal  and  the  citv 
of  Quebec,  to  the  valley  of  the  Penobscot  River  and  Gerrish  Island,  Maine,  and  to  eastern  Massachusetts 
where,  although  widely  scattered  in  the  neighborhood  of  the  coast,  it  is  not  common.' 

>  It  wu  thii  ipMiu  whioh  *ppeut  H  Cralagiu  moUi$  on  pUta  onneato  Imtcs,  in  iU  ton  noi  tw*nt<r  it*  men*,  In  iU  mnoh  lew  downr 

eUxzU.  in  Um  foarth  Tolnm*  of  thii  work,  for  it  wu  then  tuppoeed  lauSltt  pear^hapad  fruit*  drooping  on  ilendar  pedicels,  and  in 

that  the  Haaaaohnaetia  tree  waa  if'Mt.oal  with  the  Cnlagus  moUis  th«  oolor  of  ita  branohleta.     Fignre  4  on  plat*  olmii.  repreienti 

of  the  HiaaiMippi  baain.    F'r.<io  that  ipaoiaa  it  i<  now  known  to  dif-  ona  of  the  subgloboa*  fniita  of  Cntag\a  moUtt. 
far  in  its  smallar  and  leaa  tomantoaa  mora  daepljr  lobad  and  uauallj 


J*;    ' 


R06ACE/B. 


aiLVA   OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


103 


ORAT^OUS  ABNOLDIANA. 


Scarlet  Haw. 


Stamens  10  ;  anthers  pale  yellow.    Leaves  ovate  or  rarely  oval,  thiu,  dark  green, 
and  lustrous. 

CraUegua  Arnoldlana,  Sargent,  Bot.  Oaxette,  zui.  221  (1901). 

A  tree,  from  fifteen  to  twenty  feet  in  height,  with  a  short  trunk  ten  or  twelve  inches  in  diameter, 
and  stout  ascendiiig  bianches  which  form  a  broad  open  irregular  head.  The  bark  of  young  stems  and 
l..rgfl  branches  is  thin,  smooth,  and  light  gray,  but  near  the  base  of  old  trunks  it  becomes  nearly  black 
a.^d  is  broken  icto  large  closely  appressed  thick  scales.  The  brancblets  are  slender,  very  zigzag,  and 
armed  with  many  stout  straight  or  slightly  curved  bright  chestnut-brown  shining  spines  which  vary  from 
two  inches  and  a  half  to  three  inches  in  length  and  retain  their  brilliancy  for  four  or  five  years ;  clothed 
with  long  matted  pale  hairs  when  they  first  appear  and  marked  by  numerous  large  oblong  pale  lenticels, 
the  brancblets  become  dark  orange-brown  and  very  lustrous  before  midsummer,  glabrous  or  puberulous 
during  their  first  Mrinter,  bright  orange-brown  or  gray-brown  during  their  second  season,  and  finally  ashy 
gray.  The  winter-buds  are  oblong,  gradually  narrowed  to  the  obtuse  apex,  bright  red  and  lustrous,  and 
about  three  sixteenths  of  an  inch  long.  The  leaves  are  broadly  ovate  or  rarely  oval,  acute  at  the  apex, 
irregularly  divided  above  the  middle  into  numerous  short  acute  lobes,  and  coarsely  doubly  serrate,  with 
straight  glandular  teeth  except  at  the  rounded  truncate  or  occasionally  cuneate  base ;  when  they  unfold 
they  are  coated  with  dense  matted  pale  hairs,  and  at  maturity  are  membranaceous,  smooth,  very  dark 
green  and  lustrous  on  the  upper  surface,  paler  on  the  lower  surface,  from  two  to  three  inches  long  and 
broad,  and  slightly  villose  on  the  under  side  of  the  slender  midribs  and  the  thin  although  prominent 
remote  primary  veins  which  extend  to  the  points  of  the  lobes  and  are  but  little  impressed  above ;  they 
are  borne  on  slender  nearly  terete  petioles  which  vary  from  three  quarters  of  an  inch  to  an  inch  and  a 
half  iu  length,  and  at  first  densely  villose  are  ultimately  puberulous.  The  stipules  are  linear,  coarsely 
glandular^errate,  often  an  inch  long,  and  caducous.  The  flowers,  which  are  three  quarters  of  an  inch 
in  diameter,  open  during  the  last  week  in  May  and  are  borne  on  slender  pedicels,  in  broad  compound 
many-flowered  thin-branched  tomentose  corymbs,  with  lanceolate  or  oblanceolate  coarsely  glandular-serrate 
bracts.  The  calyx-tube  is  broadly  obconic  and  densely  tomentose,  and  the  lobes  are  narrow,  elong;ated, 
acuminate,  glandular-serrate,  villose  on  both  surfaces,  and  reflexed  after  the  flowers  open.  There  are 
ten  stamens  with  slender  filaments  and  large  pale  yellow  anthers,  and  from  three  to  five  but  usually 
three  or  four  styles  which  are  surrounded  at  the  base  by  a  broad  ring  of  thick  white  tomentum.  The 
fruit,  which  ripens  about  the  middle  of  August  and  falls  before  the  first  of  September,  is  borne  on  stout 
pedicels,  in  erect  spreading  or  rarely  drooping  few-fruited  villose  clusters ;  it  is  subglobose,  but  rather 
longer  than  broad,  bright  crimson,  marked  by  numerous  large  pale  dots,  villose  particularly  toward 
the  ends,  with  long  scattered  white  hairs,  and  three  quarters  of  an  inch  long ;  the  calyx-cavity  is  broad 
and  shallow,  and  the  lobes  are  elongated,  coarsely  glandular-serrate,  villose,  wide-spreading,  and  often 
deciduous  before  the  fruit  ripens ;  the  flesh  is  thick,  bright  yellow,  and  subacid.  The  three  or  four 
nutlets  are  thick,  light-colored,  prominently  ridged  on  the  back,  with  high  rounded  ridges,  and  about  a 
quarter  of  an  inch  long. 

Crat(tgu8  Arnoldiana  forms  thickets  on  a  dry  bank  in  the  Arnold  Arboretum,  where  for  many 
years  it  was  confounded  with  the  Cratcegus  mollis  of  Illinois,  and  grows  in  the  valley  of  the  Mystic 


;■      • 


104 


8ILVA   OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


ROSACEA 


River  at  Medford,  Masaachusetta.'     It  ii  now  common  in  parks  and  gardeni  in  the  neighborhood  of 
Boston,  where  it  develops  a  tall  straight  sitei    and  promises  to  grow  to  a  large  size. 

This  handsome  Thorn  is  named  in  memory  of  James  Arnold,'  through  whose  enlightenment  and 
liberality  the  establishment  of  the  Arnold  ^.rburetum  was  made  possible. 


'  Two  l*rge  tree-like  pUnti  of  Cratagui  AmoUlUma  hare  been 
found  by  Mr.  L.  L.  Dame  at  the  foot  of  a  wooded  bank  on  the 
Mjritio  KtTer  near  the  end  of  Haatingi  Lane,  West  Medford. 

>  Jamea  Arnold  (September  0, 1781-Oeoember  !<,  1868),  $.  native 
of  ProTidenoe,  Rhode  leland,  wat  a  ttrong  member  of  a  itrong  New 
England  family,  born  neither  to  poferty  nor  riches.  On  October 
29,  1807,  he  married  Sarah,  daughter  of  William  Kutch,  Jr.,  of 
New  Bedford,  and  removed  to  that  town  to  beooice  the  bueitieu 
partner  of  hi*  father-in-Uw,  who  waa  engaged  in  whale-flihinf. 
Mr.  Arnold  devoted  himielf  to  hie  buiineu  with  aucb  energy  an>\ 
intalligenoe  that  he  wa*  able  to  retire  from  its  active  pursuit  with 
a  large  fortune  at  the  age  of  Hfty.  He  was  described  as  a  man 
of  acute  and  powerful  intellect,  able  to  compel  snccess  in  whatever 
direction  his  judgment  might  determine.  The  book  of  nature  had 
probably  little  charm  for  him,  although  his  garden  was  long  famous 
as  the  most  beautiful  in  southern  Massachusetts.  Originally  laid 
out  on  straight  rectangular  lines,  it  was  transformed  by  an  excel- 
lent Welsh  gardener,  Llewellyn,  into  a  delightful  retreat  with  wind- 
ing walks  and  shrubbery  arranged  to  conceal  the  boundaries,  to 
open  and  close  vistas,  and  to  give  to  an  area  of  about  three  acres 
an  idea  of  extent  far  beyond  its  true  dimensions. 


f»ne  of  Mr.  Aijold's  friends  waa  George  B.  Emerson,  the  author 
of  A  Rtfori  on  tht  Trt—  and  Skruht  gnming  natwall)  in  Iht  ForuU 
of  MauaeiuMllt.  Mr.  Arnold  had  great  confidence  In  Mr.  Emgr- 
mu's  judgment  in  evorything  that  related  to  agriculture  and  hortU 
sulture,  and  there  it  litrie  doubt  that  it  waa  at  his  suggetlioa  that 
this  olausa  was  inserted  in  Mr.  Arnold's  will :  "  To  George  H. 
Emerson,  John  <IameM  Dixwell  and  Francis  E.  Parker,  Esqn  of 
Boston,  in  trust,  to  be  by  them  applied  ht  me  pruniotion  of  ign- 
cultural  or  horticultural  improvement*  or  other  pliila«i|iliicitl  or 
philanthropioal  purposes  at  their  discretion,  and  to  provide  for  the 
continuance  of  this  I'rust  hereafter  to  such  persons,  on  inch  con- 
ditions as  they  or  a  majority  of  them  may  deem  proper,  to  carry 
out  the  intention  of  tlie  donor,  one  and  one-quarter  of  one  of  said 
twenty-four  parts." 

These  tniitees  under  the  inspinil'  m,  no  doubt,  of  Mr.  EmerKn 
seconded  ccrts'nly  by  John  .lames  Dixwell,  who  w*«  a  lover  and 
sncftessful  cultivator  of  trees,  conceived  the  Idea  of  an  arboretum 
to  be  established  in  Marsacbusetts,  and  made  with  the  Corporation 
of  Harvard  College  the  arrangement  by  which  the  Arnold  Arbore- 
tum wa»  secured  for  the  University. 


EXPL.\NATION  OF  THE  PLATE. 

Plate  DCLXVIH.    Crat.kous  Arnoldia.na. 

1.  A  flowering  branch,  natural  site. 

2.  Vertical  section  of  a  flower,  enlarged. 

3.  A  ralyx-lobe,  enlarged. 

4.  A  fruiting  branch,  natural  site. 

5.  Vertical  section  of  u  fruit,  natural  liu. 

6.  A  nutlet,  sida  view,  enlarged. 

7.  A  nutlet,  rear  view,  enlarged. 


1^  w 


/Vl!, 


ROSAUKa. 

eighborhood  o{ 
ghtenment  and 


Emenon,  tha  author 
lurall)  in  Iht  h'oralt 
leuce  ID  Mr.  Kmir- 
Tioiiltur*  and  horti. 
hi*  •nggmlion  that 
1 ;  "  To  Geurgs  B, 
■:.  Parker,  Enqni  uf 
B  iiromotion  of  agri- 
wr  philaaii|ihical  or 
d  to  pmtido  f(it  the 
tersoDi,  on  inch  con- 
eeni  proper,  to  carry 
uter  of  one  of  uH 

ibt,  of  Mr.  EnwtKn, 
'ho  wi«  a  lorer  and 
lea  of  an  arburetum 
»ith  the  Corporation 
the  Arnold  Arbore- 


^■'"7%. 


CRAf/EOV) 


A  /r.v. 


I 


i,  I 

i 
I 


KM 


SILVA    OF  \nnril   AMHRICA. 


w»kn> 


Kit«  at  IMfofd,  MtmiihiiMUl '     It  h  miw  corouion  in  |)arlis  and  ^{ardenii  in  the  nfligklM>rh<H>.| 
Bmtom,  wh«r«  it  i1»v«>io|m  a  tall  utraigM  «(Mi  »u<l  \iT»m*'jM  to  grow  t«>  •  \M\f9  him. 

Tkk  ban<l»<)inii  Tliorn  in  liuinoa  w  PMniory  of  Jnrnvx  Ariiolil,'  through  wIkmwj  (tnli^btiMtmri,'  . 
IttNtralitj  the  Mtabhuhiut-nt  ■■i  tht'  *"'.iW  Arbot«'..<n  wiw  nijid»>  imiuiiblt'. 


'   i'wo  larf*  itv*- 
«Mm1  hj  Mr   I.    L 


nam*   at   tti*    fmH   mI    » 


*^*IK 


iianr  Mwr  IIm  mm  . 


.!• 


>  JtmM  AraaU  (8«p*MiWra.K>il  I' 
•I  IVmriJmm,  Hbiid*  lotaiMi.  *u  •  Mnin, 
b||W«l  hiily,  born  ii*<Cli<pr  |»  |ni%vn< 


•    -...»'  .   tiatfi  li«trit 
^^ImI    ItMill  un  the 

"<<u*t.  •naliTi' 

^       '  »'.  <  i<?Uifarr 


«■,  l»t,  te  —trii<  MMmh,  4M«ktor  of  W  ilhwn  Hatab.  Jr.,  nf 
!<•■  tUUti  I  .<.  mm!  niMfc  4  '  >  thai  lavn  U>  li«»o»i  Ika  Imunnui 
|aita*r  trf  kU  /•Ihcr-io-r^w,  who  mw  «in«fMl  m  whaU-taliing. 
Ml  trwttd  liviulMl  huMall  tu  ba  bq«l»»i«  »iUi  'wli  MMrgj  awl 
mu-llt|l«ac*  that  hr  ww  aUa  t«  ratlra  fiunt  lU  t*'"  fuvaii  vHk 
»  iatf*  diMiM*  *l  th«  *(•  ol  flft; .  11*  *a*  ifoaanlMil  aa  a  aMa 
<■(  «•■*•  a«4  ^avarlal  iat*lln-t.  aMp  ta  WMafal  aur<«i«  m  «kal*»«r 
I  tiM  ;nri|(ti>rnl  Kiiirht  <l<-trniiiM.  Tfc*  bant  o^  Mtitra  had 
F  Itltlf  i'tiann  f»f  liiiu.  altlioitfh  hia  iraiK4#a  «nw  Hnir  famcma 
at  lh«  nuiat  IwanlifHl   in  tciiitliKru  Maaaa^boartu  I 

•Mit  ua  atrai^l  r*<ilaDKtilar  Itura.  it  waa  traaaforni 
Wal  WraUh  fanUiMr,  U>wrll)-B,  iirto  a  ilrlifbtlul  ratmtt  •  ii).  «<M 
■iif  valhi  aad  tbrabticry  airaannl  In  aaaaaai  tin  hu>HMtaiM«,  i> 
opaa  and  ojoaa  vlataa,  aad  to  |pva  tf>  aii  a#««  i^^  abt^ai  thp»«  aai^a 
as  itlaa  tt  artaai  far  bajoad  ita  ipim  <Ihb«i»>i'»«. 


I1U<  »..:■ 

m  Ik,  I 
t«  Mr  i:   . 
rr  i4iv|  K. . 

1  ■    .'.nf/ 
V 


<ln«  iif  Mr.  ArnuM't  friaiula  «aa  n*urfv  n 
<»f  A    lifjt*>n  tm  tKf   I'rftt  itntt  Skr'tbi  •jroir.titf 
i[f  Miu»atku»*ttt      Mr   Ariiolil  Ii:m1  jfrvat  I'tinl 
Min'i  jtiifgmout  in  rvrr*  '* '  latad  t*. 

oullura,  aod  tbara  ii  Ii  .1  it  vu  at  hi 

Ihii  iiUuaa  waa   iiiaerU..  iu   .ur.  Amiil<l'«  will 
Kiiiuraon,  J'thii  Jarnet   Piiwull  ami   ^  ranri*  K    i  *rbiir,  t.ai 
lluatiiti,  in  iriial,  tn  h^  tiy  lh«ni  afiplivil  for  thr  pr  iiw..t..,>  .,f 
cultural  or  hortiouUiiral    iiniirornmeiita  or  oihat   ^i<  ^  ->.i-i,,,.., 
philAiitbro|iicAl  ptir|K>a«a  at  thnir  diacrption,  aad  tm  |i*w«hU  fitr    .. 
aontiniiaucc.nf  t^l«  TniNt  Kor^nfti^r  (u  aiirh  panaaa,  tia  mrh  ^  . 
ditiuiiii  M  th«7  tti   a  inajuritT  nf  them   may  ■Iin'u   i.         -   ' 
<Hit  the  ;titi*iitioii  of  thn  doimr.  una  and  one-ipiart.  • 
t«antT*four  |t«rta." 

Thaae  tni«(rfa  itiidpr  (ha  inapiration,  no  daub'     •■ 
■aaajid  <'>'rt«iiily  hv  .luhn  .laiiixa  IMiwall,  whn  >a«  •  lonr  \f 
auMaaaful  niUivatnr  -if  tn^t^i,  ruureivf*d  tlir  idaa  .if  an  artwrvt 
t't  \m  r»tal)lixh<P'l  in  Maaaa^-kiiafitta,  and  mada  *dh  iba  tarpafat'.'> 
ul  Harrard  CnlleKa  lU*  arraii|;[iiin«nt  \>j  which  Iha  \nkni4  Arhu" 
laai  WM  avourad  fcir  the  iMtivcnitjr. 


KXPLaNATTON   (»P  the   PLATE. 


Plat*  fX'l/XVITI     ('nAi.«(ii  a  Arn'iuiiana. 

I.  A  flKweriii);  brancli.  nttnml  airo 

2-  Vartii'ai  ••etiua  of  *  rtawT,  nuUtrged. 

S.  A  ralrt-loh*,  anUr^rtl 

4.  A  fraiUeg  hntorh.  i^atiirai  <ui*. 

5  V*nii!al  aavtiua  if  n  (fnit.  nMiiral  lixa. 

•I  A  Btttlat  aida  «te«.  anUrgvd. 

7  A  Bitit«t,  MaM  r:jrt.  i><ilar|[e<|. 


I.Hilii    -A    M,    Kn.,r. 

i-h  lu  '   \  '  ■ 


Silv*  of  North  Amrnc* 


Ti»h  DCl.yVlll 


r  f  Aj.r..n  ./«/ 


lorerttia/   A 


CRATv^GUS    ARNOLDIANA,  r,.ir6 

//  /'a  >.  />»»/-  r///Yi/  '  ''"V  •-'  Tculrur  Faru 


\ 


RdHAl'K. 


8i 


COvenM 

•tout  V 

are  »\e 

or  sligl 

and  c( 

brown 

oviite, 

two  or 

teeth ; 

and  ut 

8tirfai'( 

and  r( 

inch   I 

tomen 

are  fn 

ail  ini 

in  coi 

glandi 

thick 

Bur{a( 

open. 

base  I 

until 

or  o\ 

tOWill 

and 
dark 
and 
iengt 


Jt 


ridg 
and  I 
and 
Mr. 

'  J 

near 
Urmi' 


II  a 


BOBAIXA 


BILVA  OF  NORTH  AMKHICA, 


106 


ORATiCanS  OHAMPLAINENSIS. 


Haw. 


Stamens  10 ;  anthcn  light  yellow.     Lchvoh  oviito,  ucutc,  thick,  bluo-groen. 

Cratagua  OhampUlnmiaia,  Sargent,  Hhodora,  iii.  20  (1901). 

A  tree,  from  fifteen  to  twenty  feet  in  height,  with  a  tall  item  eight  or  ten  inches  in  diameter 
covurt'd  with  dark  deeply  fiiwured  bark  broken  on  the  Rurface  into  thin  Ioom  plate-like  acales,  and 
itout  wide-spreading  branches  which  form  a  round-topped  and  often  symmetrical  head.  The  brunchlets 
are  slender,  somewhat  zif^zag,  marked  by  numerous  large  oblong  pale  lenticels,  and  armed  with  straight 
or  slightly  curved  chestnut-brown  spines  from  an  inch  and  u  half  to  two  inches  in  length  ;  light  green 
and  coated  with  hoary  tomentum  when  they  first  appear,  they  become  glabrous  and  light  chestnut- 
bruwn  and  lustrous  during  their  first  season  and  ashy  gray  during  their  second  year.  The  leaves  are 
ovuto,  acute,  rounded,  truncate,  slightly  cordate  or  broadly  cuneate  at  the  base,  usually  divided  into 
two  or  three  pairs  of  short  narrow  acute  lobes,  and  coarsely  and  frequently  doubly  serrate,  with  glandular 
teeth ;  in  early  spring  they  are  roughened  above  by  short  pale  hairs  and  are  villoso-pubescent  below, 
and  at  maturity  they  are  thick  and  firm  in  texture,  conspicuously  blue-green  and  glabrous  on  the  upper 
siirfttve,  light  yellow-green  on  the  lower  surface,  which  is  somewhat  pubescent  on  the  slender  midribs 
and  remote  primary  veins,  from  two  inches  to  two  inches  and  a  half  long  and  from  an  inch  to  un 
inch  and  a  half  wide ;  they  are  borne  on  slender  deeply  grooved  petioles  which,  more  or  less 
tomentose  at  first,  usually  become  glabrous  and  bright  red  below  the  middle  before  the  autumn,  and 
are  from  three  quarters  of  an  inch  to  an  inch  in  length.  The  flowers,  which  are  three  quarters  of 
an  inch  in  diameter  and  open  during  the  first  week  in  June,  are  borne  on  short  slender  pedicels, 
in  compact  few-flowered  compound  densely  villose  corymbs,  with  lanceolate  or  oblanceolate  coarsely 
glandular-serrate  caducous  bracts  and  bractlets.  The  calyx-tube  is  narrowly  obconic  and  coated  with 
thick  hoary  tomentum,  and  the  lobes  are  lanceolate,  finely  gliindular-serrate,  tomentose  on  the  outer 
surface  usually  only  below  the  middle,  villose  on  the  inner  surface,  and  reflexed  after  the  flowers 
open.  There  are  ten  stamens  witli  small  light  yellow  anthers,  and  five  styles  surrounded  at  the 
base  by  tufts  of  pale  hairs.  The  fruit,  which  ripens  early  in  September  tnd  remains  on  the  branches 
until  after  the  new  year,  is  borne  on  short  pedicels,  in  compact  erect  villose  clusters ;  it  is  obovate 
or  ubiong,  bright  scarlet,  marked  by  scattered  pale  lenticels,  and  more  or  less  villose  or  pubescent 
toward  the  ends ;  the  calyx  is  prominent  and  persistent,  with  a  long  tube  and  broad  shallow  cavity, 
and  the  lobes  are  gradually  narrowed  from  broad  bases,  acuminate,  finely  glandular-serrate,  villose, 
dark  red  on  the  upper  side  below  the  middle,  and  spreading  or  erect ;  the  flesh  is  thick,  yellow,  dry, 
and  mealy.  The  five  nutlets  are  thick,  broadly  ridged  on  the  back,  and  five  sixteenths  of  an  inch  in 
length. 

Cratagus  Champlainen»i»  grows  on  heavy  clay  soil,  and  is  a  frequent  inhabitant  of  the  limestone 
ridges  of  the  Champlain  valley,  from  Middlebury,  Vermont,  and  Crown  Point,  New  York,  northward, 
iind  of  the  valley  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  where  it  has  been  found  at  Chateaugay,  Adirondack  Junction, 
and  Caughnawaga  in  the  Province  of  Quebec,  and  where  it  was  discovered  in  September,  1899,  by 
Mr.  J.  G.  Jack.' 

'  John  George  Jack  (April  15,  1801)  wai  bom  at  Cbateaiigajr  father's  family  about  1830,  and  later  engaged  in  farming  and  in 
near  Montreal  in  the  Province  of  Quebec,  the  ion  of  a  Scotch  fruit-growing  until  hia  death  in  1000,  testing  during  bia  career  as  a 
ftrmer  of  French  Huguenot  descent  who  came  to  Canada  with  hia      fruit-grower  of  more  than  forty  yean  hundreds  of  rarieties  of 


1   : 


i 


106 


8ILVA   OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


R08ACR«. 


.(ruiti  pnTioial;  unknown  in  th*  Prorino*  of  Quebec  J.  G.  Jack'i 
early  eduomtion  wu  obtained  prinoipall;  in  the  lohoaU  near  hie 
home  and  in  working  on  hie  fatber'e  farm,  and  later  at  Cambridge, 
when  be  tpent  two  wintert  in  tt'jdjing  rntomology  with  Dr.  II.  A. 
Hagen.  He  tpent  the  tunimer  of  1883  in  the  private  horticultural 
experiment  grounds  of  Mr.  K.  S.  Carmen,  editor  of  Tht  Rimil  Xew 
Yorker,  at  River  Edge,  New  Jereey,  and  in  1886  he  became  con- 
nected with  the  Arnold  Arboretum  a<  an  auiitant  and  teacher  of 
dendrology.     He  paMod  the  summera  of  1898  and  1900  aa  an  agent 


of  the  Geological  Surrey  and  of  the  Department  of  Agrioullure 
of  the  T?nited  Sutei  in  eiploring  the  foreata  of  central  Colorado 
and  of  the  Big  Horn  Hountaina  of  Wyoming.  In  1900  Mr.  Jack 
became  inatructor  in  dendrology  in  the  MaaaaohuaetU  Inatituto  of 
Teohnology,  in  addition  to  hia  dutiea  in  the  Arboretum.  For  mauy 
yeara  h«  waa  a  oonatant  contributor  to  (lardtn  and  Fortnl.  In  tlie 
neighborhood  of  Montreal  he  haa  diacovered  a  number  of  pre- 
vioualy  unknown  forma  of  CratBgua.  (See  Sargeut,  Rhodora  iii 
71.) 


EXPLANATION  OF  THE  PLATE. 


'  i    m 


Plate  DCLXIX.    Cratjhour  Champlainknsm. 

1.  A  flowering  branch,  naturJ  tiie. 

2.  Vertical  aection  of  a  flower,  enlarged. 

3.  A  oalyz-lobe,  enlarged. 

4.  A  fruiting  branch,  natural  size. 

6.  Croas  section  of  a  fruit,  natural  aiie. 

6.  Vertical  aection  of  a  fruit,  natural  aiie. 

7.  A  nutlet,  aide  view,  enlarged. 

8.  A  nutlet,  rear  view,  enlarged. 

9.  The  end  of  a  viporoua  ahoot,  natural  aize. 


;     i: 


f 


B08ACEA 

rtment  of  Agriculture 
it"  of  central  Color»do 
ng-  In  1900  Mr.  Jack 
•achuietu  Inetitute  of 
Arboretum.  For  mauj 
tm  arid  Foretl.  In  Ui, 
red  a  number  of  pre. 
>  Sargent,  Hhodora,  iii. 


Tab    DCLXW 


/"'"'^^vv^^ 


■ 


CRAT/Er, 


\ 


i!  t 


u 


im 


tiiLrj  OF  SOUTH  America. 


•wtviMlr  tuiknown  in  tb«  Provtnca  uf  QueWc.  .J.(f  -liU'k'ii 
Mitljr  ftdMAUon  WM  obcaiHtfd  pnneip&lly  in  th«  ichooU  mwr  bit 
fcOW  Mid  in  working  on  hti>  futher't  fartn,  und  lat^r  it  tnivttrMlgf, 
«Wm  k«  spt'Ut  tMTo  wititMn  in  stml>ing  fntoinology  •m.iU  '.*\  H  A. 
H«|r«i»-  He  spent  the  Aitmiiwr  uf  18H3  in  the  prtvkte  h<*t 'H-ulrunil 
ff«^rtai««t  grouDil!*  »f  Mr  K  S  Carmen,  rtdttor  »«f  7V  Au"^/  .Vt-w 
r«rtr^,  al  Kir«r  F^t^,  N»w  JenwT,  and  iti  tHA6  N«  tv-^i'tm  i-nu- 
mmytmd  «aK  th«  Aruuld  \rlk>rvlun;i  a«  an  luukiMiwtf  &:>vi  .•■t/Wrof 
rtiatwhuy      llr  paued  the  Hinimvn  »f  t^'JH  tuiti  i\i^n.^ »-.  tn  agvnt 


of  ibe  O«ologinal  Survcj  and  of  t)  «■   IVparttut  i» 
of  Lho  IJniUid  Statoa  in  eiploring  -       fontiU  oi  >*■ 
and  of  th«>  Big  Hnrn  UountAinn  uf  WyuminK      }> 
bc4!ain«  instructor  in  dnndrology  in  tho  Maa)ta<'n.u«  - 
Technology,  in  addition  to  hit  dutieii  in  (hn  Artf'C 
veam  lie  wua  a  ouimtant  contributor  to  (inrden  r-  '. 
ncighlMirb<KMl  of    Montreal    he   liaK   (lixi:uvrr(*d   Tt 
viuu&ly  unknown  forms  of  Cnitegun.     (See  l^«rj^<* 
71.) 


EXPIANATION    OF   THK   PLATE. 

VVA^•V    WLXIX.       CraT.KOUS   CuAMri.Al.NKNSIS. 

1.  A  flow^riuft  hmn<th,  natural  %\tv. 

•  .  Vertio^l  let^titm  <>f  a  flo<nrer,  enUrged. 

3.  A  calyy  !.>!»•.  #nUri;*il. 

4.  A  fruiting  l?nuicti.  ujatural  niite. 

ft.  OroM  (ut^ti.^i)  of  a  fruit,  natural  size. 

6.  Vertwa-  **•■  ti-»n  (»f  a  fruit,  natural  size. 

7,  A  DUtim.  a»Ai«  \»*w,  **nlar^'*^d. 
^.  A  n(itit>l.  r<»«r  vi^«.  i>>nlRr^«Ml. 

9.  Th«  ftod  *if  »  Tt|forwts  shoot,  natural  size. 


f    I 


f 

^ 

1 ; 
1 '" '.  - " 

'  ♦ 

i 

■kkiw 

^ 

Silva  of  North  America. 


Tab.  DCLXIX. 


\\\\\\ 


r  !:y,Lr<:n  ,/<•/. 


CRATi^GUS    CHAMPLAINENSIS.Sar^. 


.4  Iu.\-f'ft*u  Jii\ 


Im/y  ./  Thtwur.Parw. 


Itopint'.  ./V' 


ll' 


■ 


!  !'•! 


H      <l 


B; 


1^: 


n 


I 


1:1 


'      :!i 


ill 


ROBAcaa. 


SILVA   OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


107 


ORyiT^GUS  ANOMALA. 


Haw. 


Stamens  10 ;  anthers  bright  red.     Leaves  ovate,  acutely  lobed,  membranaceous, 
yellow-green. 

Cre  ceegua  anomala,  Sargent,  Rhodora,  iii.  74  (1901). 

A  bushy  tree,  sometimes  twenty  feet  in  height,  with  a  short  -runk  s'jc  inches  in  diameter  covered 
with  pale  gray-brown  scaly  bark,  and  stout  ascending  branches.  The  branchlets,  which  are  slender 
and  somewhat  zigzag,  are  raarked  by  pale  lenticels  and  armed  with  numerous  stout  straight  or  slightly 
curved  bright  chestnut-brown  spines  from  an  inch  and  a  quarter  to  two  inches  in  length ;  when  they 
first  appear  they  are  dark  green  and  villose,  with  long  matted  white  hairs,  and  during  their  first  season 
they  are  puberulous  and  light  orange-brown,  becoming  in  their  second  year  orange-brown  or  bright  red. 
The  leaves  are  ovate,  acute,  divided  above  the  middle  into  five  or  six  pairs  of  short  acute  or  acuminate 
lubes,  and  coarsely  doubly  serrate,  with  spreading  glandular  teeth  except  toward  the  broadly  cuneate  or 
occasionally  rounded  base ;  as  they  unfold  they  are  conspicuously  plicate,  scabrous  above,  with  short 
appressed  pale  hairs,  and  villose  below,  particularly  along  the  slender  midribs  and  thin  remote  primary 
veins  which  arch  to  the  points  of  the  lobes  and  are  only  slightly  impressed  on  the  upper  side ;  at 
maturity  they  are  membranaceous,  yellow-green,  smooth  and  glabrous  on  the  upper  surface,  paler 
and  villose  on  the  lower  surface,  from  two  and  a  half  to  thre?  inches  long  and  from  two  to  three 
inches  wide ;  they  are  borne  on  stout  slightly  grooved  petioles  glandular  on  the  upper  side,  with 
scattered  dark  glands,  and  from  three  quarters  of  an  inch  to  an  inch  in  length.  The  stipules  are 
lineaManceolate  or,  on  leading  vigorous  shoots,  falcate  and  very  oblique  at  the  base,  and  often  half 
an  inch  long.  The  flowers,  which  are  half  an  inch  in  diameter  and  become  distinctly  saucer-shaped 
when  fully  expanded,  open  at  the  end  of  May,  and  are  borne  on  elongated  slender  pedicels,  in  broad 
loose  many-flowered  thin-branched  villose  corymbs,  with  lanceoLite  or  oblanceolate  finely  glandular- 
serrate  bracts  and  bractlets.  The  calyx-tube  is  narrowly  obconic  and  covered  with  a  thick  coat  of  long 
matted  pale  hairs,  and  the  lobes  are  elongated,  acuminate,  coarsely  glandular-serrat«,  pubescent  on  the 
lower  surface,  and  tomentose  on  the  upper  surface.  There  are  usually  ten  but  occasionally  seven  or 
eight  stamens  with  large  bright  red  anthers,  and  foiur  or  five  styles  which  are  surrounded  at  the  base 
by  a  narrow  ring  of  pale  toraentum.  The  fruit  ripens  in  October  and  hangs  on  slender  stems  from 
one  half  to  three  quarters  of  an  inch  in  length,  in  loose  many-fruited  slightly  villose  clusters ;  it  is 
obovate  to  oblong,  gradually  narrowed  to  the  rounded  base,  crimson,  lustrous,  marked  by  large  pale 
scattered  dots,  and  slightly  villose,  particularly  toward  the  full  and  rounded  apex,  from  three  quarters 
to  seven  eighths  of  an  inch  long  and  from  one  half  to  five  eighths  of  an  inch  wide ;  the  calyx  is  large 
and  prominent,  with  a  broad  shallow  cavity,  and  elongated  acuminate  lobes  which  are  abruptly  narrowed 
from  broad  bases,  dark  red  on  the  upper  side,  tomentose,  finely  glandular-serrate,  spreading  or  closely 
appressed,  and  often  deciduous  before  the  ripening  of  the  fruit ;  the  flesh  is  thin,  light  yellow,  and 
somewhat  juicy.  The  four  or  five  nutlets  are  thin,  prominently  and  irregularly  ridged  on  the  back,  and 
from  one  quarter  to  five  sixteenths  of  an  inch  in  length. 

Crato'fjux  ammiala,  of  which  only  a  few  individuals  are  now  known,  inhabits  ihe  low  limestone 
ridges  near  the  banks  of  the  St.  Lawrence  River  in  the  Caughnawaga  Indian  Reservation  opposite 
Lachiue  in  the  Province  of  Quebec.     It  was  discovered  in  May,  1900,  by  Mr.  J.  G.  Jack. 


^nl 


i 


EXPLANATION  OF  THE  PLATE. 


Platb  DCLXX.    C&atjcouh  anomala. 

1.  A  flowering  branch,  natural  iize. 

2.  Vertical  section  of  a  flower,  enlarged. 

3.  A  calyx-lobe,  enlarged. 

4.  A  fruiting  branch,  natural  lize. 

5.  Vertical  aection  of  a  fruit,  natural  size. 

G.  Croas  aection  of  a  fruit  showing  the  nutletl,  natural  i 

7.  A  nutlet,  aide  view,  enlarged. 

8.  A  nutlet,  rear  view,  enlarged. 


«-,<«l 


'^S^'^ 


I      I 


^■■ 


CRATyP. 


U: 


'if 


t<  Jl 


;i  •' 


!(  i 


■  I 


!il 


EXPLANATION   OK  THE   I'LATE. 

PiMTS  DCLX.X.    CaAT.wauH  anom-vla. 

1.  A  Howi^rinf;  ))r«tich,  natural  dire. 

2.  V'flrtic*!  tKcUoK  uf  a  riowor.  (•iilar^ed. 
S.  A  nUyx-lutM*,  Milatg»i!. 

.  -(inn  iif  a  fniit,  natur»,l  »i/.e. 
♦>    '  '  »  fruit  nhowiui;  the  nutlet*,  nstarsl  sue. 

"*  ■  A  •■ »    Aiitjfcr^fti]. 

8.    A  BnUfl  <lllU^pKi. 


.'  jiii'i 


5       '     » 

i       . 

1 

i  '     ■ .  ■.  i 

illvf.  of  North  America. 


Tab.  DCLXX. 


,A/y>^-^ 


I      i     i 


i    \ 


'f     1 


".'/■'liWi'l-  Je^ 


C  R ATi^  G U  S   AN  0  MALA  5a.r6. 


Hapifi^-  ■.''C'. 


A  !iu\'r,*u.r  t/iri^Kii 


Imp  .  K  T'itu'uf.  PitrU 


HOHAC 


base, 


pale ) 

wfaicl 

a  sinj 

zigKii 

(lark 

they 

Bumn 

lu8tT( 

and 

Dum( 

teeth 

by  8l 

they 

thel 

inch( 

and  ' 

villof 

until 

stout 

braci 

lanc( 

aftei 

anth 

Sept 

leng 

brig 

long 

the 

or  e: 

five 

deej 


was 


'  ( 

lures 


KOHACEiE. 


8ILVA   OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


100 


CRAT^OUB  ELLWANQERIANA. 
Scarlet  Haw. 


Stamens  10 ;  anthers  rose  color. 
base,  membranaceous. 


Leaves  oval,  rounded  or  broadly  cuneate  at  the 


OraUsgus  Bllwangariana,  Sargtnt,  Bot.  OoMtttt,  uxiii.  118  (1902). 

A  tree,  sometimes  twenty  feet  in  height,  with  a  tall  trunk  often  a  foot  in  diameter  covered  with 
pale  gray  bark  broken  into  small  closely  appressed  scales,  and  divided  into  several  ascending  branches 
which  form  a  broad  symmetrical  head ;  or  frequently  shrub-like,  with  numerous  stems  springing  from 
a  single  root,  and  beginning  to  flower  when  only  six  or  eight  feet  tall.  The  branchlets  are  slender, 
zigzag,  marked  by  occasional  small  pale  lenticels,  and  armed  with  stout  straight  or  somewhat  curved 
(lark  chestnut-brown  shining  spines  from  an  inch  and  a  half  to  two  inches  in  length,  or  unarmed ;  when 
they  first  appear  they  are  dark  gpreen  and  covered  with  long  matted  pale  hairs,  and  during  their  first 
Bummer  they  are  light  chestnut-brown  and  slightly  villose,  becoming  dark  chestnut-brown  and  very 
lustrous  in  their  second  year,  and  ultimately  ashy  gray.  The  leaves  are  oval,  acute  at  the  apex,  full 
and  rounded  or  broadly  cuneate  at  the  base,  irregularly  divided,  usually  only  above  the  middle,  into 
numerous  short  acute  lobes,  and  coarsely  and  often  doubly  serrate,  with  straight  or  incurved  glandular 
teetli ;  about  half  grown  when  the  flowers  open  the  middle  of  May,  they  are  then  roughened  above 
by  short  pale  hairs,  and  villose  below  along  the  slender  midribs  and  primary  veins,  and  in  the  autumn 
they  are  membranaceous,  light  green  and  scabrous  on  the  upper  surface,  pale  and  nearly  glabrous  on 
the  lower  surface,  from  two  inches  and  a  half  to  three  inches  and  a  half  long  and  from  two  to  three 
inches  wide ;  they  are  borne  on  slender  nearly  terete  petioles  which,  at  first  villose,  are  finally  glabrous 
and  vary  from  an  inch  and  a  half  to  two  inches  in  length.  The  stipules  are  oblong-obovate,  acute, 
villose,  coarsely  glandular-serrate,  and  half  an  inch  long,  those  of  upper  leaves  being  mostly  persistent 
until  after  the  ripening  of  the  fruit.  The  flowers  are  an  inch  in  diameter,  and  are  produced  on  short 
stout  pedicels,  in  many-flowered  densely  villose  corymbs,  with  lanceolate  coarsely  serrate  caducous 
bracts  and  bractlets.  The  calyx-tube  is  broadly  obconic  and  villose,  and  the  lobes  are  elongated, 
lanceolate,  glandular,  with  small  pale  stalked  glands,  villose  on  both  surfaces,  and  generally  reflexed 
after  the  flowers  open.  There  are  usually  ten  but  sometimes  eight  stamens  with  small  rose-colored 
anthers,  and  from  three  to  five  styles.  The  fruit,  which  ripens  and  falls  from  the  middle  to  the  end  of 
September,  is  borne  on  slender  glabrous  pedicels  from  three  quarters  of  an  inch  to  an  inch  and  a  half  in 
length,  in  drooping  villose  many-fruited  crowded  clusters ;  it  is  oblong,  full,  and  rounded  at  the  ends, 
bright  crimson,  very  lustrous,  covered,  particularly  near  the  ends,  with  scattered  pale  hairs,  about  an  inch 
long  and  from  one  half  to  three  quarters  of  an  inch  wide ;  the  calyx-cavity  is  narrow  and  shallow,  and 
the  lobes  are  elongated,  glandular-serrate  above  the  middle,  villose  on  the  inner  surface,  and  spreading, 
or  erect  and  incurved ;  the  flesh  is  thin,  yellow,  juicy,  and  acid.  The  nutlets,  which  vary  from  three  to 
five  in  number  and  from  one  quarter  to  one  third  of  an  inch  in  length,  are  thick,  pale  brown,  and 
deeply  and  often  doubly  and  irregularly  grooved  on  the  back. 

CrutaguH  ElhcaiKjerktna  is  common  in  the  neighborhood  of  Rochester,  New  York. 

This  handsome  Thorn-tree,  which  is  one  of  the  largest  and  most  beautiful  in  the  northern  states, 
was  named  for  Mr.  George  Ellwanger,'  the  distinguished  horticulturist,  in  whose  nurseries  at  Rochester  a 


\  I 


'  George  KUwanger  (December  2,  1810)  wu  born  in  the  pic- 
tureique  viUkge  of  (inws-lleppach  in  Uie  valley  of  the  Remi  in 


Wlirteniburg,  where  he  attended  the  Tillage  school  until  the  age  of 
fourteen,  and  from  early  cluldhood  assisted  his  father,  who  was  a 


110 


SJLVA   OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


RosArRA 


i 


f 

i 

i 

I 

tnw  of  thia  iipecie*,  still  lUndiiig,  wm  Urge  oiiough  aixty  yt'nni  ngo  to  be  nn  oliject  of  inttireat  oud 
conaiiloration.' 


tinnjranliil  »ii<l  •mall  futnar.  lUkliiiof  that  hU  nalln  Und,  ln>- 
|MiviiruhMl  bjr  the  NafMilouuic]  wan,  offvrMl  to  the  riiriil  po|iuUtiim 
little  ii|ipiirtunit7  tor  rulrwioement,  (ieiirge  Kllvanger,  while  itill  ■ 
bojr,  turned  hii  tkouKhU  l4i  America,  anil  haring  datemiineil  lu  enii- 
grata  to  tha  I'nited  Mtataa,  a|>|ir*nlioe<l  himielf  fur  (our  jeari  in 
the  prinoiiwl  hortieultural  rttahlithinent  in  Hliitlgarl,  in  nnler  lu 
learn  the  nitnery  and  HuriRt  biitineu,  |Miviiig  a  hiiiiilri*<l  ((iiildera  fur 
the  privilege  ut  wurking  without  |iay  fnnn  iiinriM  to  aiiueet. 

In  IKIA  (ieorga  Kllwangrr  landed  in  New  Yurk,  and  after  a  tliit 
tu  relatina  in  Ohio  Milled  in  Kueheiter,  which  bail  allrarled  bia 
attention  nn  bii  journey  weatwani  urrr  tha  Krie  Canal.  The  fol- 
lowing ipring  he  lierame  the  iiutnagrr  of  KaTnoldii  &  llaleham'e 
nnrtary  in  thai  town,  then  the  milj  commercial  horticultural  eitab- 
liihment  in  wealem  New  York,  and  in  the  ipring  of  1H;M,  the  jiro- 
prietum  having  diaaolved  |Mrlnerthip,  their  nunerjr  came  into  bit 
poaaaMion.  The  following  jear  Mr.  Kllwanger  purcliaied  |iart  of 
the  laml  now  oocupieil  by  the  Mount  Mope  ntirMriaa,  and  planted 
the  beet  leleoted  and  moat  o&mplcte  collection  of  fruit-trveH  which 
hail  liccn  bniugbt  to  thia  country.  Thi.  iitaniUrtl  and  carefully 
named  collection  laid  the  foundation  of  the  great  iiieftiliiru  and 
proiperity  of  tha  Mount  llo|>e  nuraeriei,  which  fur  more  than  aiily 
yean  have  been  an  important  factor  in  the  ileTelopniant  of  borti* 
ciiltuml  and  rural  proeperity  in  the  t.'nitcd  Statei,  and  hava  made 
llooheRter  the  chief  horticultural  centre  in  America. 

In  1»I0  Mr.   KUwaoger  aaaooiatad  with  biniaaU  Mr.  I'alriok 


Barry,  and  although  In  IIM.1  a  diuutroua  Are  daatroyed  nearly  all 
their  growing  •took  and  the  bnildingi  of  the  nurMry,  the  career  uf 
the  Hrni  haa  Iweii  one  of  great  and  •utainad  enterpriie  and  inc- 
ceaa  1  and  from  the  fruit-traei  pnipagateil  at  Mount  Hope  hare 
•priing  the  orehanli  of  tha  weal  and  of  .lapan.  The  wealth  which 
hia  indiutry,  intelligence,  and  fun-e  of  character  haa  brought  tu  Mr. 
Kllwanger  haa  lieen  lilierally  iiieil  for  the  lieiieHl  of  the  pulilic.  In 
IHIIO  the  Hrni  prenanted  to  the  city  of  KiMiheiter  liighlaml  I'urk,  with 
ita  great  povilion  iledioateil  for  all  time  to  the  chiMrrii  of  the  city. 
In  IHW)  Mr  Kllwanger  ettaliliahed  and  endowed  in  KiKlic.tiTH  lumie 
for  agml  (lermaiit,  and  in  INIKI  he  renloreil  the  old  oliiirch  in  hii 
native  village  lie  la  vioe-preaident  of  the  KeynohU  l.ilirary  Auo- 
cialion  of  Itoobeiter,  and  a  truatee  or  dinu'tor  of  many  of  the  prin- 
cipal abaritahle  and  Himncial  aaiooialiona  of  that  city,  to  wboae 
proapcrity  and  fame  he  ban  largely  contributeil, 

'  Tha  traa  in  the  Mount  llo|>e  numariaa  at  Kocheiter  which  flnt 
altracteil  my  attention  to  thia  aiieoiea  waa  iiiaaJiurefl  in  ,)uly,  11)01 
by  Mr.  ('  ('  l.aney,  the  •uperinli'iidenl  of  the  IWheater  l'arli> 
who  founil  it  to  lie  'J*'VI  fitet  high,  with  a  Rpread  of  liranchei  of  'JiVO 
feet  from  north  to  toiitb,  ami  of  20  feet  from  eait  to  wcHt,  and 
with  a  trunk  circumference  of  W.M  fret  at  the  level  of  the  ground, 
of  ;l..'Vi  feet  at  3  feet  above  llie  gMiind,  and  of  :i.4<'i  fret  at  A.I 
feet  alxiTc  the  ground  at  tha  point  wbara  it  bagina  to  divide  into 
tbrw  principal  bnoolMl. 


EXPLANATION   OF  THK   PLATE. 

I'UkTK    IX'LXXI.      rHAT.»;(tlS    Kl.LWANIIKKIA.NA. 

1.  A  fliiwerin);  liruicli,  natural  iiir.v. 

2.  Vertical  an'tinii  of  n  flower,  eiilar|{eil. 
8.  A  calyx-lob«,  enUr^l. 

4.  A  fruiting  branch,  natural  aiir. 

,%.  A  fruit  cut  traiiivenely,  showing  the  nutlet*. 

r>.  A  nutlet,  aide  view,  enlarged. 

7.  A  winter  branchlet,  natural  siio. 


K(»Arr.m. 
of  intoroit  niid 


dMtrojKl  n.»rlj,|| 
un»ry,  th.  nttnt  uf 
'iilorpriio  uil  III,'. 
Mixiiit  lllllH.  |„„ 
Th»  wiwlth  Khii'h 
h«lin,u,[lilto.\|, 
Ht  iif  lli(  |Mil,li,.      ii, 

lliKlil«iiill',rk,  Willi 
•liililrni  lit  il„.  ,.|,j 

in  KiKliiv.ii'ru lionw 
111  oliuri'li  111  hia 
yi"M>  l.iliri.ry  A«ii). 
of  iiiaiiy  „f  ih,  |,fj„. 

lli«t  cilj,  |<,  ,|,„„ 

<i«oli.«ii.r  oliii'li  tint 

"■"•a  ill  ,;,i|j,,  iin,|^ 

ho   KmheaUir  I'urln, 

il  of  liniiichci  of  M.n 

III    fMt    to    WCHt,  iiiiil 

li'ifl  iif  ilip  ({ruiinil, 

of  ;i  j."i  ffi't  Ht  n.n 

wgiiM  tu  dividi)  into 


nf  North  Amtnc* 


■^:    l':^' 


lU^ 


^JlAA    Uf  AOHJM  AMERICA, 

*4uijjr,  VM  iwg^  ent»ugb  sixty  years  ago  to  he  an  'S^ 


Si 


•>!•  (.'Mat.      n^  M- 

't^I  hortioiUtun^  ow^lr 

■  ^>    *|<nng  of  |ti£Mf  bb«  fro- 

:u«*ti   ntinwir/ exa*  wA*^  hit 

Ml.  Kllvnuifvr  purehaaM  \mr:  qC 

I'luut  Hope  nurMnctt,  acd  (tUitUnl 

,  i'»*'  c(»t)(^i<lioo  of  fruit-tr*«»  irhwh 

Phi*  HiAttitanl  luid  ufttYfaUy 

^f  th?  iprpat  iu4Pfu)ii*«i  aixi 

>n   whutb  for  morv  'luii  aiser 


■ftrw*. 
fmuwrU    Mr 


tUrrv,  aitd  alt^:  .ugh  in  IS-i^t  a  iliwutr' 
ttioir  i^ruwing  stock  and  the  ImtUltiigt*  ' 
itii'  ilrtu  bus  Uwii  uno  of  grent  And  mi     - 
t  OM  ;  and   fmni  th<^  f  niit-trprn    propay 
■>|>nin^  tilt'  ondtiintH  of  the  wrst  and  <>t 
hii  tndiiAtry,  intt>llij^niice,  and  forue  of  ' 
LUwHiii^cr  hoR  l)e<*n  idMTidly  uspd  fnr  I5f<    •' 
IHiX)  tiir  liim  prcwuUd  to lh«>  i-ilyof  Uo»t,-' 
\K»  grt^al  pHvilion  drtdicnted  fur  ull  tiin*  ■•-■ 
In  IMtMt  Mr,  Kllwanffvr  cAUbtialied  ojid  «»■. 
fi>r  ag«d  (t«rDia»i,  and  in  1H93  be  rt-«t'M-<'^^ 
batitH  TillagQ.    \l»  ii  vioo'jircnidcnt  uf  tU' 
viaUon  uf  RoohMter,  and  a  trustee  ur  il<i'' 
vipol  oharitahle  and  fiixanrial    B»>ociAti"<  ^ 
pmapcrit/  »rid  fani'>  hi'  hait  iHr^^elT  i>(fulr-.;  -, 
*  Tho  tr»?e  tii  thr  Monnt  Ilnj*  nuntorin-  ^ 
attracted  mj  attuntioo  to  this  «|M'cit'H  was 
by  Mr.  C.  I'.  I.aney.  the  flupi'riiitt.'ndr«i     i 
who  found  it  to  Ite  'J^\  ft'ct  lii^^h.  with  a  >•{:• 
fet't  from  north  to  south,  and  uf  29  f«»t 
with  a  trunk  cin'umferonoG  of  .'M)8  feet  at  i 
of  3..'tA  fe«t  at  3  feot  abiivo  tb«  Kruuml.  .• 
fret  abo'.i^  the  gronnil  at  the  (Kiinl  wb**!--: 
three  priuei(«l  bnuichea. 


-^ 


„-i./i. 


\  t. 


'IK   PLATK. 


.*  tMUEBlANA. 


IS 


3.  A  «»l)nt-lob».  «nlar>;e 

4.  A  {ruilin);  iiranrli.  u»U>nkl  >><f. 

/i.  A  fnit  cut  tnuitrertaly.  •iia»in|;  tb«  nnti<!to. 

f<.  A  natlct,  tUl*  « i»w.  (•nlu'g^i]. 

T  \   wirli!   >)rili-!:!rT     MVir:i!     ii.v 


I 


SilvA  of  North   America 


TalrDCLXXl. 


K 


ri'/^i.tim  i/f/ 


CRATyCGUS    ELWANGERlANA.Sar^ 


Httf'tne  sc 


A Hitu-r^t.r  tfirA. 


Imp  J Tan^ttr,  Patuf 


.  V 


!     ! 


t !  Ii ' 

-■ 

M 

li  ll 

.     1  ■  ■      ■ 
i 

:i  if 

'  t-  ■ 

ll  '1 

!      1 

)            i 

11 

J 

i    t 

,4  ,■ 

'H 

■X 

\ 

KOSACiLE. 


SILVA   OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


Ill 


ORATiEGUS  PRINGLEI. 


Haw. 

Stamens  usually   10 ;    anthers   dark   purple, 
vcllow-green,  drooping,  and  often  convex. 


Leaves   oval,  acute,   thin,  bright 


Cratsegua  Pringlei,  Sargent,  Rhodora,  iii.  21  (1901). 

A  tree,  occasionally  twenty-fl^ie  feet  in  height,  with  a  tall  trunk  ten  or  twelve  inches  in  diameter 
covered  with  thin  bark  readily  separating  in  large  flakes  broken  into  small  loose  dark  red-brown 
scales,  and  stout  branches  which  form  a  wide  symmetrical  head.  The  branchlets  are  of  medium 
stoutness,  slightly  zigzag,  marked  by  small  pale  lenticels,  and  armed  with  thick  straight  or  somewhat 
curved  chestnut-brown  spines  often  an  inch  and  a  half  in  length ;  when  they  first  appear  they  are 
dark  green  and  villose,  and  soon  becoming  glabrous  they  are  chestnut-brown  and  lustrous  during  their 
first  summer,  bright  orange-brown  during  their  second  year,  and  ultimately  ashy  gray.  The  leaves  are 
oval,  acute  at  the  apex,  rounded  or  often  abruptly  narrowed  and  cuneate  at  the  base,  occasionally 
irregularly  lobed  above  the  middle,  with  short  broad  acute  lobes,  and  coarsely  and  often  doubly  serrate, 
vith  glandular  teeth  ;  as  they  unfold  they  are  villose  on  both  surfaces  and  often  more  or  less  tinged 
with  red,  and  when  the  flowers  open,  usually  during  the  last  week  of  May,  they  are  roughened  above 
by  short  closely  appressed  pale  hairs  and  glabrous  below  with  the  exception  of  a  few  hairs  on  the 
slender  midribs  and  remote  primary  veins  ;  and  at  maturity  they  are  thin,  glabrous  and  bright  yellow- 
green  on  the  upper  surface,  pale  on  the  lower  surface,  from  two  inches  to  two  inches  and  a  half 
long  and  from  an  inch  and  three  quarters  to  two  inches  and  a  quarter  wide ;  they  are  usually  con- 
spicuously concave  by  the  gradual  turning  down  of  the  blades  from  the  midribs  to  the  margins,  and 
droop  on  thin  slender  glaiul  iilar  petioles  which,  villose  at  first,  are  ultin  ately  glabrous,  and  from  an 
inch  to  an  inch  and  three  (quarters  in  length.  The  stipules  are  slightly  falcate,  conspicuously  glandular- 
serrate,  and  caducous.  On  vigorous  leading  shoots  the  leaves  are  sometimes  truncate  or  slightly  cordate 
at  the  base,  and  frequently  three  inches  long  and  broad.  The  flowers,  which  are  about  three  quarters 
of  an  inch  in  diameter,  are  produced  in  many-flowered  compound  thin-branched  villose  corymbs,  with 
linear  acute  straight  or  falcate  bracts  and  bractlets.  The  calyx-tube  is  narrowly  obconic  and  villose, 
particularly  toward  the  base,  and  the  lobes  are  narrow,  acuminate,  coarsely  glandular-serrate,  and  villose 
on  both  surfaces  or  only  on  the  inner  surface,  and  generally  reflexed  after  the  flowers  open.  There  are 
usually  ten  but  occasionally  from  five  to  ten  stamens  with  slender  elongated  filaments  and  small  purple 
anthers,  and  from  three  to  five  styles  surrounded  at  the  base  by  conspicuous  tufts  of  pale  tomentum. 
The  fruit,  which  ripens  and  falls  late  in  September  or  early  in  October,  is  borne  on  stout  pedicels 
often  three  quarters  of  an  inch  in  length,  in  erect  villose  mostly  few-fruited  clusters ;  it  is  oblong,  dark 
dull  red  marked  by  a  few  large  dark  dots,  villose  at  the  ends,  with  long  scattered  pale  hairs,  three 
quarters  of  an  inch  long  and  about  five  eighths  of  an  inch  thick  ;  the  calyx-cavity  is  deep  and  narrow, 
and  the  lobes  are  gradually  narrowed  from  broad  bases,  aciuninate,  glandular-serrate,  and  often  erect ; 
the  flesh  is  thick,  yellow,  dry,  and  acid,  witli  a  disagreeable  flavor.  The  nutlets,  which  vary  from  three 
to  five  in  number,  are  rounded  and  slightly  ridged  on  the  back,  and  a  third  of  an  inch  in  length. 

CratifffUM  Pringlei  is  distributed  from  southern  New  Hampshire  through  the  Champlain  valley, 
where  it  is  common  on  both  sides  of  Lake  Champlain  as  far  north  at  least  as  Burlington,  Vermont,  to 
Rocheb'«r,  New  York,  and  Toronto,  Canada,  and  through  the  southern  peninsula  of  Michigan  to 
Barringtoi ,  Illinois. 


i  : 


]  i 


112 


8ILVA    OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


ROSACEA 


First  collected  in  May,  1877,  at  Charlotte,  Vermont,  by  Mr.  C.  G.  Pringle,'  it  has  been 
confounded  with  both  Cratagtm  totnentosa  and  Cratagus  mollis  until  its  distinct  characters  were 
first  pointed  out  in  1900  by  Mr.  Ezra  Brainerd." 


>  Sm  ix.  129. 

'  Em  Brmiiwid  (Daoember  17, 1844)  wu  born  at  8t  Albani, 
Vermont,  whera  be  pmued  bie  euljr  life  and  was  prepared  for  col- 
lege. In  tbe  autumn  of  1860  be  entered  Middleburjr  College,  from 
wbicb  he  wat  graduated  in  1804  with  the  highest  bonon,  and  was 
appointed  a  tutor  for  tbe  following  year.  After  serring  his  college 
for  two  jean  as  tutor  Mr.  Brainerd  entered  the  Theological  Semi- 
nary at  Andorer,  Massachusetts,  and  in  1868  was  appointed  to  the 
chair  of  rhetorio  and  English  literature  in  Middleburj,  a  position 
which  he  filled  until  1880,  when  he  wu  made  professor  of  physics 


and  applied  mathematics.  Six  yean  later  he  was  elected  the  .•ightb 
president  of  bis  college.  President  Brainerd  has  deroted  much 
study  to  natural  sciences,  and  has  contributed  to  the  kuowlcdin) 
of  the  botany  and  geology  of  Vermont.  During  the  last  tliree 
years  he  has  made  a  careful  and  thorough  inveitigatiun  of  the 
numerous  species  of  Cratagus  in  tbe  upper  Champlain  valley,  and 
has  discovered  several  new  and  interesting  fonns,  including  tbo 
handsome  shrub  which  connects  his  name  with  the  flora  of  his 
native  state. 


i 
\ 


I   ii'ii 


! 


EXPI-ANATION  OF  THE  PLATE. 


Plate  DCLXXII.    Crat-sgus  Prinolki. 

1.  A  flowering  branch,  nMural  size. 

2.  Vertical  section  of  a  flower,  enlarged. 

3.  A  fruiting  branch,  natural  size. 

4    Cross  section  of  a  fruit  showing  the  nutlets,  natural  size. 
r>.  Vertical  section  of  a  fruit,  natural  size. 

6.  A  natlet,  side  view,  enUrged. 

7.  A  nutlet,  rear  view,  enlarged. 


•;.i 


U  :h 


ROSACK^. 


W  it  has  been 
characters  were 


*»»  elected  the  .igbth 
fd  I'M  deToted  iniieh 
ted  to  the  knowledge 
During  the  laat  three 
iureatigatiun  of  the 
Champltin  valley,  and 
fornii,  including  the 
with  the  Hon  of  his 


■^  in ''111"; 


0d 


i 


.M 


CRAT- 


( 


1=1 


if 


1  f 

I 


:|'  ,. 


>!ji 


y      : 


I' 


iVZ 


Ai/  *    t    .,/     MHiTJI  AMERICA. 


Wf^.M 


%^y,    18tV     M    i'lwrlotte.    Vermont,    by   Mr.   C.   G.    Prinja^le,'  it    has    ^i^i^s 
.  -*i.*.i^^   u^t»m^%mi  and  CraiasguH  vwlli^  uutil  ito  dutiiict  fhaMcrcr-     - 
9m^  fUfnmead*^ 


Sih 


,  1 


>IW||;«,  from 

.  *'>i7s,  and  wan 

.--_  uii  oollrge 

-  ',      -^  ;^.nUt»i  to  the 
MuUlii'twr^.  a  puftttiuu 


and  )ip|)Iie<l  mathematica.    Six  jeurt  Utrr  h«  mu  el«cteH  th 
)ir<>Hi<U>nC  of  lii*  collcjfe.     President  hmiueni  hw  do*-', 
study  to   natural  soiencM,  »nd  \inn  cniktribiited  to  i^tv  t.      -. .. 
of  the   b'>taii)'  aitd   g^'ology  of   V«rim>nt.      Oiinng  fH^   -i^i    . 
years   he*  baa  made  n  nirpful  an<l  tlion)Uf{h  inveKti^.  ■,,,  .  i 
uiirnemus  sjieott'S  of  Cratwi^uK  in  t)u>  upfwr  ChampU:^  *.(Um, 
iiad  tliscovercd   several   now  and  interostiutt  for.iL*,   mthiding  i^^ 
liaiulHoni*'   Mhruh  wlitch  vuriuect*  liia   tiaiue   fiitb   thu  ^)fa  of  bL. 
aative  slate. 


^ 


-  * 


f-Xn.A  NATION   OF   THK    VI.ATK. 

I':.  »TK    IK'il.XXll.       ('KAT.Km-9    I'RINUI.KI. 

1.  A  HoweriDg  brauoli,  natural  iiiie. 
1    Vortical  ntrtiuti  u(  a  flower,  entargeil. 
t    \  fraitiu);  britnrh.  nalural  sire. 

i    '>;<«■  aaarlioti  u(  a  iruit  ■hiiwiiig  tile  nntletn.  natural  »iu<. 
■  -  "'tai  wN'tion  of  a  f.'<iit,  natuTkl  niia. 
■    •'    lulr  view,  »nlttri^<i. 
-••At  view,  enlar^tx]. 


\ 


t:  i 


1} 


Itr»i.«< 

IP.'    it     Iih:,       , 

nharaclu 


Iwl  to  (hv  k  I    ..  „ 

l)iir:B|;  lit.-   .,,, 

;h»nii.Uit.  ,  ,j, ,_  .|.|, 

f«rj.*,   .t,  '  , ::  ,,.  iii^ 


Tab    DCLXXIl. 


'\^^'''W. 


Zufta.iui  .re-. 


CRAT/EGUS   PRINGLEI    Sar§. 


Itnp  J  Tarit^ur  Pttru- 


' 


' 


'    1 

i 


ii 


'I 


it' 


im 


11 1 ' 

111 


lii' 


i  1 


M 


K06A( 


grec 


bark 

gymi 

glab 

light 

whei 

they 

are  1 

thel 

unet 

opet 

plicii 

and 

inch 

oft 

Bom 

mid 

red 

and 

hali 

pro 

wit 

calj 

the 

out 

elo 

snii 

fru 

dm 

sh: 
flei 
roi 


So 


BOSACEiB. 


8ILVA   OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


113 


ORAT^OUB  OILATATA. 


Red  Haw. 


Stamens  20;  anthers  rose  color.  Leaves  broadly  ovate,  membranaceous,  dark 
green. 

OratsBiTub  dilatata,  Sargent,  Bot.  Oaxette,  zzxi.  9  (1901). 

A  tree,  occasionally  twenty  feet  in  bei<;ht,  with  a  taU  straight  stem  covered  with  light  gray-brown 
bark  broken  into  small  thick  plate-like  dcales,  and  spreading  branches  which  form  a  wide  round-topped 
gynunetrical  head ;  or  often  a  tall  broad  shrub  with  many  stout  stems.  The  branchlets  are  slender, 
glabrous,  slightly  zigzag,  marked  by  numerous  large  pale  lenticels,  and  armed  with  few  stout  straight 
light  chestnuc-brown  shining  spines  from  one  to  two  inches  in  length,  or  occasionally  nearly  spineless; 
when  they  first  appear  they  are  dark  green  more  or  less  tinged  with  red,  and  during  their  first  summer 
they  become  light  chestnut-brown  and  very  lustrous  and  ashy  gray  in  their  second  year.  The  leaves 
are  broadly  ovate,  acute,  truncate,  cord  ite  or  slightly  rounded  at  the  broad  base,  coarsely  and  except  at 
the  base  generally  doubly  and  in-egulai  ly  serrate,  with  straight  teeth  tipped  with  large  dark  glands,  and 
unequally  lobed,  usually  with  two  or  tl  ree  pnirs  of  acute  or  acuminate  lateral  lobes ;  when  the  flowers 
open  at  the  end  of  May  they  are  abou ,  a  third  grown  and  are  then  light  yellow-green,  conspicuously 
plicate,  roughened  on  the  upper  surface  by  short  stiff  white  hairs  and  glabrous  on  the  lower  surface, 
and  in  the  autumn  they  are  smooth  rjid  glabrous,  dark  green  above,  pale  belcw,  from  two  inches  to  two 
inches  and  a  half  long  and  almost  as  wide  as  they  are  long,  with  slender  midribs  and  four  or  five  pairs 
of  thin  primary  veins  only  slightly  impressed  o:^  the  upper  side ;  they  are  borne  on  slender  grooved 
somewhat  glandular  petioles,  at  first  villose  but  soon  glabrous,  often  dark  red  toward  the  base  after 
midsummer,  and  from  one  to  two  inches  long.  The  stipules  are  lineai>lanceolate,  glandular,  with  dark 
red  glands,  and  caducous.  On  vigorous  leading  shoots  the  leaves  are  often  four  or  five  inches  long 
and  frequently  rather  broader  than  they  are  long,  and  their  stipules  are  foliaceous,  lunate,  and  often 
half  an  inch  in  length.  The  flowers  are  from  an  inch  to  an  inch  and  an  eighth  in  diameter,  and  are 
produced  on  slender  elongated  pedicels,  in  broad  loose  many-flowered  compound  slightly  villose  corymbs, 
with  lanceolate  bracts  and  bractlets  glandular,  like  the  inner  bud-scales,  with  dark  red  glands.  The 
calyx-tube  is  broadly  obconic,  covered  toward  the  base  with  matted  pale  hairs  or  nearly  glabrous,  and 
the  lobes  are  broad,  acuminate,  coarsely  glandular,  with  large  stalked  dark  red  glands,  glabrous  on  the 
outer  surface  and  generally  slightly  villose  on  the  inner  surface.  There  are  twenty  stamens  with  slender 
elongated  filaments  and  large  rose-colored  anthers,  and  usually  five  styles  surrounded  at  the  base  by 
small  tufts  of  white  hairs.  The  fruit,  which  ripens  and  falls  early  in  September,  hangs  in  many- 
fruited  drooping  clusters,  and  is  subglobose,  bright  acarlet,  lustrous,  marked  by  numerous  small  dark 
dels,  and  about  three  quarters  of  an  inch  in  diameter;  the  calyx  is  much  enlarged,  with  a  broad 
shallow  cup  and  spreading  coarsely  serrate  lobes  bright  red  on  the  upper  side  of  their  broad  bases  ;  the 
flesh  is  thin,  sweet,  and  yellow.  The  five  nutlets  are  comparatively  small  for  the  size  of  the  fruit, 
rounded  and  prominently  ridged  on  the  back,  and  about  a  quarter  of  an  inch  long. 

Cratcegus  dilatata  grows  along  the  low  borders  of  salt  marshes  and  estuaries  from  Ipswich  to 
Somerset,  Massachusetts,  on  the  shores  of  Mount  Hope  Bay  in  Tiverton,  Rhode  Island,  on  rich  hillsides 


\   .  ■ 


114 


SILVA    OF  NOKTII  AMERICA. 


Hll-  ACR* 


in  the  Champlain  valley  of  southwestern  Vermont,  and  probably  rangbs  northw&rd  to  the  volley  of 
the  St.  Lawrence  River.' 

'  Sp«innDi  of  what  u  prob*blj  thii  ipcoiM  h»T»  bMn  collected  September,  ii  deierilied,  howerer,  l>j  Mr.  .lack  m  pink  mid  jiiu'y. 

by  Mr.  .1.  (i.  Jack  at  Caugbuawaga  ou  the  loutbani  bank  uf  the  St.  The  Auh  u(  the  fruit  uf  the  earlier  ripening   Mauaohuaetta  plant 

Lawrence  Uivet  oppoeite  Lachine.    The  lleih  of  the  fruit  of  the  appcan  to  be  alwaje  dry  and  jellow. 
Cauadian  plant,  which  doee  not  ripen  and  fall  until  the  very  end  of 


M  ^ 


EXPLANATION  OF  THE  PI-ATE. 


Plats  DCLXXIII.    Crataouh  mlatata. 

1.  A  flawerinK  branch,  natural  aiu. 

2.  Vertical  lectinn  of  a  Hower,  the  petali  renioveU,  enlarged. 

3.  A  calyx-lobe,  enlarged. 

4.  A  fruiting  branch,  natural  iir.e. 
6.  CroM  section  of  a  fruit,  enlarged. 

6.  A  nutlet,  rear  view,  enlarged. 

7.  A  nutlet,  niile  view,  enlarged. 

8.  Leaf  of  a  viguroui  ahoot,  luttaral  liia. 


i 


ti  1 


i*m"i"». 


to  tlie  vulley  „f 


'»ck  M  pink  ,„j  j„i„y 
g   MauMhuaetta  |,l»ut 


North 


: 


■unmiiiinftiwiiiiiBl 


r  I 


I  [1 


114 


SH.l    I    "A*   AoilTN    .WIHlilCA. 
MmA*-«i«Mi«  Vvrmont,  ami  prolmlil^  riiii)fcii  iiorthwiinl  )<•  tin 


t.'i4       N*pl«nili*r,  i>  ili>Mn)ir<l,  iHiwcTrr,  b;  Mr  .luk   ••  i><   i 
>t         I'll)- (li-ali  lif  lilt'  (mil  of  thr  I'trlwr  npciung    Man*  > 
I  hi       •|<|ii!>r<  tn  b<9  tlwajii  ilr^  w»l  jrtlkiir. 


vlUANAIIciN   <iK  TIIK   IM.ATK. 


t1*r«    IN  tXXIII.      ClUTXOt'll   lULATATA. 

*    '   —(.tiiK  bnuipli,  n*lural  lii*. 

,  iJ  «wtii<ii  »f  A  fl.iwor.  Ui«  pruli  rtmoTNl.  vnUrgwL 
»i     tl  nwyi-liiiw,  pnUrifitl. 
4    A  fniitiiin  bruirh.  nutiiral  •!>». 
ft    l>iin  wation  ol  »  fruit,  (nUrgMl. 
K.  A  nHllat.  rwr  view,  fnlargnl. 
7.  A  nallat,  n\v  view,  cnUrgml. 
H.  LmI  «rf  >  riganMia  •hoot,  nMunU  liu. 


Stlva  or  North  AmtPir.i 


T«b  DCLXXUI 


yyiro".  Ja/ 


CRAT/EGUS  DILATATA  iarj, 


A  /ii4JC^mttV  iiirr*r}  ' 


j^V  J  Thneur  Paru 


\ 


\\ 


I 


■ 


I. 


\ 


\\ 


t  V\ 


BOSil 


dul 

Oral 


darl 
fon 
pah 
eaci 
are 
lusl 
the 
sho 
gla 
are 
af 
ma 

SlII 

shi 
abi 
po 
up 
pii 
CO; 
in 
an 

CO 

ol 

t: 

at 
(1. 
fr 
ill 
la 
is 

0 

n 
a 


pm-f 


BOSACEift 


SUVA   OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


115 


ORAT-fflGUS  OOOOmiOIDES. 


Bed  Haw. 


Stamens  20  ;  anthers  rose  color.     Leaves  broadly  ovate,  acute,  sharply  lobed,  thin, 
dull  green. 


CratCBBUB  oooolnioidea,  Ashe,  Jour.  Eliiha  Mitchell  Sci. 
Soe.  xn.  pt  ii.  74  (February,  1900). 


CratCBBUs  Bggertii,  Britton,  BuU.  N.  Y.  Bot.  Gard.  i.  447 
(in  part)  (March,  1900)  ;  Man.  520. 


A  tree,  sometimes  twenty  feet  in  height,  with  a  stem  eight  or  ten  inches  in  diameter  covered  with 
dark  brown  bark  broken  into  dmall  closely  appressed  scales,  and  stout  spreading  light  gray  branches 
forming  a  broad  handsome  head.  The  branchlets  are  stout,  nearly  straight,  marked  by  small  scattered 
pale  lenticels,  and  armed  with  thick  dark  reddish  purple  shining  spines  which  are  rather  remote  from 
each  other  and  from  an  inch  and  a  half  to  twn  inches  in  length  ;  when  they  first  appear  the  branchlets 
are  glabrous,  dark  green,  and  more  or  less  tinged  with  red,  becoming  bright  chestnut-brown  and  very 
lustrous  before  autumn,  gray  or  reddish  brown  during  their  second  year,  and  dull  ashy  gray  during 
their  third  season.  The  leaves  are  broadly  ovate,  acute,  full  and  rounded  or  truncate,  and  on  vigorous 
shoots  frequently  more  or  less  cordate,  at  the  base,  sharply  and  often  doubly  serrate,  with  straight 
glandular  teeth,  and  divided  above  the  middle  into  a  number  of  short  acute  lobes ;  as  they  unfold  they 
are  conspicuously  plicate,  very  lustrous,  yellow-green,  and  villose  on  the  lower  side  of  the  midribs,  with 
a  few  short  pale  hairs  which  are  usually  persistent  during  the  season  ;  they  soon  lose  their  lustre,  and  at 
maturity  the  leaves  are  thin  but  firm  in  texture,  rather  I'igid,  dull  dark  green  and  smooth  on  the  upper 
surface,  pale  on  the  lower  surface,  from  two  inches  and  a  half  to  three  inches  long,  and  on  vigorous 
shoots  often  three  inches  and  a  half  long  and  broad,  with  thin  pale  yellow  midribs  deeply  impressed 
above  an.d  often  bright  red  toward  the  base  after  midsummer,  and  slender  primary  veins  arching  to  the 
points  of  the  lobes ;  they  are  borne  on  slender  ridged  petioles  slightly  grooved  and  glandular  on  the 
upper  side,  with  minute  stalked  dark  red  glands,  at  first  villose  but  soon  glabrous,  often  bright  red  or 
pink  toward  the  base,  and  from  three  quarters  of  an  inch  to  an  inch  in  length.  The  stipules  are 
coarsely  serrate,  with  gland-tipped  teeth,  and  are  lanceolate,  and  on  leading  shoots  often  lunate.  Late 
in  October  the  leaves  turn  gradually  bright  orange  and  scarlet.  The  flowers,  which  open  early  in  May 
and  are  an  inch  and  a  quarter  in  diameter,  are  produced  in  very  compact  five  to  seven-flowered 
glabrous  or  slightly  villose  corymbs,  with  coarsely  serrate  oblong-obovate  acute  bracts  and  bractlets, 
conspicuous  like  the  inner  bud-scales  from  their  large  bright  red  glands.  The  calyx-tube  is  broadly 
obconic  and  the  lobes  are  gradually  narrowed  from  broad  bases,  acute,  and  coarsely  glandular-serrate. 
There  are  twenty  stamens  with  stout  filaments  and  large  rose-colored  anthers,  and  five  styles  surrounded 
at  the  base  by  a  ring  of  pale  tomentum.  The  fruit,  which  ripens  early  in  October  and  falls  gradually 
during  a  month  or  six  weeks,  is  borne  on  stout  bright  red  pedicels  about  half  an  inch  long,  in  few- 
fruited  erect  compact  clusters ;  it  is  subglobose,  much  flattened  at  the  ends,  with  a  deep  cavity  at  the 
insertion  of  the  stalk,  often  obscurely  five-angled,  dark  crimson,  very  lustrous,  marked  by  numerous 
large  pale  dots,  and  about  three  quarters  of  an  inch  long  and  seven  eighths  of  an  inch  broad ;  the  calyx 
is  much  enlarged  and  conspicuous,  with  a  broad  deep  cavity  and  spreading  or  erect  lobes  bright  red 
on  the  upper  side  near  the  base ;  the  flesh  is  thick,  firm,  subacid,  and  more  or  less  deeply  tinged  with 
red.  The  five  nutlets,  which  are  small  in  comparison  with  the  size  of  the  fruit,  are  light-colored  and 
are  rounded  and  slightly  ridged  on  the  back,  and  about  one  third  of  an  inch  in  length. 

Cratagus  cocdnioidea  inhabits  rather  dry  woods,  and  is  distributed  from  the  neighborhood  of  St. 


.1 


:;! 


116 


8ILVA   OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


ROSACEA 


Louis  to  eastern  Kansas.*  It  appears  to  have  been  first  noticed  in  October,  1882,  at  Allcr^or ,  Mis- 
souri, by  Mr.  George  W.  Letterman,  by  whom  the  following  year  seeds  were  sent  to  the  Arnold 
Arboretum,  where  this  interesting  tree  has  grown  to  a  large  size  and  flowers  and  fruits  profusely  every 
year.* 


>  Id  April  and  OotoW,  18B5,  Cralagui  eoccinioida  waa  oollectad 
by  Mr.  J.  B.  S.  Norton  in  Rile;  Count;,  Kaiuu  (Mo.  146). 

'  In  ipit*  of  it*  Urge  and  rerjr  beautiful  indiridual  flowere  and 
fruit*  and  handtome  foliage,  Cralagus  coccmioidet  if  not  one  of  the 
•bowieat  of  the  American  Thorn*,  a*  the  Sower*  and  fruit*  are  pro- 
duced in  (uoh  oompaet  clu*t*n  that  the;  are  often  nearljr  hidden 


by  the  Urge  leare*.  It  i*  beautiful,  howeter,  in  the  autumn  when 
the  foliage  ia  turning,  and  the  brilliancy  of  the  bright  orange  and 
•oarlet  leave*  at  the  end*  of  the  leading  branch**  i*  heightened  by 
oontraat  with  the  dark  green  leare*  with  their  red  petiole*  on  the 
lateral  branoblet*. 


■;  H 


EXPLANATION  OF  THE   PLATE. 

Plate  DCLXXIV.    Cbat.kous  coccinioidbs. 

1.  A  flowering  branch,  natural  eize. 

2.  Vertical  aection  of  a  flower,  the  petal*  removed,  enlarged. 

3.  A  fruitinj;  branch,  natural  aize. 

4.  Croaa  *ection  of  a  fruit  showing  the  nutlet*,  natural  aize. 

5.  Vertical  aection  of  a  fruit,  natural  iize. 
G.  A  nutlet,  aide  view,  enlarged. 

7.  A  nutlet,  front  view,  enlarged. 


ROSACEiS. 


t  Allc»>*nr ,  Mis- 
to  the  Arnold 
profusely  every 


in  the  autumn  when 
•  bright  orange  and 
Bhei  it  heightened  by 
ir  red  petiolea  on  the 


CRy.T'- 


^ 


f*f^'W'V- 


I, 


i' 


u 


SILVA    OF  NOJiTfl  AMERICA. 

^-inWM  '     It  i)p}MMrN  t»  have  l)t>cn  first  noticed  in   Ortotx'r,  lHts2,  «t  AU. 

■  >n.«.  W.    Ij«tt«r»4n,   tiv    whom   the   fallowing  year  Mfcda  were   (wnt   t..     i 

>  iAtVTMteiK  itv*  hM>  ((rowD  to  a  large  size  and  iluwers  and  fruiu  ^A-. 


tm  «aliMtMl 


,    i  >h« 


b/  thii  Urf^  learo*.     It  it  beautiful,  li<''>" 
the  fultage  ill  turninj^,  And  the  bril1i«ii^' 
(toikrlet  IfHVet  At  tint  ends  (if  the  le»(tiiif£    .1 
ountrast  willi  Ihti  d&rk  ^rt-fii  leavr*  « 'Mi 
Uterul  bnmchlbts. 


BXI'lJiNATION   OF  THK   PLATE. 

IYatk  D('1,XXIV.    CRAT.icnvd  cocciwioinss. 
1 .  A  flomring  bnnch,  natural  aize. 

'J.  VcrtirjJ  acrti'in  cif  a  flower,  tlie  |ictali  removed,  enlarf^M). 
.1.  A  truitiiiK  l.rauih.  nutural  si/.o. 

4.  Oooii  wftivn  iif  a  fruit  Hiiiiwiii|;  tiie  nutlets,  natural  nut. 
'•    VerltuU  Mrtiiiii  of  a  fruit,  natural  size. 

A  nntivt  t«ii«  ri«w,  enlarj^fnl. 
•     \  u-itki,  Uon\  view,  enlargeu 


i'llva  of  Nortli   America 


Tab   DCLXXIV 


'£.'^<ta-vt  tie/ 


Haru. 


CRAT/EGUS    COCCINIOIDES 


A  Hi^'cr^ur  Mfi^r  ' 


-  "y.  .     .  :itt*'ur 


Far^r 


BoeAca* 


8ILVA    OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


117 


GRATiEOUS  LOBULATA. 


Red  Haw. 


Stamens  usually  10 ;    anthers    dark  red-purple, 
acutely  lobed,  membranaceous,  dark  yellow-green. 


Leaves  ovate  to  oblong-ovate, 


Cralwgua  lobulata,  Sugent,  Khodora,  iii.  22  (1901). 

A  tree,  occasionally  thirty-five  feet  in  height,  with  a  straight  trunk  often  a  foot  in  diameter 
covered  with  dark  red-brown  fissured  bark  broken  into  small  thick  plate-like  scales,  and  stout  generally 
ascending  light  gray-brown  branches  forming  an  open  usually  narrow  irregular  head.  The  branchlets 
are  thin,  slightly  zigzag,  marked  by  many  small  pale  lenticels,  and  armed  with  numerous  stout  nearly 
straight  chestnut-brown  spines  rarely  more  than  an  mch  in  length ;  dark  green  and  coated  with  matted 
pale  hairs  when  they  first  appear,  they  become  bright  chestnut-brown  and  very  lustrous  during  their 
first  season,  and  light  orange-brown  in  their  second  year.  The  leaves  vary  from  oval  to  oblong-ovate, 
UD'I  are  acute  at  the  apex,  broadly  cuneate  or  rounded  at  the  entire  base,  sharply  and  often  doubly 
Berrate  above,  with  straight  glandular  teeth,  and  deeply  divided  into  numerous  narrow  acute  or  acuminate 
lobes,  with  tips  which  are  spreading  or  pomt  to  the  apex  or  to  the  base  of  the  leaf ;  when  they  first 
appear  and  until  after  the  opening  of  the  flowers  during  the  last  week  in  May,  when  they  are  about 
half  grown,  the  leaves  are  covered  above  with  short  soft  pale  hairs  and  are  slightly  pubescent  below 
along  the  slender  midribs  and  thin  primary  veins  arching  to  the  points  of  the  lobes,  and  at  maturity 
they  are  thin,  dark  yellow-green  and  glabrous  on  the  upper  surface,  paler  on  the  lower  surface,  with 
occasional  short  whit«  hairs  toward  the  base  of  the  midribs,  from  two  inches  and  a  half  to  three 
inches  and  a  half  in  length  and  from  two  inches  u>  two  inches  and  a  half  in  width  ;  they  are  borne  on 
slender  nearly  terete  slightly  grooved  petioles  tomentose  at  first,  particularly  toward  the  base,  and  at 
maturity  pubescent  or  nearly  glabrous,  bright  red,  and  from  an  inch  to  an  inch  and  a  half  in  length. 
The  stipules  are  Unear,  acuminate,  bright  red  before  fading,  and  caducous.  The  flowers  are  three 
quarters  of  an  inch  in  diameter  on  elongated  slender  pedicels,  in  rather  compact  many-flowered  thin- 
branched  tomentose  compound  corymbs,  with  linear-lanceolate  glandular-serrate  bright  red  bracts  and 
bractlets.  The  calyx-tube  is  broadly  obeonic,  glabrous  or  villose  toward  the  base,  and  dark  red,  and 
the  lobes  are  gradually  narrowed  fron  broad  bases,  acute,  glabrous,  and  coarsely  glandular-serrate,  with 
large  dark  red  stipitate  glands.  There  are  usually  ten  but  occasionally  from  five  to  ten  stamens  with 
slender  elong^ated  filaments  and  small  dark  reddish  purple  anthers,  and  from  three  to  five  styles 
sometimes  surrounded  at  the  base  by  a  ring  of  pale  tomentum.  The  fruit,  which  ripens  and  falls  early 
in  October,  is  borne  in  erect  compact  shghtly  tomentose  clusters,  on  short  stout  pedicels ;  it  is  oblong, 
somewhat  flattened  at  the  full  and  rounded  ends,  bright  crimson,  very  lustrous,  marked  by  occasional 
small  white  dots,  and  about  three  quarters  of  an  inch  long  and  five  eighths  of  an  inch  thick ;  the 
<:alyx-cavity  is  deep  and  narrow,  and  the  lobes  are  small,  lanceolate,  coarsely  glandular-serrate,  tomentose 
on  the  upper  surface,  erect  and  incurved,  and  persistent ;  the  flesh  is  thick,  jellow,  sweet,  and  juicy. 
The  nutlets  vary  from  three  to  five  in  number,  and  are  thin,  dark-colored,  ridged  and  often  grooved 
on  the  back,  and  a  quarter  of  an  inch  long. 

Cratagus  lobulata  inhabits  the  Champlain  valley,  where  it  is  not  rare,  from  Middlebury, 
Vermont,  and  Crown  Point,  New  York,  as  far  north  at  least  as  Burlington,  Vermont,  and  ranges 
southward  through  western  Massachusetts  to  northern  Connecticut.'     It  is  one  of  the  largest  of  the 

'  Cmtagvi  lohulala  was  collected  on  August  29,  1901,  by  Mr.  C.  II.  Ilisscll  on  Slielden's  Cove  near  Lyme. 


f 


11 


I 


I 


I 


*  ] 


i 


iii 


■  ' 


'f 


1 


WM 


i    t  '■ 


i  m 


118 


8ILVA   OF  NOR  Iff  AMERICA. 


ROSACE^^ 


Thorns  of  tho  northern  stnteR,  and  in  the  autumn,  when  it  is  covered  with  its  large  and  abundant  fruits 
it  is  not  surpassed  in  beauty  by  many  other  species  of  the  genus. 

Crntmjus  lobulata  appears  to  have  been  first  collected  lu  September,  1899,  by  Mr.  Ezra  Brainerd 
at  Crown  Point,  where  a  number  of  trees  of  this  species  have  grown  to  a  large  size  on  the  slopes  and 
in  the  ditch  of  the  abandoned  fort,  which  is  now  nearly  covered  with  great  thickets  of  Crataegus  of 
several  species. 


EXPLANATION  OF  THE  PLATE. 

Plate  DCLXXV.    Cratxous  lobulata. 

1.  A  flowering  branch,  natural  aize. 

2.  Vertical  aection  of  a  flower,  enlarged. 

3.  A  calyx-lobe,  enlarged. 

4.  A  fruiting  branch,  natural  aize. 

6.  Vertical  aection  of  n  fruit,  natural  ait* 

6.  Croea  aeotion  of  a  fruit  ahowing  the  nntlett,  natural  tixa. 

7.  A  nutlet,  aide  view,  enUrged. 

8.  A  nutlet,  rear  view,  enlarged. 

9.  A  leaf  of  a  Tigoroua  ahoot,  natural  aize. 


i    f'    ;., 


i»H|t    FMf 


ROSACEA 

1  abundant  fruits, 

tfr.  Ezra  Brainerd 
on  the  slopes  and 
I  of  Crabegus  of 


N.r'>    America 


GRATA- 


i    i 


n- 


ti» 


SUVA    or  NORTH  AM  URIC  A. 


MNU<K' 


r\:  «<«t4«,  mmI  <■  «lkv  «utuinn,  wliPii  it  in  covered  with  it*  Im-^  and  abuodani  frim. 

•           'tmtiif>  I'*  I'  ■■•I  %}i4'rii'H  of  till' j^eiiUH. 

.'i>)>«  ■    11   Krut  I'ollwtlt'd  ill  Septenibflf,  185)!*,  by  Mr.  Eisra  Htum, 

""•i  i  thiN  *j>«citw  have  ^rowii  to  u  Lirge  ium  on  the  hIo|m«  m 

^  ^  *bMa  IK  itow  nearly  covortHl  with  j^at  thickvt*  of  Crnt4fi;i, 


i.««ATloN  OK  THK    PLATK. 

X    I. XXV.       I'RAT.KIIW    I.1111III.ATA. 

nHg  br»nph,  nalnral  lito. 

'   •m'tiiin  i>f  *  l]ow«r,  tnUrgad. 

I  Im)ki.  rnUrgnl, 
t    A  friHting  hritiM'h,  natural  nitc. 
.1.   Vntird  •MHioii  >•(  ■  fmit.  iiittural  «ir« 
It.  ^r<««  iMrtion  uf  ■  (niit  :<hii«iii{;  tlio  nutleU,  natural  iiize. 
>.  A  nullol.  Milii  view,  onlarf^d. 
8.   A  nuti't-  r««r  *i<*ir,  piilur^tMt. 
it.  A  \nl  iA  a  Tt|i»raiia  •hoot,  natural  nta. 


•  r 


II 


5lW»  of  North  Amcnca 


,A^^ 


Tab.  DCUXV 


C  f'  .'ir-rvrf  d/^ 


CRAT/EGUS    L0BULATA,Si.i.6^ 


Hnpine  sc 


lWhA<'Kil 


8' 
thick  I 

CratMKi 


t'overc( 

■tuut  a 

•tout, 

infreqii 

Indies 

or  less 

brown 

are  uvi 

above  i 

IItLiikIh 

dark  r 

upper 

tlie  li' 

foiispi 

with  I 

six  pa 

side ; 

gomet 

are  li 

leavei 

thrt'i' 

The 

on  al 

with 

obco 

glan 

USUil 

purj 
The 
frui 
by  ( 

'  I 
tbe  I 
in  IT 
peti( 
uf  tl 


himacka. 


BILVA    OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


119 


ORAT^OUS  HOLMESIANA. 
R«d  Haw. 

Stamens  uHuiiUy  5 ;  unthorN  durk  redtlUh  purple.  Leavco  ovul  ur  uvutc,  acute, 
thick  itnd  firm,  pule  yellow  green. 

CratWRU*  HolmMlMUt,  Aib*.  Jaur.  SlUHa  MUeSM  Sei.  Soe.  ivi.  pt.  U.  78  (1900)  —  Swgant,  Bot.  QoMttt,  ml.  10 1 

Rhudora,  iii.  76. 

A  tree,  often  thirty  feet  in  height,  with  a  tull  straight  trunk  from  ten  to  fifteen  incheH  in  diameter 
covered  with  pale  gr^iy-brown  or  nearly  white  bark  broken  into  aniall  thin  cloaely  appregied  Hcaleft,  and 
atuiit  ascending  branuhen  forming  an  open  irreguLir  or  a  broad  compact  head.  The  branehlets  are 
■tu\it,  nearly  Htraight  or  aonietimcH  zigzag,  marked  by  small  oblong  <lark  lenticeU,  and  armed  with 
in{rt'<|uent  thick  mostly  straight  bright  chestnut-brown  shining  spines  from  an  inch  and  a  half  to  two 
ineliuH  in  length  ;  when  they  first  appear  they  are  glabrous  or  rarely  puberulous '  and  dark  green  more 
()r  IcHS  tingeil  with  red  ;  and  during  their  first  season  they  become  bright  chestnut-brown  or  orange- 
brown  and  lustrous,  lighter  colored  during  their  second  season,  and  ultimately  ashy  gray.  The  leaves 
lire  uval  or  ovate,  acute  or  acuminate  at  the  apex,  rounded  or  broadly  cuiieate  at  the  base,  coarsely  and, 
above  the  middle,  doubly  serrate,  with  spreading  teeth  tip|)ed  at  first,  with  prominent  dark  red  caducous 
gkiids,  and  usually  lobed  with  three  or  four  pairs  of  short  acute  or  acuminate  lateral  lobes ;  generally 
dark  red  and  glabrous  or  sometimes  villose  on  the  lower  surface  and  coated  with  rigid  pale  huirs  on  the 
upper  surface  when  they  unfold,  they  are  scabrous  above,  pale  yellow-green  and  nearly  half  grown  when 
tlie  flowers  open  early  in  May,  and  in  the  autumn  they  are  thick  and  firm  in  texture,  almost  smooth, 
conspicuously  yellow-green,  and  usually  about  two  inches  long  and  an  inch  and  three  quarters  wide, 
with  prominent  midribs  often  bright  red  on  the  lower  side  toward  the  base  of  the  leaf,  and  from  four  to 
six  pairs  of  slender  primary  veins  arching  to  the  points  of  the  lobes  and  deeply  impressed  on  the  upper 
side ;  they  are  borne  on  slender  nearly  terete  slightly  grooved  glandular  petioles  which  are  glabrous  or 
sometimes  puberulous  while  young,  and  from  an  inch  to  an  inch  and  a  half  in  length.  The  stipules 
are  linear  or  lunate  and  are  small,  glandular-serrate,  and  caducous.  On  vigorous  leading  shoots  the 
leaves  are  often  broadly  ovate,  truncate  or  slightly  cordate  at  the  base,  frequently  four  inches  long  and 
three  inches  wide,  and  more  coarsely  serrate  and  more  deeply  lobed  than  the  leaves  of  lateral  branchlets. 
The  flowers  are  cup-shaped  and  from  one  half  to  three  quarters  of  an  inch  in  diameter,  and  are  produced 
on  slender  elongated  pedicels,  in  loose  compound  glabrous  or  rarely  puberulous  many-flowered  corymbs, 
with  oblanceolate  or  linear  acute  glandular  caducous  bracts  and  bractlets.  The  cnlyx-tube  is  narrowly 
obconic,  glabrous,  more  or  less  deeply  tinged  with  red,  and  the  lobes  are  elongated,  acuminate, 
glandular-serrate  or  often  nearly  entire,  and  generally  reflexed  after  the  flowers  open.  There  are 
usually  five  but  sometimes  six,  seven,  or  eight  stamens  with  stout  filaments  and  large  dark  reddish 
purple  anthers,  and  generally  three  styles  surrounded  at  the  base  by  a  narrow  ring  of  pale  tomentum. 
The  fruit  ripens  and  falls  early  in  September,  and  hangs  gracefully  on  slender  pedicels,  in  many- 
fruited  drooping  clusters ;  it  is  oblong,  full  and  rounded  at  the  ends,  crimson,  very  lustrous,  marked 
by  occasional  small  dark  dots,  and  crowned  with  the  conspicuous  erect  and  incurved  glandular-serrate 

'  Cralagtii  Holmeiiana  ia  uaualljr  gUbroua  with  the  exception  uf      and  Teina  (Craiagut  Holmttiana  rillipet,  Ashe, /our.  EtMa  MilekeU 
the  upper  surface  of  the  young  leaves,  but  on  the  trees  which  grow 
ia  meulows  at  Sellcrsvillc,  Pennsylvania,  the  young  branchleta, 
petioles,  and  corymbs  are  often  puberuloua,  and  the  under  surfaces 
uf  the  leaves  are  more  or  leas  villoae,  particularly  along  the  niidriba 


Set.  Sor.  xvii.  pt.  ii.  11  [1901]).  A  few  hairs  can  occasioually  be 
found  on  the  corymbs  of  New  England  plants,  although  they  are 
generally  gUbrous. 


♦*r?- 


^1 


<.t  it 


I 


■'■     ■ 


i'' 


I 


•. 


; 


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W/m 

IH 

B 

m 

120 


SILVA   OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


ROSACEA 


calyx-lobes,  which  are  bright  red  toward  the  base  on  the  upper  side ;  the  flesh  is  thin,  yellow,  dry,  and 
mealy,  with  a  disagreeable  flavor.  The  nutlets  are  usually  three  in  number  and  are  light  chestnut- 
brown,  prominently  grooved  and  ridged  on  the  back,  with  broad  rounded  ridges,  and  about  a  quarter  of 
an  inch  long. 

Cratagus  ffolme.siana  grows  on  rich  moist  hillsides  and  the  borders  of  streams  and  swamps,  and 
is  easily  distinguished  by  its  pale  bark  and  the  distinctly  yellow  color  of  the  leaves,  and  in  eastern 
New  England  by  its  large  size.  It  is  distributed  from  the  neighborhood  of  Montreal  and  from 
southern  Ontario  to  the  coast  of  Maine,  central  and  western  Massachusetts,  western  New  York,  Rhode 
Island,  and  eastern  Pennsylvania,  being  perhaps  most  abundant  and  attaining  its  largest  size  on  the 
hills  of  Worcester  County,  Massachusetts.' 

This  handsome  tree  was  named  for  Joseph  Austin  Holmes,'  director  of  the  Geological  Survey  of 
North  Carolina. 


■  Cralftgm  Holmaiana  is  one  of  the  spceiei  which  fau  been  long 
confounded  with  Cratagui  coccinta  of  Linnsiu.  The  oldeit  ipeci- 
men  which  I  httie  wen  is  one  in  the  Gray  Herbarium,  without 
data  or  name  of  collector,  from  northern  New  Y"rk.  A  apecimeu 
collected  at  Harerhill,  Nc  Uampthire,  b;  Mr.  l.ilwin  Kaxun  in 
June,  1885,  led  to  the  inrciitigation  of  this  tree  in  New  Enghknd, 
and  ita  tubeequent  discovery  in  other  parts  of  the  country. 


'  Joseph  Austin  Holmes  (Xovember  28, 1859)  was  born  in  Lau- 
rens, South  Carolina,  where  he  received  his  early  education.  He 
was  graduated  from  Cornell  University  in  1881,  and  was  at  once 
appointed  professor  of  geology  and  natural  history  in  the  Univer- 
sity of  North  Carolina.  From  this  position  he  retired  in  1801  tn 
become  ilirector  of  the  geological  survey  of  that  state,  a  positiou 
which  he  still  fills. 


EXPLANATION  OF  THE   PLATE. 

Platk  DCLXXVL    Cbat.«our  Holmmiana. 

1.  A  flowering  branch,  natural  site. 

2.  Vertical  section  uf  a  flower,  enlarged. 

3.  A  calyx-lobe,  enlarged. 

4.  \  fruiting  branch,  natural  site. 

G.  Cross  section  of  a  fruit  showing  tlie  nutlets,  natural  size. 

6.  Vertical  section  of  a  fruit,  natural  size. 

7.  A  nutlet,  side  view,  enlai^ed. 

8.  A  nutlet,  rear  view,  enlarged. 


ROSACEA 


n,  yellow,  dry,  and 
ire  light  cllestnu^ 
about  a  quarter  of 

8  and  swamps,  and 
es,  and  in  eastern 
lontreal  and  from 
New  York,  Rhode 
argest  size  on  the 

ological  Survey  of 


18B9)  wa»  born  in  Uu- 
lis  early  education.  He 
n  1881,  and  was  at  once 
il  history  in  the  Univer- 
>n  he  retired  in  1891  to 
of  that  state,  a  position 


.ka;/* 


.MF 


laO  stir  A    OF  NORTH  AMERICA.  rohacilr 

'  ■-.  vfbich  *M»  hnght,  retl  tow.-wi  tho  Iwse  on  tlie  upper  side;  fho  flesh  is  thin,  yellow,  dry.  .ind 

,     ,  ,1  '    "^  "c..*»*'"»W«   K«v<»f       fko   nttth'ts   are   usually  three  in  nunilMT  and  ^r«   light  clipstimt- 

^  ■  •-      ^    <i:yin\  und  fwiiifwi  .>ii  the  baek,  with  broad  round<>d  ridj^us,  and  .'iIkmiI  a  'iiiiirttT  of 

'  h  moist  hillsides  nud  the  horderc  of  slrwtm*  niid  'twaiiins,  and 

li'd   the  disliiK'tly  yellow  color  of  tht<  le«vt>o   .iii.i   m  i-a,stt?rn 

iliutrihute*!  from   the   neighhorhood    of  M<>iitit>ni  and   I'ruin 

'    'Xiitral  and  western  Massnchusetts.  weKterii  Sfw  V<>»k,  Rlinde 

,'  j-ii,  perhaps  most  abundant  and  attaining  iix  >ni-"<--i     '•-,•  nii  tlio 

.  i    fur  Joseph  Atutiu  Holmes,'  director  of  the  tii-.    .v^-ri-a;  "Mirvey  of 


..     t'^-  .y*  wtiitih  has  ht^ti  long 

'   '.i  an*  Mk  lite  \ir%y  lUrbAnum,  withiHit 

■.  hmu  wutlim  .N«w  York.     .\  ■pecmicn 

^vw  il*int»A<M,  hj  Mr.  Eilwiti  Katun  in 

w    :>ini«li(Bt>o«i  ot  thw  Itwi  iu  New  Kn|;Uo(i, 


'  Jowph  Austin  ITulint^i  (XovpiuW* 
r«ui,  South  C'«n»hiia,  whtT*  hu  rwt-?- ^i- 
WM  ^raituateil  frnni  Coriit'll  rnivofixi , 
appointed  proTcasor  of  giiutu|^j  and  utkt** 
«ity  o(  North  Carolina.  From  this  j-m*»  !■ 
iN^corae  iitrGct*jr  t»f  the  g*oli'gical  lo<:-^■■ 
which  he  utill  fills. 


.  I. «,•... 

■ivor- 

-dj  t,. 


1 


. 


\- lAwrr.iN  Of  Till':  I'Latk. 

:  %  X  'i  >     Cit*r.«<>iii)  M0LHF.8IAKA. 
■  '     .-niargeil. 

it    nalttral  »ts«. 
fruit  «hii*ini;  ilk«  iiutUiU,  natural  site.   , 
.     ^-     .    i  froit.  iiaiiir«l  »iie. 

7.  A  ttaUst,  oiil*  r'ww,  vnlsD^I. 

8.  A  nullci.  i'«ar  view.  siklvgnL 


i 


Mi 


Vfllow,  dry,  ai,^ 
I.'  tight  ohpsfimt- 
l«»»it.  ii  i|uivrtir  of 


(••jip»xii  >>urvcv  of 


Suva  of  Nortli  America 


Tah  DCLXXVl 


C  K  FatTiin  J^ 


lareaud  . 


CRAT^GUS  HOLMESlANA.Ashe 


.Y  .Vi*  .  r,«*f '  ./ir/\r  * 


Imf  ,  ^  7}ift^ur  Parur 


IJ 


HOSACB& 


aiLVA   OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


121 


ORAT-fflQUS  PEDIOELLATA. 


Haw. 


Stamens  usually  10 ;  anthers  rose  color.  Leaves  broadly  ovate  or  oval,  dark  green, 
and  scabrous  above. 

Oratoena  pedioellsta,  Sargent,  Bot.  Qaxette,  zzxi.  226  (1901). 

A  tree,  eighteen  or  twenty  feet  in  height,  with  a  tall  trunk  sometimes  a  foot  in  diameter  covered 
with  close  red-brown  scaly  bark,  and  comparatively  slender  elongated  ascending  or  spreading  branches 
which  form  a  broad  handsome  symmetrical  head.  The  branchlets  arp  thin,  somewhat  zigzag,  marked 
by  numerous  small  pale  lenticels,  and  armed  with  straight  or  slightly  curved  shining  chestnut-brown 
spines  from  an  inch  and  a  half  to  two  inches  in  length ;  when  they  first  appear  they  are  dark  chestnut- 
brown  and  slightly  villose,  and  during  their  first  season  become  very  lustrous,  and  Fsby  gray  in  their 
second  year.  The  winter-buds  are  nearly  globose,  bright  red,  and  an  eighth  of  an  inch  i.  diameter. 
The  leaves  are  broadly  ovate  or  occasionally  obovate  or  rho- boidal,  acute  or  acuminate,  broadly 
cuneate  or  rounded,  and  on  vigorous  leading  shoots  sometimes  truncate  or  sUghtly  cordate  at  the  base, 
divided  above  the  middle  into  four  or  five  pairs  of  short  acute  or  acuminate  lobes  and  coarsely  and 
often  doubly  serrate,  except  toward  the  base,  with  spreading  glandular  teeth;  in  early  spring  they 
are  roughened  above  by  short  rigid  pale  hairs  and  are  glabrous  below,  and  at  maturity  they  are  mem- 
branaceous, dark  rich  green  and  scabrous  on  the  upper  surface  and  pale  on  the  lower  surface,  from  three 
to  four  inches  long  and  from  two  to  three  inches  wide,  with  slender  midribs  only  slightly  impressed 
above  and  thin  remote  primary  veins  arching  to  the  points  of  the  lobes ;  they  are  borne  on  slender 
slightly  grooved  nearly  terete  petioles  which  are  glandular,  with  obscure  scattered  minute  dark  glands, 
at  first  villose,  ultimately  glabrous,  and  from  an  inch  and  a  half  to  two  inches  and  a  half  in  length. 
The  stipules  on  vigorous  shoots  are  strongly  falcate,  stipitate,  coarsely  glandiilai^serrate,  and  one  third 
of  an  inch  long.  The  flowers,  which  open  during  the  last  week  in  May  when  the  leaves  are  nearly  two 
thirds  grown,  are  half  an  inch  in  diameter  and  are  borne  on  thin  pedicels,  in  loose  lax  many-flowered 
slender-branched  sUghtly  villose  corymbs,  with  lanceolate  glandular  caducous  bracts  and  bractlets.  The 
calyx-tube  is  narrowly  obconic  and  glabrous,  and  the  lobes  are  broad,  acute,  very  coarsely  glandular- 
serrate,  and  reflexed  after  the  flowers  open.  There  are  usually  ten  stamens  with  elongated  filaments 
and  rose-colored  anthers,  and  five  styl.*}  surrounded  at  the  base  by  a  conspicuous  ring  of  pale  tomentum. 
The  fruit,  which  mostly  falls  before  the  end  of  September,  hangs  in  few-fruited  drooping  glabrous 
clusters,  on  slender  pedicels  generally  about  three  quarters  of  an  inch  in  length ;  pyriform  until  nearly 
fully  grown,  it  is  oblong  when  ripe,  full  and  rounded  at  the  ends,  bright  scarlet,  lustrous,  marked  by 
numerous  small  dark  dots,  three  quarters  of  an  inch  long,  and  from  one  half  to  five  eighths  of  an 
inch  thick ;  the  calyx-cavity  is  broad  and  deep  and  the  lobes  are  much  enlarged,  coarsely  serrate,  and 
usually  erect  and  incurved  ;  the  flesh  is  pale,  thin,  dry,  and  mealy.  The  five  nutlets  are  rounded  and 
deeply  grooved  on  the  back  and  about  one  third  of  an  inch  in  length. 

CrntcKjHK  pedkellnta  is  not  rare  in  the  neighborhood  of  Rochester,  New  York,  where  it  was  first 
distinguished  in  1899  by  Mr.  John  Dunbar." 


*  tfohn  Dunbar  (ihiiie  4, 1850)  wiui  born  in  tbe  parish  of  Uaft'unl, 
KlginRhiro,  Scotland,  and  waa  bred  a  f^ardener  Hntt  in  tbo  frardena 
of  Sir  William  Gordon  Cuinniinfif  at  Altyn*  in  hia  native  parish, 
which  he  entered  when  he  wan  seventeen  years  old,  and  then  on 


several  large  estates  in  England.  Coming  to  the  United  States 
in  1887,  be  found  employment  in  the  garden  of  Mr.  Charles  A, 
Dana  at  Dosoris  on  T,ong  Island,  where  he  had  an  excellent  oppor- 
tunity to  become  familiur  with  the  trees  and  shrubs  which  grow 


i  i 


122 


SILVA   OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


ROSACEA 


in  the  ootth  Atkntio  itelM.     Tbia  koowltdge  b«  bu  turned  to  During  the  l«it  three  je  m  Mr.  Duobtr  hu  euefnll;  itudied  the 

good  aooount  in  Rocheeter,  where  he  i*  now  utittant  •uperin-  numenHU  ipeniee  of  Crml  >gui  which  abound  nnar  Roohrater  in  the 

tendent  of  the  city  park*,  and  ha<  charge  of  the  Pinetnm  and  the  valley  of  the  Geneaee  Itirer,  wbeie  be  bai  Snt  diatinguiihed  a 

large  thrub  ooUaetion  in  Uigbland  Park.  number  of  iutereiting  fornu. 


EXPLANATION  OF  THE  PLATE. 


PlATB    DCLXXVn.      CR.4T«0UH   PBniCFXLATA. 

1.  A  flowering  branch,  natural  size. 

2.  Vertical  section  of  a  flower,  enlarged. 

3.  A  calyx-lobe,  enlarged. 

4.  A  fruiting  branch,  natural  site. 

5.  Vertical  section  of  a  fruit,  enlarged. 

6.  CroM  section  of  a  fruit  showing  the  nntlets,  natural  size. 

7.  A  nutlet,  enlarged. 


ROSACEA 

liMouefallyitudiedlli, 
d  nuar  Roohmter  in  the 
M  ant  dutingiiished  > 


!  ',11  AmoriCi 


':   il 


"■■"ir 


'\v 


;dicellat 


U  r 


M  i&! 


A'i/,r.4    (;/    SOUTH  AMElilCA. 


\n 

*  Ik*  awilt   AUmMm  MMm.       I>iii  knowMi:*  U  W   -.artMd  t«  Oiiring  thi>  lui  tlinw  ^mu*  Mr  Danbat  *«. 

(■■4  ■  !••  «■»  ••  MaikMiar,  alwra   bo   ■•    ».>«    iim-mmh   wparin-  iiuinrrcnu  •|><>rio  of  Cntaif^i  alut'li  atiuNMi    . 

"«■'«"  «r  da  «>7  pMka,  (mI  hu  tUrg*  >4  tin-  I  orMm  uid  tko  Ttlky  nf  lh.<  !•■  upsvt-  Uinr.  »bM«  he  k<M  r. 

•"■■^Jl*  "**»*  •«ito«W«»  in  UlgUMri  I^mIl  DUPilMr  o/  laUratCiuK  (uriiuk 


11 


•      n.ASATION   OK  THE   PLATK. 

.  •    I    XXVII.       C'RAT.WlI'd    PltI>I(ei,l.*TA. 

t  *■>  'mi(j  lirnni'li,  natural  «in<. 
.^     ^'^H*  nl  Mrlion  tif  *  Hiiwer,  entai-ged. 
.iyi-lul*.  rnUrgvd. 

..  :'ruilin|{  bnuich,  iiMarsI  iCive. 
ft    VwiWiil  •nrtixn  of  »  '  m:.  -  iiarge<l. 
fi    CroM  Mrtior        >  f  •  lit  >hoiring  thu  nntlvU,  natural  lixe. 
•     A  nutlet,  an. 


Silva  of  Ncrlh  Amencd 


Tib.DCLXX/l! 


Za^UUid.  . 


CRATAEGUS    PEDICELLATA    Sar«. 


A  /UtMV/St.!^   i/ut'.f  ' 


Imp. ,  ■'.  Tafi*H*r,  Pafif. 


Vi 


ii;l 


I  ■? 


f  " 

^       » 

'^  ■ 

:':  .       \ 

f: 

I 

;       >■ 

,!i 

,                   •              ■ 

M 

:    k.i 

it 

;  rfcy; 

j! 

!!=fe 

ik 

y.;  . 

ROOACKA 


8ILVA   OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


123 


ORATiBOUB  SOABRIDA. 


Haw. 


Stamens  usually  10;  anthers  dark  red-purple.  Leaves  oval  to  oblong-obovate, 
acuminate,  thick  and  firm,  dark  green  and  scabrous  above. 

Oratagus  aoabrida,  Sargtnt,  Rhodora,  iii.  29 ;  76  (1901). 

A  tree,  from  fifteen  to  twenty  feet  in  height,  with  a  short  trunk  six  or  eight  inches  in  diameter 
covered  with  lustrous  pale  gray-brown  bark  broken  into  large  thin  plate-like  scales,  and  horizontal 
branches  which  form  a  broad  round-topped  head ;  or  often  shrubby,  with  numerous  small  stems.  The 
branchlets  are  stout,  somewhat  zigzag,  glabrous,  marked  by  oblong  pale  lenticels,  and  armed  with 
slender  straight  or  slightly  curved  light  chestnut-brown  spines  from  an  inch  and  a  half  to  two  inches  in 
length ;  dark  orange-green  when  they  first  appear,  they  become  dark  chestnut-brown  or  orange-brown 
and  lustrous  before  midsummer,  and  mostly  ashy  gray  during  their  second  year.  The  leaves  vary  from 
oial  to  oblong-obovate,  and  are  acuminate,  gradually  narrowed  from  near  the  middle  to  the  cuneate 
entire  base,  irregularly  and  often  doubly  glandular  serrate  above,  and  usually  divided,  generally  only 
above  the  middle,  into  several  short  acute  or  acuminate  lobes ;  glabrous  below  and  coated  above  with 
short  soft  pale  hairs  when  the  flowers  open  at  the  end  of  May,  when  they  are  about  half  grown,  the 
leaves  are  thick  and  firm  in  texture  at  maturity,  dark  green  and  scabrous  on  the  upper  surface,  pale 
yellow-green  on  the  lower  surface,  from  two  to  three  inches  long  and  from  an  inch  and  a  half  to  two 
inches  wide,  with  slender  midribs  deeply  impressed  above  and  often  more  or  less  tinged  with  red  below, 
particularly  on  vigorous  shoots,  and  four  or  five  pairs  of  thin  prominent  primary  veins  running  to  the 
points  of  the  lobes ;  they  are  borne  on  slender  grooved  petioles  which  are  sometimes  glandular,  often 
slightly  winged  toward  the  apex,  glabrous  or  occasionally  villose,  and  from  one  half  to  three  quarters 
of  an  inch  in  length.  The  stipules  are  linear,  acuminate,  and  caducous.  The  flowers  are  three  quarters 
of  an  inch  in  diameter,  and  are  produced  on  slender  elongated  pedicels,  in  loose  broad  many-flowered 
thin-branched  glabrous  or  somewhat  villose  corymbs,  with  linear  acute  glandular-serrate  bracts  and  bract- 
lets.  Tho  calyx-tube  is  narrowly  obconic  and  glabrous,  and  the  lobes  are  linear-lanceolate,  acuminate, 
finely  glandular-serrate,  and  reflexed  and  bright  red  at  the  tips  after  the  flowers  open.  There  are 
usually  ten  or  rarely  from  five  to  ten  stamens  with  slender  filaments  and  small  dark  red-purple  anthers, 
and  two  or  three  styles  surrounded  at  the  base  by  a  thick  ring  of  pale  tomentuni.  The  fruit  hangs 
in  loose  drooping  many-fruited  clusters,  on  long  thin  pedicels,  and  ripens  and  mostly  falls  from  the 
middle  to  the  end  of  September ;  it  is  subglobose  or  short-oblong,  full  and  rounded  at  the  ends,  and  is 
usually  about  an  inch  long ;  the  calyx-cavity  is  broad  and  shallow,  and  generally  only  the  bases  of  the 
elongated  reflexed  lobes  are  found  on  the  ripe  fruit ;  the  flesh  is  thick,  dry,  and  mealy.  The  two  or 
three  nutlets  are  thick,  rounded  and  prominently  ridged  on  the  back,  and  a  third  of  an  inch  in  length. 

Cratagus  scabrida  inhabits  limestone  ridges  and  is  distributed  from  the  neighborhood  of  Mon- 
treal '  to  southwestern  Vermont  and  southwestern  New  Hampshire.  Of  the  specimens  of  this  species 
which  I  have  seen  the  first  was  collected  by  Mr.  J.  G.  Jack  in  August,  1899,  at  the  village  of  Caughna- 
waga  in  the  Province  of  Quebec. 


(1 


B!   i 


'  The  gpeoimeiu  collected  by  Mr.  Jack  at  aevenl  pointa  oppoeite 
Luhine  od  the  St.  Lawrence  are  slightly  pubeMent  on  the  young 


petioles  and  corymbs,  but  do  not  otherwise  appear  to  differ  from 
the  Vermont  and  New  Hampshiro  trees. 


-UBMimiijiS 


: 


M 


I 


EXPLANATION  OF  THK   PLATE. 


I'LATK    UCLXXVIII.      CkaT.SOUH  »CAJ(KII>A. 

1.  A  Howering  lintnch,  natunl  tiu. 

'2.  Vtitieal  aectiun  of  ■  Hower,  enUrgtd. 

•<.  A  eal}rx-lob«,  enUrgul. 

4.  A  fruiting  lirinch.  nstural  tiia. 

r>.  Vertical  wction  of  a  fruit,  natural  •it*. 

fi.  CroM  Kction  of  a  fruit,  natural  iiie. 

I '  A  nutlet,  tide  view,  i-nlarge<l. 

8.  A  nutlet,  rear  view,  enlarged. 


.    Hor'li  Aiimn   » 


ki^ 


^    ^  I 


r.RAT/ECUS    SCABRIDA 


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RXPLANATION   OK  TltK    PLATE. 

l't.i»Tl     ilLXXVIlI.       CkaTKoIM   SCAHKIDA. 

I     V  t!t.w*.nii^  )>rancli,  natunj  nite. 

i-ue»i  iwction  uf  ■  riowcr,  enWgwl. 

^  t)r»iich,  natiir&I  sire. 
■     Vei'iw*!  Mtrtiim  nf  H  friiit.  natural  mil:*. 

'■    r.-««  „,...,  ,,    ..-  „  f„,,,,  imtural  site. 
-Wiirjjetl. 
■      ■'  ■  •     ••ilargeii. 


^ 


I 


m 

I 

M 


>f 


Silva  of  North  America. 


Tab.DCLXXVm 


^     4)     I 


Ci^Faoion  <Js/ 


£(U-U2ud  ^ 


CRAT/EGUS    SCABRIDA  :ar«, 


A  Hw.-reiut  .ltrt*a'^ 


/fnf>  . '  Tmt^ur  I\xrur 


ROSAC 


dull 


dianu 
open 
armei 
halfi 
in  th( 
rarelj 
and  I 
brigh 
acute 
are  t 
on  th 
abovi 
yellc 
exten 
what 
from 
'a  le 
broa( 
and  I 
in  ni 
glani 
the  1 
aft«r 
and  J 
in  er 
grow 
Iu8tr 
calyj 
8prea 

and  ; 

slouf 


ROSACEA 


8ILVA   OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


125 


ORAT^QUS  LUCORXTM. 


Red  Haw. 


Stamens  20 ;  anthers  dark  purple.    Leaves  broadly  ovate  to  oval,  membranaceous, 
dull  dark  green. 

Orataegua  luoorum,  Sugent,  Sot.  Chuette,  xxxi.  227  (1901). 

A  tree,  from  twenty  to  twenty-five  feet  in  height,  with  a  tall  straight  stem  six  or  eight  inches  in 
diameter  covered  with  close  dark  red-brown  bark,  and  slender  ascending  branches  forming  a  narrow 
open  head.  The  branchlets  are  thin,  zigzag,  marked  by  many  oblong  pale  lenticels,  and  occasionally 
armed  with  straight  or  slightly  curved  bright  reu-brown  lustrous  spines  from  an  inch  to  an  inch  and  a 
half  in  length ;  dark  green  and  somewhat  villose  when  they  first  appear,  they  become  dull  orange-brown 
in  their  first  summer,  and  ultimately  dark  gray-brown.  The  leaves  vary  from  broad-ovate  to  obovate  or 
rarely  to  oval,  and  are  acute  or  acuminate  at  the  apex,  gradually  narrowed  and  broadly  cuneate  or  full 
and  rounded  at  the  entire  base,  coarsely  serrate  above,  with  straight  teeth  tipped  with  large  persistent 
bright  red  finally  dark  glands,  and  deeply  divided  above  the  middle  into  three  or  four  pairs  of  wide 
acute  or  acuminate  lobes ;  in  early  May  when  the  flowers  open  they  are  more  than  one  third  grown  and 
are  then  light  yeUow-bronze  color,  covered  on  the  upper  surface  with  short  soft  pale  hairs  and  glabrous 
on  the  lower  surface,  and  in  the  autumn  they  are  membranaceous,  smooth,  dark  dull  green  and  glabrous 
above,  pale  yellow-green  below,  about  two  inches  long  and  an  inch  and  a  quarter  wide,  with  (^lender 
yellow  midribs  only  slightly  impressed  on  the  upper  side  and  three  or  four  pairs  of  thin  primary  veins 
extending  obliquely  to  the  points  of  the  lobes ;  they  are  borne  on  slender  glandular  petioles  often  some- 
what winged  toward  the  apex  and  from  an  inch  to  an  inch  and  a  half  in  length.  The  stipules  vary 
from  linear-lanceolate  to  oblanceolate  and  are  glaudular-serrate,  from  one  quarter  to  one  half  ot  an  inch 
a  length,  and  caducous.  On  leading  vigorous  shoots  the  leaves  are  usually  ovate  and  rounded  at  the 
broad  base,  more  deeply  lobed  than  the  leaves  of  fertile  branchlets,  and  sometimes  three  inches  long 
and  broad.  The  flowers  are  three  quarters  of  an  inch  in  diameter  and  are  produced  on  thin  pedicels, 
in  narrow  compact  few-flowered  tbin-brauched  small  villose  corymbs,  with  narrow  acuminate  finely 
glandular-serrate  caducous  bracts  and  bractlets.  The  calyx-tube  is  broadly  obconic  and  glabrous,  and 
the  lobes  are  narrow,  acuminate  coarsely  glandular-serrate,  villose  on  the  upper  surface,  and  reflexed 
after  the  flowers  open.  There  are  twenty  stamens  with  slender  filaments  and  small  dark  purple  anthers, 
and  four  or  five  styles.  The  fruit,  which  lipens  about  the  middle  of  September  and  soon  falls,  is  borne 
iu  erect  few-fruited  slightly  villose  clusters,  on  short  stout  pedicels ;  it  is  pear-shaped  until  nearly  fully 
grown,  and  at  maturity  it  is  oblong  or  somewhat  obovate,  full  and  rounded  at  the  ends,  crimson, 
lustrous,  marked  by  small  pale  dots,  and  from  one  half  to  five  eighths  of  an  inch  in  length ;  the 
calyx-cavity  is  deep  but  narrow  and  the  lobes  are  elongated,  coarsely  glandular-serrate,  villose  above, 
spreading  and  closely  appressed,  and  often  deciduous  before  the  fruit  ripens ;  the  flesh  is  thick,  yellow, 
dry,  and  mealy.  The  four  or  five  nutlets  are  thin,  rounded  and  sometimes  obscurely  ridged  on  the  back, 
and  about  a  quarter  of  an  inch  long. 

Cratcegus  liicorum  grows  in  rich  moist  soil  along  the  margins  of  Oak  groves  on  the  banks  of 
sloughs  near  Barrington,  Illinois,  and  was  probably  first  collected  iu  May,  1899,  by  Mr.  E.  J.  Hill. 


i'l 


! 


1:1 


I 


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EXPLANATION  OF  THE   PLATE. 

PtATB    DCLXXIX.      CilAT.«OUg   LUCOBUM. 

1.  A  flowering  branch,  natural  siie. 

".  Vertical  .lection  of  a  flowei ,  enlarged. 

3.  A  calyx-lobe,  enlarged. 

4.  A  fruiting  branch,  natural  size. 

f>.  CroM  section  of  a  fruit,  natural  size. 

6.  A  nutlet,  rear  view,  enlarged. 

7.  A  nutlet,  side  view,  enUrged. 


1 

1 

5 

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I 


VXPLANAT.'ON  OF  THE   IM,ATE. 


•     iCLVXtX.     CaiT  Eiitra  lcuordh. 

I.  A  fl.>v»»rinB  tiramrh.  natural  siie. 

'-'  V»itJ«iJ  wt^ion  f.f  a  Hower,  oiilarged. 

J  A  trtnlifig  finuieJj,  nabirnl  the. 

5  Cftm*  mtium  .if  i  fruit,  iiuunJ  jiio. 

'".  A  Hatlri.  r*w  ■iivw.  onUu^isd. 

7.  A  Butlat,  miJe  «ie«r,  (mlasged. 


f!    ■ 


.>i 

'  • '  i  < 

-  jj 

iii 

Silvd  of  Ni  iih   America 


T^tDCLXX'.X 


:t  hi 


A 


(J  D 


'  f  .^h.rvn  ..W 


CRAT/EGUS    LUCORUM    '^vb 


.■t  f^it'rffUt.i-'  i/tre.r 


Ini^t  J  TilfttHtr  Pan,' 


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ROHACKA 


8ILVA   OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


127 


ORATwSlOUS  LAOERA. 
Haw. 
Stamens  20 ;  anthers  rose  color.     Leaves  rhombic  to  broadly  ovate. 

Cratsegiia  laoera,  Sargent,  Bot.  OatetU,  xzxiii.  123  (1902). 

A  slender  tree,  from  twenty-five  to  thirty  feet  in  height,  with  a  tall  trunk  only  four  or  five  inches 
in  diameter  covered  with  pale  gray-brown  scaly  bark,  and  small  short  branches  forming  a  narrow  head. 
The  branchlets  are  slender,  slightly  zigzag,  marked  by  small  oblong  pale  lenticels,  and  armed  with  thb 
straight  bright  chestnut-brown  lustrous  spines  from  three  quarters  of  an  inch  to  an  inch  and  three 
quarters  in  length ;  when  they  first  appear  they  are  dark  ohve-green  and  villose,  becoming  light  red- 
brown  and  glabrous  during  their  first  summer,  and  ultimately  dull  Ught  gray.  The  leaves  vary  from 
rhombic  to  broadly  ovate  or  rarely  to  obovate,  and  are  acute  at  the  apex,  broadly  cuneate  and  entire  at 
the  base,  divided  above  the  middle  into  numerous  acute  lobes,  and  coarsely  and  often  doubly  serrate, 
with  straight  glandulr.r  teeth ;  coat«d  below  with  thick  hoary  tomentum  and  villose  above  when  they 
uufold,  they  are  nearly  fully  grown  when  the  flowers  open  about  the  twentieth  of  April,  and  are  then 
glabrous  on  the  lower  surface  and  covered  on  the  upper  surface  with  short  scattered  pale  hairs ;  and  at 
maturity  they  are  glabrous,  light  yellow-green,  paler  below  than  above,  thin  but  firm  in  texture,  about 
an  inch  and  a  half  long  and  an  inch  and  a  quarter  wide,  with  thin  yellow  midribs  and  few  remote 
primary  veins  only  slightly  impressed  on  the  upper  side ;  they  are  borne  on  slender  grooved  villose 
ultimately  glabrous  or  puberulous  petioles  slightly  winged  at  the  apex,  often  red  toward  the  base,  and 
from  one  quarter  to  one  third  of  an  inch  in  length.  The  stipules  are  linear,  acuminate,  villose,  and 
caducous.  On  vigorous  leading  shoots  the  leaves  are  broadly  ovate,  often  deeply  three-lobed,  very 
coarsely  serrate,  and  from  three  to  four  inches  long  and  broad,  with  lunate  long-pointed  coarsely  glan- 
dular-serrate villose  stipules  sometimes  a  qimrter  of  an  inch  in  length.  The  flowers  are  three  quarters 
of  an  inch  in  diameter,  and  are  produced  in  somewhat  vUlose  many-flowered  compound  corymbs,  with 
linear  caducous  bracts  and  bractlets.  The  calyx-tube  is  narrowly  ob^onic  and  gkbrous,  and  the  lobes 
are  linear  lanceolate,  elongated,  coarsely  glandular-Sf.'rrate,  glabrous  on  the  outer  surface,  villose  on  the 
inner  surface,  and  reflexei  after  the  flowers  open.  There  are  twenty  stamens  with  small  rose-colored 
anthers,  and  four  or  five  styles.  The  fruit,  which  ripens  toward  the  end  of  October,  is  borne  on  short 
stout  glabrous  pedicels,  in  erect  few-fruited  clusters ;  it  is  oblong,  full  and  rounded  at  the  ends,  bright 
cherry-red,  lustrous,  marked  by  occasional  large  dark  dots,  and  half  an  inch  long;  the  calyx-cavity 
is  broad  and  shallow,  and  the  lobes  are  small,  nearly  triangular,  villose  above,  spreading,  and  mostly 
deciduous  before  the  fruit  ripens  ;  the  flesh  is  thick  and.  oiotige  color.  The  nutlets,  which  vary  from 
three  to  five  in  number,  are  thin,  broad,  only  slightly  ridged  on  the  rounded  back,  light  brown,  and  five 
sixteenths  of  an  inch  in  length. 

Crntcegus  lacera  inhabits  the  low  rich  glades  between  the  rolling  hills  which  rise  above  the  bottoms 
uf  the  Red  River  near  Fulton,  Arkansas,  where  I  first  found  this  handsome  and  distinct  tree  on  the 
second  of  October,  1900. 


! 


-  .1 
.   ■  1 

.:.       '.   ■ 

M 

fi- 

EXPLANATION  OF  THE  PLATE. 

Pl^TE    I)CL\XX.      CkATjBOUK   I.ARKRA. 

1 .  A  flowrriiig  branch,  nmtursl  (ize. 

2.  Vertical  section  of  a  flower,  enlarged. 

3.  A  calyx-lobe,  enlarge<l. 

4.  A  fruiting  braneli,  natural  iize. 

6.  Vertical  section  of  a  fruit,  natural  site. 
0.  Cross  section  of  a  fruit,  natural  site. 

7.  A  nutlet,  aide  view,  enlarged. 

8.  A  nutlet,  renr  view,  enlarged. 

9.  The  end  of  a  vigorous  shoot,  natural  sine. 


i-'h  Amnn' 


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Sciences 
Corporation 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14S80 

(716)  S73-4.'i03 


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KXVl.ANATION  OF  THE   PLATE. 

l»i,j«  In  I,XSX-    Ck.*t«<jvh  laceka. 
t     A  ^)mriU)f  branch,  natural  size. 
i.'    S .!«)«»!  wetion  of  a  flower,  enlarged. 

4.  A  'nnurj;  tirttufh  naiiiral  tize. 

5.  Vrrticjtl  Mclioii  -if  h  fruit,  natural  iiiz«. 
fi    Crimt  tiMtiua  of  a  fruit,  oatura]  size. 

*     .(V  ftsrift.  «id«  »!«•«.  enlarged. 
K   .\  -  ■  X  t*'« ,  iMilarj^iH^. 

tt.    t  (!•  tu'iruua  ohoot,  natural  utte. 


!  i 


Silva  of 'Morth  America. 


Tab.DCLXXX. 


(IE  faaxjn  da/ 


Zartauxi  .10. 


CRAT/E.GUS    LACERA,Sar6. 

o 


A  HiocrtMiu:-  .y^yfu  ^ 


Tmp  .  7  lan^LT  Pari^ 


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BOeACEiK 


8ILVA   OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


129 


OBATiEGUS  PENTANDBA. 
Red  Haw. 


Stamens  usually  5 ;  anthers  dark  red-purple, 
dark  green  and  scabrous  above. 


Leaves  oval  to  ovate,  acuminate, 


OrataegUB  p«ntandra,  Sugant,  Rhodora,  iii.  26  (1901). 

A  tree,  rarely  more  than  fifteen  feet  in  height,  with  a  straight  trunk  five  or  six  inches  in  diameter 
covered  with  thin  bark  separating  into  papery  lustrous  pale  scales,  and  stout  branches  which  form  a  broad 
rather  open  head  irregular  in  outline.  The  branchlets  are  slender,  often  zigzag,  marked  by  large  pale 
lenticels,  and  armed  with  many  thick  straight  or  curved  bright  chestnut-brown  or  red-brown  spines 
from  an  inch  to  an  inch  and  a  half  in  length ;  when  they  first  appear  they  are  dark  yellow-green  and 
glabrous,  becoming  in  their  first  siunmer  bright  chestnut-brown  or  sometimes  light  orange-green  when 
the  shoots  have  grown  vigorously,  and  ashy  gray  in  their  second  year.  The  leaves  are  oval  or  ovate, 
acuminate,  broadly  cuneate  or  rarely  rounded  at  the  entire  base,  divided  above  the  middle  into  numerous 
short  acute  or  acuminate  lobes,  and  coarsely  and  often  doubly  serrate,  with  straight  or  incurved  teeth 
tipped  with  small  dark  glands ;  nearly  fully  grown  and  very  thin  when  the  flowers  open  at  the  end  of 
May,  at  maturity  they  are  membranaceous,  dark  green  and  roughened  above  with  short  rigid  pale  hairs, 
pale  and  glabrous  below,  from  two  inches  to  two  inches  and  a  half  long  and  from  an  inch  and  a  half 
to  two  inches  wide,  with  slender  yellow  midribs  and  thin  primary  veins  extending  to  the  points  of  the 
lobes  and  only  slightly  impressed  on  the  upper  side ;  they  are  borne  on  slender  grooved  petioles  often 
winged  toward  the  apex,  glandular,  with  minute  dark  glands,  and  usually  about  an  inch  long.  The 
stipules  are  linear,  glandular-serrate,  and  caducous.  On  vigorous  leading  shoots  the  leaves  are  more 
deeply  lobed  than  the  leaves  of  lateral  branchlets,  and  are  often  four  inches  long  and  three  inches 
wide,  and  their  stipules  are  foliaceous,  lunate,  very  coarsely  glandular-serrate,  and  oftep  half  an  inch  in 
length.  The  flowers  are  produced  on  elongated  slender  pedicels,  in  compact  compound  thin-branched 
few-flowered  glabrous  corymbs,  with  linear  or  oblong-obovate  acute  glandular  bright  red  bracts  and 
bractlets.  Th*'  calyx-tube  is  narrowly  obconic,  glabrous,  and  dark  red,  and  the  lobes  are  linear- 
lanceolate,  entire  or  finely  glandular-serrate,  and  reflexed  after  the  flowers  open.  There  are  usually 
five  but  occasionally  from  six  to  ten  stamens  with  slender  filaments  and  large  dark  red-purple  anthers, 
and  three  styles  surrounded  at  the  base  by  a  thin  ring  of  hoary  tomentum.  The  fruit,  which  ripens 
about  the  middle  of  September  and  soon  falls,  is  produced  in  drooping  narrow  clusters ;  it  is  oblong, 
fuU  and  rounded  at  the  ends,  dark  crimson,  lustrous,  marked  by  minute  pale  dots,  and  usually  about 
five  eighths  of  an  inch  long  and  half  an  inch  thick ;  the  calyx  is  enlarged  and  persistent,  with  elongated 
strongly  incurved  lobes  which  are  frequently  deciduous  before  the  fruit  ripens ;  the  flesh  is  yellow, 
thick,  dry,  and  mealy.  The  three  nutlets  are  thick,  with  broad  and  prominent  dorsal  ridges,  and  a 
third  of  an  inch  in  length. 

Cratcegua  pentandra  is  not  a  rare  inhabitant  of  low  hills  and  limestone  ridges  in  the  Champlain 
valley  of  Vermont,  where  it  is  distributed  from  Bennington  and  Rutland  to  Charlotte. 


; 


S    i. 


V, 


I 


EXPLANATION  OF  THE  PLATE 

Plats  DCLXXXI.    CaATMom  PwrrAXDmA. 

1.  A  flowering  brmneh,  natunl  size. 

2.  Vertical  section  of  a  flower,  enlarged. 

3.  A  calyx-lobe,  enlarged. 

4.  A  fruiting  branch,  natural  size. 

6,  Vertical  section  of  a  fniit,  natural  siie. 

6.  Cross  section  of  a  fruit,  natural  size. 

7.  A  nutlet,  side  view,  enlarged. 

8.  A  nutlet,  rear  view,  enlarged. 

9.  A  leaf  of  a  rigorous  shoot,  natural  size. 


Silva  of  North  Am«nr, 


•i^i        I y^'"         ' ,  -' 


7 

7 


7 


y 


■5!b8.- 


-^A 


it 


I 


li 


i  iw  m 

>i 

if 

>S  nj 

;    l 

■■{ 

)>ljB  hfl 

"<  V 

f' 

ROlACKiK 


aiLVA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


m 


ORAT^OnS  SILVIGOLA. 


Uaw. 


Stamens  10  ;  anthers  purple.     Leaves  ovate,  acute  or  acuminate,  membranaceous, 
yellow-green. 

Cratngus  aUviooU,  Brnwlla,  Bot.  OatetU,  xxfiiL  414  (1899).  —  Mohr,  Contra  U.  8.  Sat.  Herb.  vi.  649  (PlafU  L  "^  cf 

Alabama). 

A  tree,  sometimes  thirty  feet  in  height,  with  a  tall  straight  stem  six  or  eight  inches  in  diameter 
covered  with  i<h;:e  or  slightly  fissured  b^xk  broken  into  small  gray  or  red-brown  scales,  and  often  armed 
with  long  stout  branched  g^y  spines,  f  nJ  Mcending  or  spk-eading  branches  forming  a  narrow  irreg^uJar 
or  round-topped  head ;  or  on  the  dry  soil  of  upland  forests  usually  a  shrub  with  several  stems.  The 
branchlets  are  blende.',  nearly  straight;  marked  by  small  pale  lenticels,  and  armed  with  few  or  many 
thin  straight  or  somewhat  curved  bright  chestnut-brown  spines  from  an  inch  and  a  half  to  nearly  two 
inches  in  length ;  when  they  first  appear  they  are  dark  green  more  or  less  tinged  with  red  and  covered 
with  long  pale  scattered  white  hairs ;  soon  becoming  glabrous,  they  are  bright  red-brown  during  their 
first  year,  and  then  gradually  growing  lighter  colored  they  are  ultimately  ashy  gray.  The  leaves  are 
ovate,  acute  or  acuminate  at  the  apex,  full  and  rounded  at  the  entire  base,  sharply  and  often  doubly 
serrate,  with  gland-tipped  teeth,  and  slightly  and  irregularly  divided  into  short  acute  lateral  lobes ;  when 
they  unfold  they  are  dark  red  and  coated  with  short  sjft  pale  hairs  which  are  most  abundant  on  the 
upper  surface,  and  t^re  about  half  grown  when  the  flowers  open  at  the  end  of  April,  when  they  are 
nearly  glabrous,  and  in  the  autumn  they  are  thin,  dark  yellow-green  and  smooth  or  scabrous  above,  pale 
and  glabrous  below  or  occasionally  villose  along  the  under  side  of  the  slender  midribs  and  three  or 
four  pairs  of  thin  primary  veins  extending  to  the  points  of  the  lobes,  about  two  inches  long  and  from  an 
inch  and  a  half  to  an  inch  and  three  quarters  wide ;  they  are  borne  on  very  slender  grooved  glandular 
petioles  fhich  are  about  an  inch  in  length.'  The  stipules  are  narrow,  acuminate,  straight  or  falcate, 
conspicuously  glandular-serrate,  and  bright  red  Uhe  the  inner  bud-scales.  On  vigorous  leading  shoots 
the  leaves  are  often  deltoid  and  truncate  or  slightly  cordate  at  the  base,  more  coarsely  serrate  and 
more  deeply  lobed  than  the  leaves  of  lateral  branchlets,  and  frequently  two  inches  and  a  half  long  and 
broad.  The  flowers  are  about  three  quarters  of  an  inch  in  diameter,  and  are  produced  on  slender 
pedicels,  in  compact  few-flowered  thin-branched  compound  glabrous  corymbs,  with  linear  glandular 
caducous  bright  red  bracts  and  bractlets.  The  calyx-tube  is  narrowly  obconic  and  glabrous,  and  the 
lobes  are  gradually  narrowed,  acuminate,  glabrous,  and  entire  or  glandular-serrate.  There  are  ten 
stamens  with  long  filaments  and  large  purple  anthers,  and  from  three  to  five  styles  surrounded  at 
the  base  by  a  narrow  ring  of  short  pale  hairs.  The  fruit,  which  ripens  late  in  September  and  soon 
falls,  is  borne  on  short  pedicels,  in  erect  few-fruited  clusters,  and  is  subglobose  but  often  a  little 
broader  than  it  is  long,  red  or  greenish  yellow  with  a  rosy  cheek,  and  about  half  an  inch  in  diameter, 
Tvith  a  broad  shallow  calyx-cavity  and  spreading  calyx-lobes  which  usually  disappear  before  the  fruit 
ripens ;  the  flesh  is  thin,  yellow,  dry,  and  mealy.  The  nutlets  vary  from  three  to  five  in  number,  and 
are  thick,  prominently  ridged  and  grooved  on  the  back,  with  a  high  broad  ridge,  and  about  a  quarter 
of  an  inch  in  length. 

Cratagiis  gilvicola  is  common  in  the  low  moist  flat  woods  of  northern  Alabama  and  northwestern 

'  Mr.  C.  D.  Bctdle  hu  obferred  that  the  leaves  from  the  lower  branches  and  of  young  planta  Are  much  rougbei  to  the  touch  than  the 
leares  (rom  upper  branches  and  of  large  and  o'd  trees. 


■    ;l 


K 


132 


SILVA   OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


RONArti. 


and  oeDtnl  Ooorgik,  and  ia  ocoaiionally  found  in  the  drier  uplanda  of  the  lurronnding  country,    h 
waa  flrat  ooUaoted  near  Dalton,  Georgia,  in  Blay,  1899,  by  Mi.  F.  E.  Boynton. 


EXPLANATION  OF  THE  PLATE. 

Platr  DCLXXXn.    CiuTiaoui  fibncoLA. 
1.  A  flowtring  branch,  natural  siu. 
3.  Vcrtieal  wetion  of  a  flowar,  enlargtd. 

3.  A  oaljn-loba,  anlarKml. 

4.  A  fruiting  branch,  natural  lita. 

5.  Cnm  iMtion  of  a  fruit,  natural  iiia, 

6.  A  nutlat,  raar  riew,  tnlargml. 

7.  A  natlat,  lida  Tiaw,  enlargad. 


-  '-.j^missL-^- 


ROHACLI. 

iding  country.    It 


Silv*  of  Hoith  Am»n   * 


■,RAT/EGU5   5ILVIC0LA 


^         <l^    i 


ii 


I II 

i'  ii 


BII.VA    OF  NORTH   AMERJVA. 


W»ki  r 


m4  Matnl  OttoripA,  uwi  m  occaaioaaiij  UmaA  in  th«  dri«r  upLinJii  of  ik*  nurrounding  ooontrj. 
wr«  Ant  ouUMtod  mw  IMIpb,  0«of|w.  w  Ibjr,  IHfKI,  by  Mr.  F.  F..  Ootntua. 


Kti'iaNATION  OK  THK   TLATK. 

Fl.*r*    IV'I.XXXIt       f'llAT«(lUll  IILVICOf^. 
I.  A  tl<i*»nii|{  liranrh,  nittunl  liM. 
S>  V*fti«»l  nmtion  n(  A  ll(i»«r,  rnUiywl. 
S.  A  «aljr<-l(ili«,  oiilnrKril. 
4.  A  (niitmf  hnineh.  iiktonl  lii*. 
A.  CroM  Mirtinn  n(  a  rriiit,  liktural  tii*. 
A.   A  iiiilldt,  r»u  viuw,  enl»rx«l 
I .  A  nntUt.  lUi*  tmw,  •nIargeU. 


l^ilvA  of  North  Am«nca 


,*i.Vl2*A7'»  .;SV 


CRAT/EGUS  SILVICOLA  Dead. 


T«b  DCLXXXll 


Hi  i 


Mortnuii.  J-iy . 


A  Hircrrtuv  Jtrr^^y . 


Imp. .  K  r.tn  ^t,  *",  f'tri-r. 


\\ 


f\ 


a  ( 


!  J 


II 


1 


'. ' 

■r 

i  •■'■ 

'fi- 

■|   ;• 

ir  i 

}    '  i 

1 

■  i 

■  i. 

-  ■',' 

V 

VOSACEJE. 


8ILVA   OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


133 


GRAT^OUS  COOCINEA. 
Red  Haw. 


Stamens  10 ;  anthers  pale  yellow, 
green,  and  lustrous. 


Leaves  elliptical  to  obovate,  coriaceous,  dark 


CratCBgua  ooooinea,  Liinnwii,  Spee.  i.  476  (1763).  —  Sugent,  Bot.  Oatette,  xzxi.  11. 

A  bushy  tree,  occasionally  twenty  feet  in  height,  with  a  short  trunk  eight  or  ten  inches  in 
diameter  covered  with  dark  red-brown  scaly  bark,  and  stout  ascending  branches  forming  a  broad 
round-topped  symmetrical  head ;  or  often  a  shrub  with  many  intricately  branched  stems  spreading  into 
broad  thickets.  The  branchlets  are  slender,  straight  or  somewhat  zigzag,  marked  by  oblong  pale  lenti- 
cels  and  armed  with  numerous  stout  straight  or  sUghtly  cuirved  chestnut-brown  lustrous  spines  from  an 
inch  to  an  inch  and  a  half  in  length ;  when  they  first  appear  they  are  light  green  and  covered  with 
long  matted  pale  hairs,  and  soon  becoming  glabrous  they  are  bright  red-brown  and  lustrous  during 
their  first  year,  and  ultimately  ashy  gray.  The  leaves  are  elliptical  or  obovate,  acute  or  acuminate  at 
the  apex,  gradually  '^arrowed  from  above  the  middle  to  the  cuneate  and  entire  base,  finely  and  often 
doubly  serrate  above,  with  incurved  or  straight  teeth  tipped  with  minute  dark  glands,  and  divided 
above  the  middle  into  several  short  acute  lateral  lobes  ;  when  the  flowers  open  at  the  end  of  May 
the  leaves  are  about  half  gprown,  and  are  then  membranaceous,  light  yellow-green,  covered  on  the 
upper  surface  with  soft  pale  hairs  and  pubescent  along  the  under  side  of  the  thin  midribs  and  four 
or  five  pairs  of  arcuate  primary  veins  extending  to  the  points  of  the  lobes  ;  and  in  the  autumn  they 
are  coriaceous,  dark  green,  smooth  and  very  lustrous  on  the  upper  surface,  paler  and  rarely  pilose 
on  the  veins  below,  from  an  inch  and  a  half  to  two  inches  long  and  from  an  inch  to  an  inch  and  a 
half  wide ;  they  are  borne  on  slender  glandular  petioles  slightly  winged  at  the  apex  by  the  decurrent 
leaf-blades,  villose  at  first  but  usually  glabrous  before  the  autumn,  often  dark  red  toward  the  base,  and 
from  three  quarters  of  an  inch  to  an  inch  long.  The  stipules  vary  from  lanceolate  to  oblanceolate, 
and  are  straight  or  falcate,  conspicuously  glandular-serrate,  with  dark  red  glands,  and  from  one  half  to 
three  quarters  of  an  inch  in  length.  On  vigorous  leading  shoots  the  leaves  are  oblongovate,  oval  or 
often  nearly  orbicular,  more  deeply  lobed  than  the  leaves  of  lateral  branchlets,  and  frequently  from 
two  inches  and  a  half  to  three  inches  long.  The  flowers  vary  from  one  half  to  three  quarters  of 
an  inch  in  diameter,  and  are  produced  on  slender  pedicels,  in  broad  loose  comrou.id  thin-branched 
many-flowered  villose  or  toinentose  corymbs,  with  linear'anceolate  coarsely  glan;'/-;  serrate  caducous 
bracts  and  bractlets.  The  calyx-tube  is  broadly  obconic  and  tomentose  or  villose,  and  the  lobes  are 
gradually  narrowed  from  broad  bases,  acute,  coarsely  glandular-serrate,  glabrous  or  villose,  and  often 
bright  red  toward  the  apex.  There  are  ten  stamens  with  slender  filaments  and  small  pale  yellow 
anthers,  and  three  or  four  styles.  The  fruit  ripens  and  falls  late  in  October,  and  is  borne  on  short  stout 
pedicels,  ia  drooping  many-fruited  pilose  clusters ;  it  is  subglobose  but  occasionally  rather  longer 
than  broad,  dark  crimson,  marked  by  scattered  dark  dots,  and  about  half  an  inch  in  diameter ;  the 
calyx-cavity  is  broad  and  shallow,  and  the  lobes,  which  are  bright  red  on  the  upper  side  toward  the 
base,  are  wide-spreading  or  erect ;  the  flesh  is  thin,  yellow,  dry,  and  sweet.  The  three  or  four  nutlets 
are  prominently  ridged  on  the  back,  with  high  grooved  ridges,  and  about  a  quarter  of  an  inch  long.' 


'  The  name  Cmlirgiu  coceinea  wu  flnt  used  by  Linnieiis  in  the 
first  edition  of  his  Specitf  I'lanlamm  (i.  476)  published  in  17r>3. 
llin  dotcriptioB  of  this  species,  "  Cntagus  foliis  ovatis  repando- 


angnlatis  serratis  glabria,"  had,  however,  appeared  in  1737  in  hii 
HortM  Clitforlianua.  In  both  works  a  species  of  Plukenet  (Phyt, 
Bol.  t.  40,  f.  4)  and  a  species  of  Miller  {Cat.  VI.  Hort.  Angl.  t.  13, 


■ 


134 


8ILVA   OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


ROSACK& 


Cratoegua  coccinea  inhabits  the  slopes  of  hills  and  the  high  banks  of  salt  marshes,  growing 
usually  in  rich  well-drained  soil  from  Essex  County,  Massachusetts,  to  Newfoundland,  usually  in  the 
neighborhood  of  the  sea,  and  through  the  valley  of  the  St.  Lawrence  to  western  Quebec. 

A  variety  of  this  species,  Cratagus  coccinea  rotundifolia,*  often  grows  with  it  in  the  same 
thickets,  and  can  only  be  distinguished  by  its  glabrous  young  branches,  leaves,  and  corymbs,  while 
connecting  these  glabrous  plants  with  those  which  are  extremely  villose  are  others  which  display  all 
degrees  of  variation  in  the  development  of  their  villose  covering.  Cratagus  coccinea  rotundifolia  ig 
one  of  the  commonest  New  England  shrubby  Thorns,  and  ranges  southward  to  eastern  Pennsylvania." 


Iff 


f.  1)  wen  nfemd  bjr  Lionaus  to  hii  Cralagv  coccinta,  Pliilce- 
net't  plant  U  praMrrcd  io  the  Britub  Miuenm.  It  belongt  to  the 
mollii  group,  but  the  ipeoimen  it  m  meagre  that  I  haTe  been 
unable  to  identify  it.  Miller's  figure  perhaps  represents  a  species 
of  the  mollis  group,  but  it  is  certainlj  not  the  same  plant  as  the  one 
figured  by  Plukenet,  and  I  am  unable  to  recognise  it.  The  only 
representatire  of  CraK^gut  eoccinta  in  Linnnus's  herbarium,  a 
specimen  ao  labeled  bj  him,  is  an  entirely  different  plant  from 
either  of  those  represented  in  Flukenet's  or  Miller's  figures  which 
Linnaus  had  referred  to  his  species.  Moreover,  the  specimen  is 
not  glabrous  but  Tillose  on  the  leares,  corymb,  and  young  branches, 
and  the  Icaret  can  hardly  be  described  as  "  repandoHuigulatis  ser- 
ratis."  The  Linmean  specimen  is  not  dated,  and  it  is  therefore 
possible  that  it  was  not  from  this  specimen  but  from  Flukenet's  or 
Miller's  figure  that  Linnjeus  drew  bis  description  «f  Cratagus  coc- 
cinta.  There  seems  in  this  case,  therefore,  but  out^  >)f  two  courses 
to  follow  in  considering  this  name.  Either  the  specimen  in  Lin* 
ncus's  herbarium  must  be  ignored  as  not  agreeing  with  his  de- 
scription, and  the  name  dropped  entirely  because  it  was  given  to  a 
species  founded  on  two  distinct  plants,  neither  of  which  can  be  sat- 
isfactorily determined,  or  the  specimen  in  the  Linwean  herbarium 
labeled  Cralagut  coccinea  by  Linnaus  himself  must  be  accepted  as 
his  type  of  this  species.  In  view  of  the  fact  that  the  name  Cra- 
tagus coccinea  is  one  of  the  best  known  of  the  names  which  have 
been  applied  to  American  species  of  the  genus,  and  as  the  plant 
labeled  Cralagut  coccinea  by  Linnaus  is  now  known  to  be  a  com- 
mon and  widely  distributed  species  in  the  north  Atlantic  coast 
region,  it  is  perhaps  best  to  consider  f-e  specimen  in  the  Linuean 
herbarium  as  the  type  of  Cralagut  coccinea. 

'  Cralagut  coccinea  rotundifolia,  Sargent,  Bot.  Gazelle,  xxxi.  14 
(1901). 

Cralagut  rolumii/olia,  Moenoh,  Btlume  n'eitt.'M,  t.  1(1785). — 

Poiret,  Lamarck  Diet.  iv.  447.  —  K.  Koch,  Verkandl.  Prtuts.  Oart. 

Vereint,  236  ( Cralagut  und  MetpUut).  —  Koehne,  Deultche  Dendr. 

231.  —  Lange,  Kev.  Spec.  Gen.  Cratagi,  66. 


MetpUut  gUmduloia,  Ehrhart,  Beitr.  iii.  20  (1788).  —  Willde- 
now,  £num.  623.  —  Schmidt,  Oettr.  Baumz.  iv.  33,  t.  213,  —Wat- 
son, Dendr.  Brit.  i.  58,  t.  S8.  —  Sprengel,  Sgtt.  ii.  &07  (eicl.  syn. 
Cralagut  languinea,  Pallas).  —  Spach,  Hiil.  Vig.  ii.  62.  —  Poiret, 
I.  c.  SuppI  V.  69.  —  K.  Koch,  Dendr.  i.  145  (exd.  syn.  Cralagut 
tanguinea,  iurrey  &  Gray). 

Cralagut  giandulota,  Willdenow,  Bert.  Baumz.  84  (exd.  syn. 
Cralagut  tanguirtea).  —  Pursb,  Fl.  i.  337  (eiol.  syn.  Cralagut 
tanguinea).  —  WendUnd,  Flora,  1823,  ii.  700.  —  Torrey,  Fl. 
Northern  and  Middle  Stales,  476.  —  De  Candolle,  Prodr.  U.  627 
(eicl.  syn.  Cralagut  tanguinea).  —  Loddiges,  Bot.  Cab.  1. 1012.  — 
Hooker,  Fl.  Bar.  Am.  i.  201.  —  Loudon,  Arb.  Brit.  ii.  817  (in 
part).  —  Kegel,  Ad.  Hort.  Petrop.  i.  120. 

Cralagut  horrida,  Medicus,  Getch.  Bot.  84  (1793). 
MespUut  rotundifolia,  Du  Roi,  Harbk.  Baumz.  ed.  2,  ii.  607  (exd. 
syn.  Cralagut  giandulota,  Alton)  (1795).  —  K.  Koch,  /.  c  148. 

Cralagut  coccinea,  Lindley,  Bot.  Reg.  xxiii.  t.  10(.7  (not  Lin- 
naus) (1837).— Torrey  &  Gray,  Fl.  N.  Am.  i.  465  (in  part) 
(not  Linnaus), 

f  Cralagut  giandulota,  ff  rotundifolia,  Kegel,  Act.  Hort.  Petrop. 
i.  120  (1870). 

Cralagut  coccinea,  var.  macracanllia,  Sargent,  Silva  N.  Am.  iv. 
96  (in  part)  (lot  Dudley)  (1892). 

^  The  description  of  Cralagut  cnccinea  in  an  earlier  volume  of 
this  work  (iv.  05)  includes  a  number  of  forms  which  are  now 
believed  to  be  distinct,  although  among  them  is  not  the  plant  which 
was  called  Cralagut  coccinea  by  Linnaus  as  shown  by  his  her- 
barium. The  description  of  Cralagut  coccinea,  var.  macracaniha 
in  that  volume  was  partly  drawn  from  the  form  now  called  Cra- 
lagut coccinea  rotundifolia.  The  plate  of  Cralagut  coccinea  (t.  130) 
represents  one  of  the  thin-leaved  shrubby  species  long  confounded 
with  Cralagut  coccinea,  which  I  have  recently  described  as  Cra- 
lagut patlorum  (Rkodora,  iii.  24  [1901]). 


EXPLANATION  OF  THE   PLATE. 


Platb  UCLXXXIII.    Ckat.kguh  coccinka. 

1.  A  flowering  lirancli,  natural  site. 

2.  Vertical  section  of  a  flower,  enlarged. 

3.  A  calyx-lobe,  enlarged. 

4.  A  fruUiiig  branch,  natural  slie. 

5.  Cross  section  of  a  fruit,  natural  size. 
C.  A  nutlet,  side  view,  enlarged. 

7.  A  nutlet,  rear  view,  enlarged. 


|:Ji 


i-i 


ROSACEiK 

It  marshes,  growing 
iJand,  usually  in  the 
lebec. 

•nth  it  in  the  same 
and  corymbs,  while 
ers  which  display  all 
'inea  rotimdifolia  is 
tern  Pennsylvania.' 

■ii.  20(1788).- Willd^ 
aunu.  iv.  33,  t.  213.  —Wat- 
jel.  Sj,il.  u.  507  (excl.  ,yn. 
Hul.  Vig.  ii.  62.  _  Poi„j^ 
i.  146  (exol.  tjn.  Cratcegu, 

lerl.  Baumz.  84  (excl.  syn. 
337  (exol.  «yn.  Cratagut 
3,  ii.  700.  — Torrey,  Fl. 
»  CandoUe,  Prodr.  U.  627 
idigtt,  Bol.  CaJ.t.  1012.- 
on,  Arb.  Brit.  U.  817  (in 
20. 
iol.  M  (1793). 

Baunu.  ed.  2,ii.  607(exol. 
S).  —  K.  Koch,  /.  c.  148. 
9-  xiiii.  I.  IO1.7  (not  Lin- 

AT.  Am.  i.  465  (in  part) 

I,  Kegel,  Act.  Hon.  Pelrop. 

I  Sargent,  Sava  N.  Am.  n. 

»  in  an  earlier  volume  of 
of  forma  which  are  now 
bem  is  not  the  plant  which 
!ua  aa  shown  by  his  her- 
coccinea.  Tar.  macracmika 
the  form  now  called  Cm- 
CraltrgM  coednea  (t.  130) 
f  species  long  confounded 
ioently  described  aa  Cm- 


j'th  Amenca 


\M 


SUVA    OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


Crntctriun  r(n:eiM»    iuh»bitii  the   Hlop«*   of   hilla  and  tho  high  bankfi  of  sail   u.  <-■ 
linmilly  in  rich  nftUil'^iutHl  wiil  from  Kssev.  (\tiinty,  Ma«»achiii«!ttH,  to  Newfoiuidliii.. 
fit>t({l>l><^irhiH>fl  of  thi»  M>«,  aixi  through  ihe  vnllcv  of  the  St.  1 -<iwr«>iice  to  western  Quri't' 

A   vanely   of  thiit  vtixK^ieM,   ('ratagw   coccinfa  rotundifolia,^  often  growH  with 
thx'keto,  auW  i-A\\  only  be  <li«tingi)isht><i  hy  its  i;lahrou8  youujj;  hrandicB,  leaves,   aiii 
KOuiiwtinjT  th»!H.>  )j;labrt>u>t  ]ii:iutit  with   thiWK-  which  are  t-xtreir  .-ly  villose  are  othura   , 
deKr«««  of  vanatixa  iu  thf  <hvi5h)piu*nt  '<f  their  villoae  (loveriiij;.     Crat<f.<jH»  vor<nn"i 
oiMt  of  thf  i-ouuoonett  Now  tsln^Und  idiruhhv  ThoriiB,  and  ranges  Hotithward  to  easU^ni  I 


t.  t)  «•!•  nfwnd  bf  L«BJi»«t  w  kt«  t 'nM«;iu  nxnnra.  flukr- 
•M^t  irtaM  M  )in«*tT«d  !•  tht  iinljtii  MakMin  It  b«long<  ta  the 
■Mvltb  (T«M|(,  twt  t^  ir^iwMWW  it  *a  ■«»tl»  tbat  1  tutn  bmu 
iiiMbW  to  itlaett)^  it.  MiU«f'»  Ag\tr«  }mc)i«|M  r«prMK*iita  «  sp«ei«s 
ur  tfae  MMillit  grvnp,  b«tt  ic  ^  o^rUibly  iiot  th«  ukui«  pUut  u  tb«  oiia 
Af<«r«<i  by  l'lukcu«t.  hrfi  I  am  uiubie  to  rrougnise  it  Thff  only 
reprcHDUtiTe  xf  '  'ottnfm  oK^'irhtn  in  Lintiwiia'i  hnrbariuru,  a 
•|IMta*ii  w  Uk«M  l>v  kirn,  i*  an  sntirel;  iliffcrent  pUut  from 
«ilher  of  tboM  rtprMnttMl  in  I'lukcart'i  <ir  Miller's  tifpircii  which 
Liiuitf*uft  ViAii  trfnrrM  U)  hia  tpMMm.  MortHivcr,  tho  tpet'iineu  b* 
nut  gU?>roii»  Utt  riUoar  on  t}i«  UATf<«,  norymb,  And  rcung  bnuichfa, 
ud  tba  IwTM  raui  hardly  bo  <l»arri>>M)  m  ■■  n'|>iimli>iini;iil.tti>  vr- 
mli*.**  Th*  LinDM'Ui  siMoinjcn  .6  «>♦  Htiintl  vtd  it  ii  fli«r«»fiirp 
po^liblr  that  it  WAft  ijmI  from  ibi*  kp«Miv;-H  r  >-ii  f^-ni.  rtMk^wt'p  .»r 
Milli-r'a  ftpirr  tbftt    i-i'irfl- 1->  ^l"-*  ».  ■  -i  t'raitg^us  rvc- 

hncti.     'Ilwrv  »«^'ii  »  •«  ti»»  <■•>.♦.  tt...-)-*  •'  rww  floujwM 

ti)  foJ.'tv  in  0(Mtfi4^n«|f  thai  hi»ai<p  "  in  Liu- 

maw'n   .  'rbuiani  mtut   b»  i|p.'iif«(l  .  '>  hi*  da* 

*cn|»««u».  aail  tlie  r.»to*.  ttrr^p^d  ri»tira^i  ^irv^tir  tl  **»  ^^vt*!!  to  a 
r)i«M.tv«  S0uwfa^  ^Mt  twc  <ti«tL!u<t  t^A^.t*.  AMtkhr  (ff  wkinh  rail  i>r  uU- 
:»^a«ti»nf  t  dtttcnntnwf,  4r  t^  *|fii«titMti  i«  tJw  I>s»iuma  bcriiartun) 
tUiaiMl  Crmitfui  rjrimHa  \tj  iMOima  kimixt!  ibn^i  li*  *co«|>tM]  w 
hn  ty|i«  ul  tiiii  «{■««•*.  la  fin*  nt  tlw  (act  cHat  thy  ikaaw  '  V't- 
tm^ui  cfixmta  a  on«  of  th«  beirt  ItBoim  of  thr  iiaoi«»  watch  iiair 
bc*B  a)i)>li«d  to  AnMrimi  tpoaiu  of  tbo  grniu,  and  m  the  pl-MU 
labi'led  Craiigif^  ^iM-nnra  by  Liniuetu  i»  now  kjiotvn  lo  bp  a  wp* 
fot'Ji  Ami  widi'ty  ilt«rnbnt«<l  tffM>ci<«  iu  thp  uuitb  Atlantic  ciAUt 
rejfioi',  it  it  jicrbafx  bmit  to  ooniudar  lii*  a|t«Maw«  m  the  LusMaan 
hi*rbArimn  a«  the  (ypo  of  Cratittfun  mt^rmtu- 

'  CroXirjrMi  ttxnitHi  rctxtrvH/Uia,  Sarjp^nt,  /vrf.  't^*vu< 
(1901). 

VnkU*^^  rftufuiifoiui,  Moenoli.  Ii4umt  H  mi.  29,  I.  1  ( I7RA).  - 

PcMfft,  /uimorrl-  MW.  iv.  447.  —  K.  Koch,  IVAufw//.  Tre^i.  <;arf. 

Verfifu,  23(t  (f\tU(rffti$ Uful  Afapiitu).  —  Kuebne,  IknUhht  I>eiuir. 

231.  —  L^ngv,  /?cr.  .S;)^-.  6'fn.  (>al(r^,  66. 


Afespilut  (jlandulo$a,  Khrti&rt,  />ttr.  in    n 
DOW,  ICnum.  Cii3.  —  Schmidt.  0#*/r.  Afiwi 
fi  in,  Deitdr.  Urit.  I.  M,  t  5H  —  Spreii^<^l,  • 
(rrt/ffjiii  .fanyuiWo,  Palliu*).  —  Sjmt-h,  fh 
I.  c.  Suppl.  iv.  Ol».  ~  K-  Koch.  I*i^uir-  i.  1  i 
sanijumen,  Torrry  &  *iriiy). 

Crtitiigtu  y/iiJw/uAiifl,   WillJenoir,  A?W.  Ma-t 
Cmlatpt*  tttnguineii).  —  tNir«h,  fV.  i.   337 
MriTuinra).  —  Wpi;dlaini,  Florxt,   !H23,   ti 
Xorthrm  and  Middle  Statex^  475.  —  T>e  Cui- 
(t!icl.  »yn.  CniUrfpa  $(m<pimtn).  —  Jvoddifc*'*' 
Hr>ok«r,  Ft.  Bar.  Am.   i.  'JOl,  —  Louduii, 
part).  —  Hegel,  Act.  Ihrt.  Ptirofi.  i.  120. 
f^rtttoe(fu*  ftorndii,  Metiiciu,  <iitfh.  /J-rf,  Hi 
Metpilus  rolwul\/iu>a,  Uu  lioi,  Unrhk   iJ'i*.- 
•yn.  Crt\Unjvif  ^(ofiduUmi,  Aitoii)  (170r»)    - 

CraUrtfta  comnea,  I.iudley,  liul.  Wry.  iiir 
luoiiii)  (1837).  —  Torray  A  (imy.  Ft  X.  A- 
(nut  laniivna). 

'  Cra(crgw  glanHulom^  fi  riMuttditoltu.  Hep 
i.  I»l  (1870). 

Cratagxt*  cocciuen,  vnr.  maenif.'on^Art,  Siirg^ 
06  (in  inrt)  (uot  Dudlpy)  (I8l^.>). 
'  The  d^«i*nptiun  of  Crattrfftu  f^H-vunti  in   »t 
ih>«  work    (iv.   1C>)   includes   a   number  uf   forw 
.ofliffved  iv  he  distinct,  althouKh  ttuioug  them  U  r 
<*^''   (aM»h1    CnUiTfriui  cvcrtrun  liy    [.initflHut  u  i- 
hAtiiin..      The   dt'scriptiuii   nf   i'r'Uixgut   <?r-'cin#Wi 
in  thnt  vdliime  waa  partly  drawn  from  rhe  (otm 
j/ffv  '-vnura  rofuniy/Mui.     The  pUu^  of  fnitte^ 
-t^ptPMhtfi  o»o  of  ttie  titin-hiftvod  kbruUiy  Hpeciw; 
wi*i»  Om/rpyui  cxrinM,  whi^'b   I  I.mvo  r»e«ittly 
/ajptf /ta*twr»«m  {Hhndora,  iu.  2l[!l)l)I]) 


km'Lanahon  ok  rin-;  it.atk. 

Pi.ATK  IX'LXXXIII.     CuAT.vaua  cocctnka. 

1.  A  fiovrvrinj{  limiu'h,  naturnl  aizu. 

*■  Vi_'rliral  Atrclion  of  a  Hower,  cttlarginl. 

y.  A  caJyx-lal>o,  PiiJftrgwJ. 

4.  A  ImUinj;  bmitch.  natural  size. 

5.  CruM  »etftion  of  a  fruit,  natural  nite, 

6.  A  nutlet.  sid«  view,  enlargoJ. 

7.  A  nullot.  rear  view,  fnlatgi'd. 


bl 


Silva  cf   North   America  . 


Tab  DCLXXXll 


■  K  i'/;./v»)'/  cAV , 


CRAT/EGUS    COCCINEA    L 


J  Mft'.rru.r  iiir,\. 


Imp  ■  J  Ttim'ur  Piifu 


6  7 


H 


Lnrtau^.  .re. 


i 


■\l 


I '  1 


ll  i; 


:|!  .1 


!  !| 


i: 


Is 


'  ii 


JHI 


f 


It 


lit 


ROSACEA 


SILVA   OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


185 


CRAT-ffiQUS  JONES-ffl. 


Haw. 


Stamens  10 ;  anthers  rose  color.    Leaves  elliptical  to  ovate,  coriaceous,  dark  green 
and  lustrous. 


CratSKua  Jonea»,  Sargent,  Bot  Oautte,  xzxi.  14  (1901). 


Crataegus  ooooinea  maoraoantha,  Rand  dc  Redfleld,  Fl. 
Mt.  Desert  Island,  98  (1894). 


A  bushy  tree,  occasionally  twenty  feet  in  height,  with  a  short  trunk  a  foot  in  diameter  covered 
with  dark  brown  scaly  bark,  and  ascending  branches  forming  a  broad  open  irregular  head ;  or  more 
often  a  tall  broad  shrub  with  numerous  thick  stems.  The  branchlets  are  stout,  zigzag  for  many  years, 
armed  with  stout  straight  or  occasionally  curved  bright  chestnut-brown  lustrous  spines  from  two  to  three 
inches  in  length,  and  usually  pointed  toward  the  base  of  the  branch ;  when  they  first  appear  they  are 
dark  green,  tomentose,  and  marked  by  light  red  oblong  lenticels,  becombg  orange-brown,  glabrous,  and 
very  lustrous  during  their  first  season,  and  light  gray  in  their  second  year.  The  leaves  vary  from 
elliptical  to  ovate  and  are  acute  at  the  apex,  gradually  narrowed  or  broadly  cuneate  at  the  entire  base, 
coarsely  and  doubly  serrate  above,  with  spreading  or  incurved  teeth  tipped  with  deciduous  dark  red 
glands,  and  usually  divided  above  the  middle  into  two  or  three  pairs  of  short  acute  or  acuminate  lobes ; 
when  the  flowers  open  during  the  first  week  of  June  they  are  more  than  half  grown,  membranaceous, 
and  coated  with  soft  pale  hairs,  which  are  most  abundant  on  the  under  side  of  the  midribs  and  principal 
veins,  and  in  the  autumn  they  are  thick  and  coriaceous,  dark  green  and  very  lustrous  on  the  upper 
surface,  pale  and  puberulous  on  the  lower  surface,  from  three  to  four  inches  long  and  from  two  to  three 
inches  broad,  with  stout  midribs  deeply  impressed  on  the  upper  side  and  from  four  to  six  pairs  of 
primary  veins  and  conspicuous  secondary  veinlets;  they  are  borne  on  stout  deeply  grooved  petioles 
more  or  less  winged  toward  the  apex  by  the  decurrent  bases  of  the  leaf-blades,  villose,  ultimately 
glabrous,  tinged  with  red  below  the  middle,  from  an  inch  and  a  half  to  two  inches  long,  and  after 
midsummer  often  twisted  near  the  base,  thus  bringing  the  lower  surface  of  the  leaves  to  the  light. 
The  stipules  are  linear-lanceolate,  entire,  from  one  quarter  to  one  half  of  an  inch  in  length,  and  dark 
green,  fading  red.  On  vigorous  leading  shoots  the  leaves  are  often  more  coarsely  serrate  and  are  usually 
much  more  deeply  lobed  than  the  leaves  of  lateral  branchlets,  with  broadly  winged  petioles  and  falcate 
coarsely  glandular-serrate  stipules  sometimes  an  inch  in  length.  The  flowers,  which  are  an  inch  in 
diameter  and  bad-smelling,  are  produced  on  long  slender  pedicels,  in  broad  loose  lax  compound  many- 
flowered  thin-branched  tomentose  corymbs,  with  linear  finely  glandular-serrate  caducous  bracts  and 
bractlets.  The  calyx-tube  is  narrowly  obconic  and  tomentose,  and  the  lobes  are  abruptly  narrowed 
from  broad  bases,  elongated,  acute,  entire,  villose,  and  reflexed  after  the  flowers  open.  There  are  ten 
stamens  with  long  slender  filaments  and  large  pale  rose-colored  anthers,  and  two  or  generally  three  styles 
surrounded  at  the  base  by  a  narrow  ring  of  pale  tomentum.  The  fruit  ripens  usually  early  in  October 
and  hangs  on  the  slender  elongated  pedicels,  in  broad  many-fruited  drooping  glabrous  or  puberulous 
clusters ;  it  varies  from  oblong  to  oblong-obovate  and  is  full  and  rounded  at  the  ends,  bright  carmine 
red,  marked  by  occasional  large  dark  dots,  from  three  quarters  of  an  inch  to  an  inch  long  and  three 
quarters  of  an  inch  broad  ;  tne  calyx-cavity  is  broad  and  shallow,  and  the  lobes  are  elongated  and 
closely  pressed  against  the  fruit ;  the  flesh  is  thick,  yellow,  sweet,  and  mealy.  The  three  or  rarely  two 
nutlets  are  thick,  rounded  and  ridged  on  the  back,  with  high  broad  ridges,  and  about  seven  sixteenths 
of  an  inch  long. 


136 


8ILVA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


ROSACEvE. 


CrataguB  Joneace  inhabits  the  rooky  shores  of  ocean  sounds  and  bays  in  southeastern  Maine,  where 
it  is  distributed  from  Belfast  Bay  to  the  island  of  3ar  Harbor.'  This  handsome  and  distinct  species  has 
been  named  for  Miss  Beatrix  Jones,'  kndsvape^rdener. 


■  In  my  origiiud  dMaription  o(  Crotagut  Jonua  it  wu  Mud  to 
grow  at  Oiono  on  the  Penobtoot  Kinr,  *  fruiting  tpeoinun  of  ui- 
oth*r  ipMiM  having  boan  miitakeo  for  it.  I  now  know  Cratagwi 
Jontm  ooljr  in  the  neighborhood  of  tb«  oe«*n. 

*  Bcntrii  Uxm,  (Juno  10,  IflTJ),  the  daughter  of  Fmlariok 
Rhin«landar  Jumi  and  Marjr  Cadwallader  Rawla,  waa  bom  in 
Kaw  York.  On  bar  fathar'i  aid*  aba  ia  daaoandad  from  the  Kbina- 
laadar  and  Stavana  '-■"■'■-»  of  New  York,  wbo  for  lararal  ganera- 


tioa.  hare  baan  intaraitad  in  bortiaultura.  On  bar  motbar'a  lida 
iha  ia  daaoandad  from  tba  Kawie  and  Cadwalladar  famlliei  oi 
Panna;Uania.  Kudowtd  with  un-iaual  natural  gifta,  cultivated  by 
a  liberal  xduoation,  and  oarafi-lljr  mined  in  tLe  United  States  and 
Europe  to  a  teohuioal  'inowledge  of  the  art  of  laiidieape-gardeuing, 
Miaa  Janet  it  the  firtt  Amerioan  woman  who  hai  lucoeiifuUr  prao- 
tioed  that  art  at  a  pMfauioo. 


EXPLANATION  OF  THE  PLATE. 

Plate  DCLXXXIV.    Cratxius  JowBtji. 

A  Howaring  branch,  natural  tir« 

Vertical  nction  of  a  flower,  natural  size. 

A  fruiting  branch  natural  aiie. 

Vertical  eection  of        jit,  natural  size. 

Crotia  taction  of  a  frait  thuwing  the  nutlet*,  natural  tilt. 

6.  A  calyx  remoTe<i  from  a  ripe  fruit,  natural  tiie. 

7.  A  nutlet,  tide  view,  enlu'ged. 

8.  A  nutlet,  rear  view,  enlarged. 

0.  End  of  a  winter  branehlat,  natural  tize. 


■J-. 


r 


\    f 


r,  ■■ 


ROSACEA. 


Mtern  Maine,  where 
distinct  Hpecies  hag 


»■  On  hm  mother'!  lid* 
Ctdwdladcr  fainiliei  o, 
»turml  gifu,  ouUiv»ti.d  by 
in  tU  UniUd  8ut«i  and 
•t  of  Ui.d«»p«.g»rdening, 
rho  hu  lucotufulljr  pno- 


4      i) 


'1% 


CRAT/ECV 


t  'rittiei/us  Jn 
E*  m  iliiinbtrtaii  ti*m 


^IHA    OF  NOflTII     \Mt:iilCA.  w*-> 

M  nM'ky  iikote*  I  if  <>«'ciiii  Hiiiindit  luid  bavn  in  nouthiiMtem  M:<i' 
Bit  to  Uw  iilnmil  uC  Bar  Hurlior.'  Tliia  hunlwituti  hiiiI  duttiM  i  >  . 
JooMt*  lM(iHll|»gMr<iu>i«T. 


•tlwr  \^fMmi  iMfmn  k«»»  auUkM  '•>•   '  -  »  *-  -  '  •-**T<' 

Jimtit  mlj  »  Ik*  ■«.''■'•    *■•■•<«  »»  <•- 

'    HmMi    Jaw  •       in^onr       .      rrrflirt.k 

iUMuiwdar  Jon  ''^<Mkw  •••b,  •»•  »-<rH   ... 

Nr.  Ifocfc.     0«h.c  l.n.  .        .  (. 


tivM  IwT*  b«*ii  inMfMtvd  in  linrtioultuir.     U*  kM  wuti 
■k*  i»  tlMMiHlad  (rum  thi<   Kii«l>   mkI   ('»d«i>Mlii     .» 
l*»nMylfUim.     KiHiiiwMl  with  uiiuiiifti  itktiirai  ftft*  - 
«  lilNif*!  •<lii««iiuii.  mhI  o*r«(iill^  trftiD«il  m  ih*  I    ■•  - 
Kuru|M>  tu  »  tmhiiimi  kuuvlMlg*  »f  tb*  *rt  <>f  Ut.u 
Muu  .l<Mwi  U  tk*  lint  Anuiheui  wuiuaii  »h<i  Ka> 
tMtHt  tk»l  wt  u  «  pnifwMim 


KXPI.ANATION   OK    IIIK   IT.ATK. 


I  r 


I'urr   IH'l.XXXlV.     Cn  iT.ttdi'R  J(ikc»«. 
1    A  tlovtriug  lirancli.  nalanl  lii*. 
'i    \'rtti*mi  nMtian  u(  a  fluwer,  luttunl  aiM. 
H     V  frutin^  liruirh,  iiiktural  ni/s. 
4    Vi-r<t>i>t  MTiiwi  uf  »  (niit.  imturnl  >it». 

■  N  vm^w/in  <i(  a  fniit  iili4iwliif;  the  niitli't*.  natiirnl  size. 
'     >'M  i«auTiN|  Irum  »  ri|H'  fruit,  luturkl  »ii>>- 
Uat.  «al«  vw«,  wUrKetl. 
..%t.  rw  VMV,  onUrgwI. 
.'  >  tiiiUcr  t>r*i<«b)*t,  Dkturikl  tizc. 


I      ' 


Wf> 


Silvft  of  North  Arntiic* 


Tab   DCLXXXIV, 


I 


w 


£  f'iunyn  li^.. 


2r!./fi/n^/i/  jr. 


CRAT/EGUS    JONES/E   Sarg 


A 4ii*y(^Mia'  ./u'M 


Imp  .  '  Ttin^itr  Farij: 


I 


\ 


ROHAOIA 


SILVA   OF  NORTH  AMEHICA. 


UT 


ORAT^OUB  MAROARETTA. 


Haw. 


Stamenh  usually  20 ;  anthers  yellow, 
thick  and  firm,  dark  green. 


Leaves  broadly  rhombic  to  oblong-obovato. 


Orataffua  MargMatU,  A<lie,  Jour.  tClitha  MiteKM  Sci.  Soe.  itI.  pt.  ii.  72  (lUOO).  —  Orrttingcr,  Fl.  TtnntsMu,  l()0. 

A  tree,  oooaiionally  twenty-five  feet  in  height,  with  a  Htraight  trunk  from  four  to  six  inches  in 
diameter  covered  with  thin  dark  graybrown  bark  broken  into  small  plate-like  closely  appressed  scales, 
and  thin  rather  erect  branches  which  form  a  narrow  open  head ;  or  sometimes  u  wide  bush  with 
numerous  stout  spreading  stems.  The  branchlets  are  slender,  generally  nearly  straight,  marked  by  small 
ubiong  pale  lenticels,  and  armed  with  thin  straight  or  slightly  curved  bright  chestnut-brown  spines  from 
three  quarters  of  an  inch  to  an  inch  and  a  half  in  length,  or  occasionally  unarmed ;  when  they  first 
appear  they  are  orange-green,  and  glabrous  or  sometimes  pubescent  for  a  short  time,  and  during  their 
first  summer  they  become  bright  chestnut-brown  and  lustrous,  and  ashy  gray  or  gray  tinged  with  red 
during  their  second  year.  The  leaves  are  broadly  rhombic,  oblong^bovate  or  rarely  ovate,  acute  or 
rounded  at  the  apei,  grradually  narrowed  and  usually  entire  below,  coarsely  and  often  doubly  crenulate- 
serrate  above,  with  mostly  glandless  teeth,  and  often  divided  above  the  middle,  or  frequently  only  at  the 
apex,  into  short  broad  rounded  or  acute  lobes ;  when  the  flowers  open  early  in  May  they  are  membrana- 
ceous, roughened  above  by  short  pale  hairs  and  glabrous  below,  and  in  the  autumn  they  are  firm  and 
rather  leathery  in  texture  or  subcoriaceous,  glabrous,  smooth,  dark  green  and  somewhat  lustrous  on  the 
upper  surface,  pale  on  the  lower  surfact*,  from  an  inch  to  an  inch  and  a  quarter  long  and  about  an  inch 
wide,  with  yellow  midribs  and  from  three  to  five  pairs  of  thin  primary  veins  extending  very  obliquely  to 
the  points  of  the  lobes  and  deeply  impressed  on  the  upper  side ;  they  are  borne  on  slender  grooved 
petioles  often  slightly  \vinged  toward  the  apex,  glandular  at  first  on  the  upper  side,  with  minute  <^<irk 
red  caducous  glands,  and  from  half  an  inch  to  an  inch  in  length.  The  stipules  are  linear,  acuminate, 
glandular-serrate,  and  soon  disappear.  On  vigorous  leading  shoots  the  leaves  are  broadly  ovate  or 
semiorbicular,  usually  more  deeply  and  more  generally  lobed  than  the  leaves  of  lateral  branchlets,  often 
three  inches  long  and  from  two  to  three  inches  wide.  The  flowers  are  about  three  quarters  of  an 
inch  in  diameter,  and  are  produced  on  slender  elongated  pedicels,  in  three  to  twelve-flowered  compound 
thin-branched  slightly  villose  corymbs,  with  narrow  oblong-obovate  acute  or  acuminate  conspicuously 
glandular  bracts  and  bractlets.  The  calyx-tube  is  narrowly  obconic  and  slightly  villose  toward  the  base, 
or  glabrous,  and  the  lobes  are  gradually  narrowed  from  broad  bases,  acuminate  or  short-pointed  at  the 
apex,  finely  and  irregularly  glandular-serrate,  glabrous,  or  villose  on  the  inner  surface,  and  reflexed  after 
the  flowers  open.  There  are  usually  twenty  stamens  with  slender  filaments  and  small  yellow  anthers, 
and  two  or  three  styles  surrounded  at  the  base  by  a  narrow  ring  of  pale  tomentum  and  villose  below  the 
middle  with  occasional  long  spreading  hairs.  The  fruit  ripens  and  mostly  falls  toward  the  end  of 
September  and  is  borne  in  few-fruited  drooping  clusters ;  it  is  short-oblong  and  full  and  rounded  at  the 
ends  or  subglobose  and  flattened  at  the  ends,  dull  dark  red  or  rusty  orange-red  marked  by  occasional 
dark  dots,  and  about  half  an  inch  long ;  the  calyx-cavity  is  broad  and  shallow,  and  the  lobes  are 
spreading  or  erect  and  frequently  deciduous  before  the  fruit  ripens ;  the  flesh  is  thin,  yellow,  dry,  and 
mealy.  The  two  or  three  nutlets  are  thick,  conspicuously  grooved  and  ridged  on  the  back,  with  broad 
rounded  ridges,  and  about  a  quarter  of  an  inch  long. 

Cmtagua  Margaretta  grows  by  the  banks  of  streams  and  on  open  hillsides.     It  has  been  found  in 


I    1 


I    ■ 


138 


SILVA   OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


ROSACEA. 


central  Michigan,'  central  Iowa,'  along  the  Des  Peres  River  at  Webster,  St.  Louis  County,  Missouri,'  at 
Springfield,  Missouri,  and  in  middle  Tennessee.* 

The  specific  name  is  formed  from  the  Christian  name  of  Mrs.  J.  0.  Wilcox  of  Ashe  County,  North 
Cnrohna.' 


'  Cmtagui  Margarttta  wu  oolleoted  near  Lauing,  Michigan,  in 
Maj,  1901,  br  Profeuor  W.  J.  Beal. 

<  Quarry,  Iowa,  F.  W.  Foreat,  Ma;  19, 1900  (No.  1996);  Steam- 
boat Rock,  Iowa,  L.  H.  Fammel,  .Tune  14,  1900  (No.  1989). 

'  In  the  Gray  Herbarium  there  in  a  specimen  of  Cralagut  Mar- 
garttta collected  in  Miuouri  hj  K.  Hall  in  1870,  the  place  uf 
collection  being  not  otherwise  given  ;  and  in  the  Gray  Herbarium 
there  it  alio  an  Iowa  specimen  collected  by  M.  Jonea  in  1877. 


Cralagm  Margarttta  wai  8rat  collected  on  the  Des  Peres  River 
by  H.  Kggert  in  the  spring  of  1886  ;  and  in  Springfield,  Missouri, 
where  this  tree  grows  to  a  large  (iie  and  is  abuudant,  it  was  first 
noticed  by  Professor  Trelease  and  myself  in  September,  1900. 

*  Cratagm  Margarttta  was  collected  on  limestone  hills  in  West 
Nashville,  Tennessee,  where  it  is  a  low  shrub,  on  May  2,  1000,  by 
Mr.  T.  G.  Harbison. 

•  W.  W.  Ashe,  in  litl. 


II 


EXPLANATION  OF  THE  PLATE. 

Plate  DCLXXXV.    CBAT.Kau8  Makoasetta. 

1.  Portion  of  a  flowering  branch,  natural  size. 

2.  Wrtical  section  of  a  flower,  enlarged. 

3.  A  calyx-lobe,  enlarged. 

4.  A  fruiting'  branch,  natural  size. 

6.  Croaa  section  of  a  fruit,  natural  size. 

6.  A  nutlet,  front  view,  enlarged. 

7.  A  nutlet,  rear  view,  enlarged. 


I: 


A     1. 


ROSACEA 
County,  Missouri,'  at 

Ashe  County,  North 


ted  on  th«  D«i  Pent  River 
and  in  Springfield,  Mimouri, 

nd  ia  abundant,  it  was  firit 
elf  in  September,  1000. 

on  limeitone  hills  in  West 
r  shrub,  on  May  2,  1900,  hj 


UAi-.'^-Al'-iL.  I   iA, 


Mi  l\ 


\\ 


I  i^ 


Nl 


f  f  f 


138 


8ILVA   OF  NORTH  AMtJKICA. 


aaatral  Mioliijfan,'  centml  Iowa,'  along  the  Ihw  Peiw  River  at  Webster,  St.  Liuis  Coc.. 
Spriiipfield,  Missouri,  imd  in  middle  'IViini'«»*»-.' 

The  apeiitic  name  is  fonned  irojn  'dc  <'bn»tian  iiiuiK-  of  Mrs.  J.  0.  Wilcox  of  A»L  • 
Cwwliua.' 


'  Cnitm/ut  Mar^arOta  wu  anlhateil  imh  Ij-mtf,  M.riiigmii,  in 
M.J-,  I'JOI,  by  fruf»Mor  W  J.  IV«! 
'  ynJUTjr,  Ior»,  K  W   Kun.i    s':  tVM);  StMro- 


b<««  K«-li,  luwa.  1,.  K    P«rov„. 
•  fji'tiM  (it»v  lltirtaumBi  ■:' 
fonOB  isoUmohI  la   Hmww 
mUmina  hmag  not  .MtMr-n 
tlwi*  i*  iU*a  w>  torn  «)«~aTa>  : 


'i-vit^^  Mar- 

'I,  itw  pine*  of 

-. -.    ..  i,»  'inj  llortwritim 

r/sfVUui  OJ   M.  JuKM  in  IHT7. 


Cralagut  Margnrinta  wu  flrat  ooUectctt  on  t- 
b,r  H.  Kggert  lu  the  ipriii^'  iif  H8(i  ;  Hud  in  f>).- 
where  thin  triu'  growa  to  a  l&rge  size  aiid  is  ai' 
luituHMl  liy  l'ri>fB«.<i,)r  Trelnaae  and  uj;uir  in  Sej.i 

'  Cralai/us  Margarrlla  wiu  cdUectod  nii  lini«-- 
Nubrillu,  Teunouee,  wliers  it  i*  *  luw  thnib,  •> 
Mr.  T.  G.  Ilorbiaon. 

»  \V.  \V.  A«ho,  in  liu. 


EX1'LAN.VI10?.    (IF    rHK    PL.VTK. 


'~\ 


»>■ 


Pl..«Tl;    IK'LXXXV,       C'RAr.K<aS    MARti.lRKTTA. 

1.  Porti'io  u(  a  flovnjriug  liranch,  natural  mte. 

2.  VertinJ  iM-tioo  of  a  flower,  vnlargetl. 

3.  A  Mli»-kil».  »nlar)(etl. 

4.  A  frnuini;  hr«ncli,  imtural  sixe. 

5.  Okw  »tcliii»  of  n  frail,  nutural  hhe. 

6.  A  ROtiat,  front  «iew.  enlaiged. 
7  A  natlM,  r»»r  view,  enjargej. 


;ill 


Silva  of  Ncrth   America. 


Tab.  Dc:.xr/v. 


t'SF.k/<'n  .M. 


Zartfttid  Si 


CRAT/E:GUS    MARGARETTA,  Ashe. 


A  HtOi*ttt.f  liu't-M 


Imp   .  ^  T.triHfir  Piiri.T 


!■ 

i 

mM 

ROSACEA 


SILVA   OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


1!^9 


ORAT^QUB  SUOCULENTA. 


Scarlet  Haw. 


Stamens  20;   anthers  rose  color.     Leaves  elliptical,  gradually  narrowed  at  the 
ends,  coriaceous,  dark  green,  and  lustrous. 


Crat»gU8   suooul'jnta,   Link,  Handb.  ii.  78  (1831)  — 

Lange,  Rev.  Spec.  Oen.  Crataegi,  82,  t.  8  B. 
?  Meapilus  oorallina,  Tansch,  Flora,  1838,  ii.  717  (not 

Desfontainei). 
?  Crateegvia  maoraoautha,  Loudon,  Arb.  Brit.  ii.  819,  f. 

■''.72  (not  Lindley)  (1838). 
?  Phoenopyrum  oorallinum,  Roemer,  Fam.  Nat.  Syn.  iii. 

154  (1847). 


Crateeirus  glandulosa,  d  aucoulenta,  Lauche,  Deutsche 

Dendr.  ed.  2,  573  (1883). 
CrateeguB  ooooinea,  var.  macraoantha,  Sargent,  Oarden 

ami  Forest,  ii.  412  (in  part)   (1889)  ;  SUva  N.  Am.  iv. 

96  (in  part)  t.  131.  —  Wataon  &  Coulter,  Gray's  Man. 

ed.  6,  165  (in  part). 
CratEBguB  rotundifolia,  b  aucoulenta,  Dippel,  E-iiidb. 

LanbhoUk.  iii.  441  (1893). 


A  bushy  tree,  occasionally  twenty  feet  in  height,  with  a  short  stc^  five  or  six  inches  in  diameter 
covered  with  dark  red-brown  scaly  bark,  and  stout  ascending  branches  forming  a  broad  irregular  head ; 
or  usually  shrubby  and  much  smaller  and  often  flowering  when  only  a  few  feet  in  height.  The 
branchlets  are  stout,  more  or  less  zigzag,  marked  by  large  oblong  pale  lenticels,  and  armed  with 
numerous  stout  slightly  curved  bright  chestnut^brown  lustrous  sp'"> :  from  an  inch  and  a  half  to  two 
iuches  and  a  half  in  length ;  when  they  appear  they  are  glabroi: ,  green  tinged  with  red  or  orange, 
becoming  dark  orange-brown  and  very  lustrous  before  midsummer,  dull  gray-browu  in  their  second 
season,  and  ultimately  ashy  gray.  The  leaves  are  elliptical,  acute  or  acuminate  at  the  apex,  gradually 
narrowed  from  near  the  middle  and  entire  at  the  base,  coarsely  and  usually  doubly  serrate,  with 
spreading  glandular  teeth,  and  divided  above  the  middle  into  numerous  short  acute  lobes ;  nearly 
fully  grown  when  the  flowers  open  at  the  end  of  May  or  early  in  June,  they  are  then  membranaceous, 
covered  above  with  soft  pale  hairs  and  puberulous  or  rarely  nearly  glabrous  on  the  lower  surface,  and 
at  maturity  they  are  coriaceous,  dark  green,  glabrous  and  somewhat  lustrous  above,  pde  yellow-green 
and  mostly  puberulous  along  the  stout  yellow  midribs  and  four  to  seven  pairs  of  slender  veins 
extending  obliquely  to  the  points  of  the  lobes  and  deeply  impressed  on  the  upper  side,  usually  from 
two  inches  to  two  inches  and  a  half  long  and  from  an  inch  to  an  inch  and  a  half  wide ;  or  on  leading 
shoots  occasionally  ovate  and  often  three  inches  and  a  half  long  and  three  inches  wide ;  they  are 
borne  on  stout  grooved  petioles  more  or  less  winged  above  by  the  decurrent  bases  of  the  leaf-blades, 
generally  about  half  an  inch  long  and  frequently  bright  red  after  midsummer.  The  stipules  are  linear, 
acuminate,  finely  glandular-serrate,  and  caducous.  The  flowers  are  about  two  thirds  of  an  inch  in 
diameter,  and  are  produced  on  long  slender  pedicels,  in  broad  lax  compound  many-flowered  villose 
corymbs,  with  linear-acuminate  glandular-serrate  bracts  and  bractlets.  The  calyx-tube  is  narrowly 
oliconic,  villose  or  glabrous,  and  the  lobes  are  broad,  acute,  laciniate,  glandular,  with  large  bright  red 
glands,  generally  villose,  and  reflexed  after  the  flowers  open.  There  are  usually  twenty  but  sometimes 
only  fifteen  stamens  with  slender  filaments  and  small  rose-colored  anthers,  and  two  or  three  styles 
surrounded  at  the  base  by  a  ring  of  pale  liairs.  The  fruit,  wliich  begins  to  ripen  about  the  middle 
of  September  and  sometimes  does  not  fall  until  the  end  of  October,  is  borne  on  slender  elongated 
pedicels,  in  broad  loose  many-fruited  drooping  clusters ;  it  is  globose,  bright  scarlet  marked  by 
occasional  large  pale  dots,  and  from  one  third  to  two  thirds  of  an  inch  in  diameter ;  the  calyx  is 
prominent,  with  a  broad  shallow  depression  and  much  enlarged  coarsely  serrate  closely  appressed 
persistent  lobes ;  the  flesh  is  thick,  yellow,  very  juicy,  sweet,  and  pulpy.     The  two  or  three  nutlets  are 


-.? 


id::. 


i.j 


140 


SILVA   OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


ROSACEA 


broad,  prominently  ridged  on  the  back,  with  broad  rounded  ridges,  and  penetrated  on  each  of  the  inner 
faces  by  a  broad  deep  depression. 

Cratagua  aucculenta  is  common  from  the  valley  of  the  St.  Lawrence  River  near  Montreal  to  the 
coast  of  New  England,  and  through  northern  New  York  and  southern  Ontario  to  northern  Illinuig, 
growing  on  open  hillsides  often  on  limestone.  First  distinguished  in  Europe  from  cultivated  plants, 
and  long  an  inhabitant  of  American  and  European  gardens,  it  was  formerly  confounded  with  Crataym 
coccinen  by  American  botanJHts. 


'  The  puliut  mention  of  Cmlirgm  meculmla  in/i  in  the  leed-list 
of  the  Uottiniten  Botanic  Ganlon  for  the  year  1823,  when  the  DMne 
only  ii  mentioned;  and  a  Mr>pii\u  nuxutenla  appean  without  de- 
scription in  the  tecond  and  third  editions  of  Sweet's  llorlia  Bolani- 
cui  published  in  1830  and  1830.  This  species  is  sometimes  found 
in  gardens  under  the  name  of  Cratayus  Dovningiif  a  name  which 


has  probably  never  been  publislied.     Plate  No.  exxzi.,  in  the  fourth 
Tolume  of  this  work,  purporting  to  represent  CnUagju  eoccinea,  vnr. 
macracantha,  properly   represents  Cratagut  nurulfiila,  as  I  iiuw 
understand  this  speoies. 
The  range  of  Cralagut  lucculettta  is  still  very  imperfectly  kuuwo. 


I 


i    I 


u  still  ?erj  imperfectly  known. 


RO«ACIl£. 


SILVA   OF  NORTH  AMEHICA 


141 


ORAT-ffiGUS  QEMMOSA. 


Haw. 


Stamens  20 ;  anthers  rose  color.     Leaves  broadly  oval  or  rarely  '^bovate. 

CratsBcpia  gemmosa,  Sargent,  Bot.  Oaxette,  xxziii.  119  (1902). 

A  tree,  occasionally  thirty  feet  in  height,  with  a  tall  trunk  ten  or  twelve  inches  in  diameter  covered 
with  dark  brown  scaly  bark,  and  stout  spreading  or  ascending  branches  forming  a  broad  rather  open 
sjmmetrical  head ;  or  often  shrubby  and  frequen*^!/  flowering  when  only  a  few  feet  tall.  The  brauchlets 
are  stout,  zigzag,  glabrous,  marked  by  numerous  oblong  pale  lenticels,  and  armed  with  straight  or 
slightly  curved  thick  chestnut-brown  spines  usually  about  two  inches  in  length ;  dark  orange-brown 
when  they  first  appear,  the  branchlets  are  bright  red-brown  or  gray-brown  and  lustrous  for  two  or 
three  years,  and  ultimately  become  dark  brown.  The  winter-buds  are  globose,  and  sometimes  nearly 
a  quarter  of  an  inch  in  diameter,  with  broad  ovate  rounded  shining  bright  red-brown  outer  scales  pale 
and  scarious  on  the  margins.  The  leaves  are  broadly  oval  or  rarely  broadly  obovate,  acute  or 
acuminate,  gradually  narrowed  and  cuneate  or  occasionally  rounded  at  the  base,  sharply  and  usually 
doubly  serrate  from  below  the  middle,  with  straight  glandular  teeth,  and  often  slightly  lobed  toward 
the  apex,  with  short  acute  lobes ;  dark  red  and  villose  as  they  unfold,  they  are  nearly  fully  grown  when 
the  flowers  open  from  the  middle  to  the  end  of  May,  and  are  then  membranaceous,  light  yellow-green, 
nearly  glabrous  above  and  pale  and  villose  below,  and  at  maturity  they  are  thick  and  firm  in  texture, 
very  dark  dull  green  on  the  upper  surface,  and  pale  and  pubescent  on  the  lower  surface  along  the 
stout  yellow  midribs  which  are  deeply  impressed  and  occasionally  puberulous  on  the  upper  side  and 
along  the  four  or  Ave  pairs  of  slender  pri<  .ry  veins  extending  obhquely  to  the  apex  of  the  leaf ;  they 
vary  from  an  inch  and  a  half  to  two  inches  and  a  half  in  length  and  from  an  inch  to  two  inches  in  width, 
and  are  borne  on  stout  deeply  grooved  villose  or  pubescent  petioles  more  or  less  winged  above,  glandular 
while  young,  with  minute  bright  red  caducous  gland-;  usually  pink  in  the  autumn,  and  from  one  quarter 
to  one  half  of  an  inch  in  length.  The  stipules  are  linear,  acuminate,  glandular,  bright  red,  and 
caducous.  On  vigorous  leading  shoots  the  leaves  are  more  coarsely  serrate,  frequently  divided  into 
short  acute  lateral  lobes,  and  often  four  inches  long  and  three  inches  wide,  with  rose-colored  midribs 
atid  stout  spreading  primary  veins ;  and  their  stipules  are  often  lunate,  acuminate,  coarsely  glandular- 
serrate,  and  frequently  a  quarter  of  an  inch  long.  The  flowers  vary  from  one  half  to  three  quarters 
u(  an  inch  in  diameter,  and  are  produced  in  slendei^brancbed  open  compound  villose  many-flowered 
corymbs,  with  lanceolate  or  oblanceolate  acuminate  glandular-serrate  conspicuous  bracts  and  bractlets. 
The  calyx-tube  is  narrowly  obconic,  more  or  less  villose,  with  matted  pale  hairs,  or  nearly  glabrous,  and 
t'lie  lobes  are  lanceolate,  acuminate,  glabrous  or  villose  on  the  outer  surface,  villose  on  the  inner  surface, 
coarsely  glandular-serrate,  with  bright  red  glands,  and  reflexed  after  anthesis.  There  are  twenty 
stamens  with  small  rose-colored  anthers,  and  two  or  three  styles  surrounded  at  the  base  by  a  narrow 
ring  of  pale  tomentum.  The  fruit,  which  ripens  early  in  October  and  becomes  vry  succulent  just 
liefore  it  is  ready  to  fall,  is  borne  in  drooping  many-fruited  glabrous  or  puberulous  clusters ;  it  is 
subglobose  or  short-oblong,  scarlet,  lustrous,  half  an  inch  in  diameter  when  fully  ripe,  and  crowned  by 
the  persistent  calyx  with  an  elongated  narrow  tube  and  reflexed  villose  lobes  which  are  bright  red 
toward  the  base  on  the  upper  side ;  the  flesh  is  thick,  yellow,  sweet,  and  succulent,  and  only  slightly 
adheres  to  the  two  or  usually  three  nutlets.  These  are  broad  and  flat  and  a  quarter  of  an  inch  in 
length,  with  prominent  rounded  dorsal  ridges,  and  are  penetrated  on  each  of  the  inner  faces  by  a  short 
broad  deep  cavity. 


'il! 


u 


I 


it 


!  I   '  J  i 
\  i 


142 


aiLVA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


KOHACK/C 


Cratagv8  genimoaa  grows  in  rich  forest  glades  and  on  the  margins  of  woods  usually  in  low 
moist  rich  soil,  and  is  distributed  from  the  neighborhood  of  Rochester,  New  York,'  and  Toronto 
Ontario,  through  Ontario'  to  the  southern  {leninsuU  of  Michigan,'  where  it  is  very  abundant  as  far 
north  at  least  as  the  neighborhood  of  Saginaw,*  and  where  it  probably  grows  to  its  largest  size." 


'  CVn(a';ui  gemmoia  wu  found  in  October,  IDOI,  by  Mr.  Julin 
Uuulwr  in  tbe  UensMc  Valley  Puk,  Kooheiter. 

'  In  OnUrio  Cralitgun  gtmmota  i>  common  in  the  neigblHirhood 
of  Toronto,  where  it  wm  collected  in  May  »nd  October,  11A)I,  by 
Mr.  D.  W.  Beadle,  and  near  London,  where  it  waa  found  by  C.  M. 
Sargent  in  September,  1001. 

'  i  je  earliest  Rpeoinien  of  this  tree  which  I  have  leen  was  col- 
leeted  csar  Gnuid  Rapid*,  Micbigmo,  by  Mr  C.  W.  Fallaia  in 
May,  1806. 


<  Tftle  Misf  K.  J.  Cole. 

•  Tbe  largest  s|»'eiraen  of  Craltgut  gemmoia  which  I  bare  seen 
is  growing  at  the  auntheaat  corner  of  Curtis  and  KoresU  streets  in 
Rrand  Kapids,  Michigan.  Tbij  tii  as  measured  by  Miaa  Cole 
uf  that  city  in  the  autumn  of  1001  is  thirty  feet  high,  with  a 
trunk  oiroumferenca  two  feet  abore  the  ground  of  thirty-four 
inches,  and  a  spread  of  branches  in  one  direction  of  twcnty-Hre 
feet  and  ieren  iucbes,  and  of  tweutyUwo  feet  in  tbe  other  direo- 
tion. 


EXPLANATION  OF  THE  PLATE. 


\l\\ 


PlATK    DCLXXXVI.      CKAT.COUS  (IRMMOSA. 

1.  A  flowering  brancli,  natural  size. 

2.  Vi>rtiral  section  of  a  Hnwer,  enlarged. 

3.  A  rrlyx-lobe,  enlarged. 

4.  A  t'niitinf;  hraiich,  natural  size. 

5.  Vortical  section  of  a  fruit,  enUrged. 
0.  Crow  section  of  a  fruit,  enlarged. 

7.  A  nutlet,  inner  face,  enlarged. 

8.  A  nutlet,  rear  view,  enlarged. 

9.  A  winter  branchlet,  natural  size. 


?    ''X\ 


HOHACEX 


woods  usually  in  low 
r  York,'  and  Toronto, 
8  very  abundant  as  far 

its  largest  size.' 


gui  gtmmottt  which  I  htm  ntcn 
if  Curtii  and  Koraiu  ilraeU  in 
ee  u  mcMiind  by  Miu  Cole 
)1  ii  thirty  feet  high,  with  a 
Te  the  ground  of  tliirly-fuur 
n  one  direction  of  twcnty-H»e 
nty.two  (oct  in  the  other  Jirec 


af  North  Ani«nca 


Tab  rCLXXX-/! 


■K 


'jj^n  .M 


142 


IUI.VA   OF  yORTll  AMKJUCA. 


Crattrtfiu  gtmmaun  f^^f  in  rich  forwt  ((IndeM  and  dii  tbo  iiwixina  of  woods   — ill> 
iiioint  rich   Hoil,  and  U  •it»rnhiiu*d  fron  tike  nr<g\t'fn\u»H\   of   llot'litittor,   New    Vork,'   4ii<l    I - 
<  )nUrio,  tliroiiKli  <.>nui'iu'   to   thr  ■umtkani  paoiiiMiU  of  Miclii^iiii,' nli«-ru  ii  in  very  abuiiiktu 
north  .'It  liMixt  M  thv  i>eighliorhu«Ml  of  Ni|(tu«w,*  luid  whcru  it  iiroliiihly  ijrowH  to  it*  lurgwit  hiic  ' 


I  J 


l>unb«r  in  Ibr  ii»u»»w  Vall»)r  l'«tk.  It  •   .. 

ttf  Turonio,  when*  it  «M  txill^'-i*- 
Mr  l>  W  Hmm1I».miiI  »»»'  '■  « 
IWy*iit  m  .<<*|iiaml>rr,  ltt>i 

lutui   ■••(  iinuwl    lUiuJii.    Vi-'k  ^ 
M*T.  IMS. 


■     Mr    Jtihu 
V' '■•■rhiMnt 

I..  (■    S, 

-•pvki   1   »«*)    »*'f  n  WAS  I  <iU 

»r  Ml  c  n.  r'kiitM  m 


•    nnf  MiiW  K.  .1    I'nlc 

m  Kruwin^  M  >tif'  kotutifiut  ourner  nf  Cujtu  «iul  ^  >' 
(rrAiift    lU|ll>l^,  Mirtii^oii.     Thii  tr*'i*  m  niruiirftl    ' 
■if  tli»t  i-ilir  111  Ibc   iuituti.n  u(  lUdl  u  tliirt)'   f»- 
trunk  i'iiTiini(rraiu<«  two   fcrl   alw**   tb»   ((roumi   .1 
iiiclim,  Mid  «  ii)irntd  uf  Imnvhoi  in  nm  i|ini<>tinn   ' ' 
frrl   mill  Mvrii  iiifb«s,  hihI  uf  twmitj-twii  feet  in  ()>• 


^  1  , 


I 


EXPLANATION  OK  TlIK   I'LATE. 

V\.\T*    IK;1  XXXVI.      C'llAT,«Blim  ilRMMIMA. 

1.  A  f(e»*ring  brmnrh.  nittiirsl  nit*. 

2.  Vrrtiral  M>rtlnn  nf  a  llnwiT,  enUrged. 
'i    A  fiilyx-loli*.  enUrifwI. 

)     'i  (niitiiii;  l>r«iuh,  natural  tni'. 
V  -ritiul  u^tiiin  uf  tt  fruit,  tinlargvd. 
f  itun  nt  «  fniit,  «nlari;eil. 
'    inner  fair*.  oiiUrued. 
f^i*f  liww,  riitar^oil. 
<'  M»t.  n»  iiral  •■<«. 


>)     ! 


:i    . 


'    ■  I  r 


ni'  a«   ii]fi|jiiir*->t 
Nil    l«  lliirly    f.-.  ■ 
iyyn    tlir    f^MUfKl    >  r 
ri   niitf  (lirPi'titii, 
•nljr-lwo  fMt  ID  lb* 


Silva  of  North  America 


r  K.yarf^n  litj 


Tab  DCLXXXVl 


Lartaudi  • 


CRATAEGUS    GEMMOSA  ?ar6 


A  Ht'    t  K4or  litrfw 


Itn4'  .  '  Tan^mr  Faiu 


\ 


\ 


RnNACVA 


SILVA   OF  NO  urn  AMKKICA. 


143 


ORATiEGUS  ILLINOIEN8IS. 
8o»rlet  Haw. 

Stamenh  10;  anthcrN  roHC  color.    LeavcH  brondly  obovate  to  oval,  acute  or  rounded 
Ht  the  apex,  HubcoriacoouH,  dark  green. 

Orataiffua  lUlnoltnsla,  Aihc,  Juiir.  Kliihii  MiteAtU  >SV/.  .SW.  ivi.  pt.  ii,  7M  (1900). 

A  tree,  rarely  more  than  leventeen  or  eighteen  feet  in  height,  with  a  Htem  four  or  five  incheH  in 
(liunieter  uoverud  with  thin  iloHe  Iwrk  broken  on  the  Hurfiice  into  piile  plate-like  Hcules,  and  divided  into 
Hevcral  virgate  branches  forming  a  wide  open-topped  head.  The  branchletH  are  stout,  Hooiewhat  zigzag, 
marked  by  itmall  dark  lentieeb,  and  armed  with  nuniurouH  slender  straight  or  Hoinewhat  curved  bright 
chestnut-brown  shining  spines  from  un  inch  and  a  half  to  nearly  three  inches  in  length  ;  dark  orange- 
green  and  covered  with  scattered  pale  caducous  hairs  when  they  first  appear,  they  become  bright  orange- 
liruwn  and  lustrous  during  their  first  Reason,  dark  brown  in  their  second  year,  and  ultimately  ashy  gray. 
The  leaves  vary  from  broadly  obovate  to  oval,  and  are  rounded  or  rarely  acute  at  the  wide  apex,  broadly 
cunvate  and  entire  at  the  base,  coarsely  and  often  doubly  serrate  above,  with  straight  or  incurved  teeth 
tipped  with  minute  deciduous  glands,  and  sometimes  slightly  and  irregularly  divided  toward  the  apex 
into  short  acute  lobes ;  when  they  first  unfold  they  are  covered  on  the  lower  surface  with  a  thick  coat 
of  hoary  tomentum  and  are  pilose  on  the  upper  surface,  and  when  the  flowers  open  about  the  twentieth 
uf  May  they  are  membranaceous,  yellow-green,  and  covered  above  with  short  pale  hairs  and  pubescent 
below  ;  in  the  autumn  they  are  thick  and  firm  in  texture,  dark  green  and  glabrous  above,  pale  and 
pubescent  below,  particularly  along  the  stout  midribs  and  four  to  six  pairs  of  primary  veins  deeply 
impressed  on  the  upper  side,  from  two  inches  to  two  inches  and  a  half  in  length  and  from  an  inch  and 
a  half  to  two  inches  in  width ;  they  are  borne  on  stout  grooved  petioles  slightly  winged  toward  the 
apex  by  the  decurrent  bases  of  the  leaf-blades,  usually  from  one  half  to  two  thirds  of  an  inch  long,  and 
generally  bright  red  below  the  middle  after  midsummer.  The  stipules  are  linear,  acuminate,  finely 
glandulur-serrute,  and  caducous.  On  vigorous  leading  shoots  the  leaves  are  usually  elliptical,  acute,  or 
acuminate,  more  coarsely  dentate  and  more  often  lobed  than  the  leaves  of  lateral  branchlets,  sometimes 
decurrent  nearly  to  the  base  of  the  stout  petioles,  from  three  to  four  inches  long  and  from  two  inches 
and  a  half  to  three  inches  wide,  with  foliaceous,  lunate,  coarsely  glandular-dentate,  stipitate  stipules 
often  three  quarters  of  an  inch  in  length.  The  flowers  arc  about  five  eighths  of  an  inch  in  diameter, 
and  are  produced  on  slender  pedicels,  in  broad  compact  many-flowered  villose  compound  corymbs,  with 
narrow  obovate  acute  or  acuminate  glandular  bracts  and  bractlets.  The  calyx-tube  is  narrowly 
obconic  and  coated  with  long  matted  pale  hairs,  and  the  lobes  are  broad,  acuminate,  very  coarsely 
glandular-serrate,  with  large  stipitate  bright  red  glands,  glabrous  on  the  outer  surface  except  at  the  base, 
villose  on  the  inner  surface,  and  reflexed  after  the  flowers  open.  There  are  ten  stamens  with  small  rose- 
colored  anthers,  and  two  or  usually  three  styles.  The  fruit,  which  ripens  early  in  October  but  does  not 
fall  until  after  the  beginning  of  winter,  is  borne  on  stout  bright  red  pedicels,  in  few-fruited  drooping 
villose  clusters,  and  is  globose,  scarlet,  lustrous,  marked  by  occasional  dark  dots,  more  or  less  villose 
at  the  ends,  and  half  an  inch  in  diameter ;  the  calyx  is  prominent,  with  a  short  villose  tube,  a  deep 
narrow  cavity,  and  spreading  lobes  which  are  lanceolate  from  broad  bases,  sparingly  glandidar-serrate 
or  nearly  entire,  villose  and  mostly  deciduous  before  the  fruit  ripens ;  the  flesh  is  thin,  yellow,  dry, 
and  mealy,  and  very  firm  and  solid  until  after  the  fruit  falls.  The  two  or  three  nutlets  are  broad 
and  thick,  prominently  ridged  and  grooved  on  the  back,  with  broad  high  ridges,  penetrated  on  each  of 
the  inner  faces  by  a  broad  deep  depression,  and  a  quarter  of  an  inch  long. 


]' 


J' 


I 


!'    i 


1;  \ 


I\  V 


144 


SUVA   OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


ROSACEA 


Cratctgus  Ulinoiensis  grows  in  open  woods  along  the  gravelly  banks  of  small  streams  in  Stark  and 
Peoria  counties,  Illinois,  where  it  is  not  common.  It  was  first  collected  in  May,  1889,  by  Mr.  Virginius 
H.  Ch  ije. 


EXPLANATION  OF  THE  PLATE. 

Plate  DCLXXWIL     Chat^qus  Illinoirnsu. 
1.  A  flowering  brancb,  natural  aize. 
'2.  Vertical  aection  of  a  flower,  enlarged. 

3.  A  calyx-lobe,  enlarged. 

4.  A  fruiting  branch,  natural  size. 

C.  Cross  section  o{  a  fruit,  natural  size. 

6.  A  nutlet,  side  .iew,  enlarged. 

7.  A  nutlet,  rear  view,  enlarged. 


'  t 


iliiHI 


K08ACEA 


all  streams  in  Stark  and 
1889,  by  Mr.  Virginius 


\w/:> 


?!> 


i 


#  i)d 


i 


t 


144 


SILVA    OF  NOHT/f  AMERICA. 


Cratauju*  UlsnoUinttM  grows  in  ofc.u  woods  aloupf  tiic  gravelly  banks  of  small  stroain.s  ' 
Puorla  couutitis,  lUinuu,  wh're  it  Ls  not  couiiiion      It  wa.s  first  eolletted  iu  May,  1S89,  hy  M' 
H.  Chase. 


KXnjlMATUM*  OK  THE   I'hATE. 

.       I  J         i'R.«T.tUil8    Il.LtMlIKNnlg. 

i<  "^mag  imtifk,  luuural  tiite. 

■    ,i.:riil  •«Miiin  of  a  flower,  enlarged. 

»  ■  *iyi-l.«U-.  (»nUrge<l. 
i    A  frtiiling  (.ranch,  natural  oite. 
r*    <,'rfMi8  aectiun  »(  a  frutt.  natural  nize. 

6.  A  nutlet,  aidti  vipir,  enlarged. 

7.  A  DUtlcl,  rear  vivw.  enlarged. 


!!' 


:f^ 


Silva  of  Norlli   Am(>r.c;,i 


TabDCLXXXVII, 


CEFa.rrn  ,M 


XitrUiuJ 


CFlATyEGUS   ILLINOIENSIS  A--he 


A  liuu^tv,^-  Jirtsr^ 


7ri/<  .  '  Tiineur  Airu 


\\ 


r  i 


i 


i 


II  \ 


\  I    ; 


li 


.   :< 


ROSACEA. 


8ILVA   OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


145 


CRAT^GUS  mTEQRILOBA. 


Red  Haw. 

Stamens  10  ;  anthers  pink  ;  calyx-lobes  entire, 
rhomboidal,  dark  green,  and  lustrous. 


Leaves  broadly  obovate  to  oval  or 


Cratwgua  integriloba,  Sargent,  Rhodara,  iii.  78  (1901). 

A  tree,  occasionally  eighteen  or  twenty  feet  in  height,  with  a  straight  erect  stem  six  or  eight  inches 
in  diameter,  and  wide-spreading  or  erect  branches  forming  an  op^n  irregular  head.  The  branchlets  are 
stout,  nearly  straight  or  occasionally  slightly  zigzag,  marked  by  small  scattered  pale  lenticels,  and  armed 
with  stout  nearly  straight  bright  chestnut-brown  lustrous  spines  from  an  inch  and  a  half  to  two  inches 
and  a  half  in  length  and  often  pointed  toward  the  base  of  the  branch ;  dark  orange-green  and  glabrous 
when  they  first  appear,  the  brar relets  become  very  lustrous  and  red-brown  or  orange-brown  during  their 
first  summer,  and  ultimately  dull  ashy  gray.  The  leaves  are  broadly  o'.ovate,  oval  or  rhomboidal,  acute 
at  the  apex,  gradually  or  abruptly  narrowed  and  cuneate  below  the  middle,  entire  toward  the  base, 
coarsely  doubly  serrate  above,  with  spreading  glandular  teeth,  and  irregularly  divided  into  numerous 
short  acute  or  acuminate  lobes ;  in  early  spring  they  are  coated  with  soft  pale  caducous  hairs,  and  in 
the  autumn  they  are  glabrous,  thin  but  firm  in  texture,  dark  green  and  lustrous  on  the  upper  surface, 
pale  yellow-green  on  the  lower  surface,  from  an  inch  and  a  half  to  three  inches  long  and  from  an  inch 
and  a  quarter  to  two  inches  wide,  with  slender  midribs  often  dark  red  at  the  base,  and  with  from  four 
to  six  pairs  of  slender  primary  veins  deeply  impressed  on  the  upper  side;  they  are  borne  on  stout 
grooved  petioles  more  or  less  broadly  winged  toward  the  apex,  puberulous  at  first  but  soon  glabrous, 
often  red  on  the  lower  side,  and  from  one  third  to  three  quarters  of  an  inch  in  length.  The  stipules 
are  linear,  finely  glandular-serrate,  villose,  light  red,  from  three  quarters  of  an  inch  to  an  inch  long, 
and  caducous.  The  flowers  open  during  the  first  week  in  June,  when  the  leaves  are  nearly  fully  grown, 
and  are  three  quarters  of  an  inch  in  diameter ;  they  are  produced  in  broad  open  many-flowered  com- 
pound thin-branched  villose  corymbs,  with  linear  glandular-serrate  caducous  bracts  and  bractlets.  The 
calyx-tube  is  broadly  obconic,  coated  toward  the  base  with  long  matted  white  hairs  and  glabrous  above, 
and  the  lobes  are  linear-lanceolate,  elongated,  entire,  or  very  rarely  furnished  with  an  occasional 
caducous  gland.  There  are  ten  stamens  with  stout  slender  filaments  and  large  rose-colored  anthers, 
and  two  or  three  styles  surrounded  at  the  base  by  a  narrow  ring  of  soft  white  hairs.  The  fruit  ripens 
at  the  end  of  September  or  early  in  October  and  is  borne  on  short  stout  pedicels,  in  drooping  or  erect 
many-fruited  slightly  villose  clusters ;  it  is  subglobose,  bright  scarlet,  lustrous,  rarely  marked  by  large 
pule  dots,  and  from  one  third  to  one  half  of  an  inch  in  diameter;  the  calyx  is  prominent,  with  a 
comparatively  broad  deep  cavity  and  elongated  entire  lobes  which  are  dark  red  on  the  upper  side  at 
the  base,  much  reflexed  and  persistent ;  the  flesh  is  thin,  yellow,  sweet,  and  pulpy.  The  two  or  three 
nutlets  are  thick  and  broad,  prominently  and  often  doubly  ridged  on  the  back,  penetrated  on  each  of 
the  inner  faces  by  a  broad  deep  longitudinal  groove,  and  about  a  quarter  of  an  inch  long. 

Orata-gnu  integriloba  grows  on  low  limestone  ridges  in  the  region  south  of  the  St.  Lawrence  River 
near  the  Lachine  Rapids,  where  it  was  discovered  at  Beauharnois  in  August,  1899,  by  Mr.  J.  G.  Jack, 
whu  has  found  it  also  at  Caughnawaga,  Rockfield,  and  Adirondack  Junction. 


;, 


I 


M 


EXPLANATION  OF  THE  PLATE. 


Platk  DCLXXXVIH.    CRAT,«nvg  iNTEOitiLOByt. 

1.  A  flowering  branch,  natural  size. 

2.  Vertical  lection  o(  a  flower,  enlarged. 

3.  A  calyx-lube,  enlarged. 

4.  A  fruiting  branrh.  natural  aize. 

5.  Oroxk  section  of  a  fruit,  enlarged. 

6.  A  nutlet,  front  view,  enlarged. 

7.  A  nutlet,  rear  view,  enlarged. 


# 


7.GU?.   !NTf 


•1  < 


il 


I 


i  I' 


I 


;  lif 


II: 


EXPfANATlON  OF  TlIK   ri,..!'K. 


^'i.XXXVUI.      CR*T.Kr.rS    IXTKOKILOIIA. 

w»rinc  bnLDcb,  natunl  aiw. 
-.!  >.—iiiih  fl  A  fluiror,  enUrgt><l. 

''t.siirti.  tmlunil  aite. 
;   .    —     .-  '    •   fr'iit,  ynUrgPli. 

(i.  A  nittliil,  1 1  >larL;iHl. 

7     A  nati«t,  Mat  vi>  .«  irtf']. 


Silva  of  North  America  . 


I'  f'  .^ttavn  d^ 


Tib.DCLXXXVin. 


V  #» 


l.irtutti/  J'C' 


CRATAEGUS   INTEGRILOBA  fars. 

O 


V 


^J 
:/i| 


UUHACKiS. 


aiLVA   OF  NORTU  AMERICA. 


147 


CRATAEGUS  MAORAOANTHA. 


Soarle ,  Eaw. 


Stamens   10;  anthers  pule  yellow, 
corinceous,  dark  green,  and  lustrous. 

CratteguB  maoraoantha,  Koehna,  Deutsche  Dendr.  236 

(in  part)  (not  Loudon)  (1893).  —  Lange,  Rev.  Spec,  Oen. 

Cratttgi,  67,  t.  8  A. 
MespUua  odorata,  WendUnd,  Flora,  1823,  ii.  700  (not 

Crattfgtu  odorata,  Boae). 
Crattegus  glandulosa,  /3  maoraoantha,  Lindley,  Bot.  Keg. 

xxii.  t.  1912  (1836). 
Crateegua  maoraoantha,  var.  minor,  Loadon,  Arb.  Brit. 

ii.  819,  {.  673  (1838). 


Leaves  broadly  obovate  to  elliptical  or  oval, 


CraUesus  ooccinea,  rar.  maoraoantha,  Dudley,  Bull. 
Cornell  Univ.  ii.  33  (Cayuga  Flora)  (1886). —  Sargent, 
Garden  and  Foreit,  ii.  412  (in  part)  i  SUva  N.  Am.  iv.  96 
(in  part).  —  Wat«on  &  Coulter,  Oray'e  Man.  ed.  6,  168 
(in  part).  —  Lange,  Bev.  Spec.  Oen.  Cratmgi,  30. 

Crattevua  rotundifoUa,  a  minor,  Dippel,  Handb.  Lauh- 
Mxk.  iii.  440,  f.  216  (1893). 


A  tree,  occasionally  fifteen  feet  in  height,  with  a  tall  stem  five  or  six  inches  in  diameter  covered 
with  pale  close  bark,  and  stout  wide-spreading  branches  forming  an  open  rather  irregular  head  ;  or  more 
often  a  tall  broad  shrub  sometimes  flowering  when  only  a  few  feet  high.  The  brar'ihlets  are  stout, 
slightly  zigzag,  marked  by  large  pale  lenticels,  and  armed  with  numerous  slender  usually  curved  very 
sharp  bright  chestnut-brown  lustrous  spines  from  two  inches  and  a  half  to  four  inches  in  length  ;  when 
they  appear  they  are  glabrous  and  dark  green  more  or  less  tinged  with  red,  and  during  their  first 
season  they  become  light  chestnut-brown  and  very  lustrous,  and  dull  reddish  brown  the  following 
season.  The  leaves  vary  from  broadly  obovate  to  elliptical  or  oval,  and  are  acute  or  rounded  and 
sometimes  short-pointed  at  the  apex,  gradually  or  abruptly  narrowed  and  cuneate  at  the  entire  base, 
coarsely  and  often  doubly  serrate  above,  with  straight  or  incurved  gland-tipped  teeth,  and  usually 
divided  above  the  middle  into  numerous  short  acute  or  acuminate  lobes ;  coated  on  the  upper  surface 
with  soft  pale  hairs  and  often  bright  red  when  they  unfold,  they  are  more  than  half  grown  when  the 
flowers  open  late  in  May,  and  are  then  dull  yellow-green  and  nearly  glabrous  on  the  upper  surface  and 
pale  and  puberulous  below,  particularly  along  the  midribs  and  veins,  and  in  the  autumn  they  are 
coriaceous,  dark  green,  lustrous,  and  glabrous  above,  frequently  puberulous  below  along  the  stout 
midribs  and  four  to  six  pairs  of  slender  primary  veins  extending  obliquely  to  the  points  of  the  lobes 
and  deeply  impressed  on  the  upper  side,  and  usually  from  two  inches  to  two  inches  and  a  half  long 
and  from  an  inch  and  a  half  to  two  inches  wide ;  they  are  borne  on  stout  grooved  petioles  more  or 
less  winged  above  by  the  decurrent  bases  of  the  leaf-blades,  generally  about  half  an  inch  long  and 
frequently  bright  red  after  midsummer.  Their  stipules  are  linear,  finely  glandular-serrate,  and  caducous. 
On  vigorous  leading  shoots  the  leaves  are  often  full  and  rounded  at  the  base,  coarsely  dentate,  from 
three  to  four  inches  long,  and  from  two  inches  and  a  half  to  three  inches  wide.  The  flowers  are  about 
three  luirters  of  an  inch  in  diameter,  and  are  produced  on  long  slender  pedicels,  in  broad  loose  thin- 
branchod  more  or  less  villose  many-flowered  compound  corymbs,  with  linear  acuminate  finely  glandular- 
serrate  caducous  bracts  and  bractlets.  The  calyx-tube  is  narrowly  obconic,  more  or  less  villose  or 
nearly  glabrous,  and  the  lobes  are  narrow,  elongated,  acuminate,  glandidar,  with  minute  dark  glands, 
glabrous  on  the  outer  surface,  slightly  villose  on  the  inner  surface,  and  reflexed  after  the  flowers  open. 
There  are  usually  ten  but  occasionally  from  eight  to  twelve  stamens  with  pale  yellow  anthers,  and  two 
or  three  styles  surrounded  at  the  base  by  a  broad  ring  of  hoary  tomentum.  The  fruit,  which  ripens  at 
the  end  of  September  and  often  does  not  entirely  fall  until  a  month  later,  is  borne  in  broad  erect 


148 


SUVA    OF  NOliTJI  AMERICA. 


ROSACRwt. 


many-fruited  uaiudly  ttlightfy  villoM  cliuter* ;  it  it  globoM,  oft«n  hairy  at  the  ends  until  nearly  ri|)«, 
when  it  ia  crimaon,  very  luatroun,  and  from  one  qiurter  t(>  one  third  uf  an  inch  in  diameter ;  the  calyx- 
cavity  ii  broad  and  shallow,  and  the  lobei,  which  are  much  enlarged,  are  coanely  serrate,  reliexed,  Hud 
perMlNtent ;  the  Hesh  is  thin,  dark  yellow,  dry,  and  mealy.  The  two  or  three  nutlets  are  rid){*>(i  on 
the  hark,  with  broad  high  ridges,  and  are  |)enetrate<l  on  each  of  the  inner  faces  by  a  deep  irregular 
depreNsion. 

Vrnt(ujHit  macrncantha  is  distributed  from  the  valley  of  the  St.  I^awrence  River  in  the  niMf^hliui^ 
hiH>d  of  Montreal  through  New  EngUnd,  and  southward  to  eastern  Pennsylvania  and  through  the 
region  south  of  the  Great  Lakes  to  northern  Illinois  and  M)uthern  Wisconsin,  growing  usually  on  rich 
hillsides  often  in  limestone  soil,  and  near  the  banks  of  streams. 


EXPLANATION  OF  THK  PLATE. 

Platc  DCLXXXIX.     Chat«(ivi  maoacamtha. 

1.  A  flowering  hranrh.  natural  liie. 

It.  VcrticAl  tcftinn  of  •  flower,  enlarged. 

3.  A  (raitin|{  lirancli.  natural  liie. 

4.  CroH  nection  of  a  fruit.  enlar|{e<I. 
^.  A  nutlet,  front  view,  enlar|{e<l. 

6.  A  nutlet,  lida  Tiav,  enlarged. 


.-'  i: 


:\  ■■! 


KOSACEit. 


ids  until  nearly  ri|i«, 
iliametttr;  tliu  nilyx- 
Berrote,  rellexvd,  luid 
utIeU  are  ridged  ou 
l>y  B  deep  irrejfulor 

iver  in  the  nl•i^{lll>()^ 
liii  and  through  tlm 
win(f  ummlly  on  rieli 


I   ; 


I  i 


14* 


S-^JLVA    OF  NOltril  AMKUICA. 


iu.in^-fruitc<i  usually  «)ightl}'  vilKtie  clusters ;  it  in  globoM,  often  hairy  at  tht>  eiuic  until  nty 
when  it  in  criiiMnn.  very  lustTouii,  and  fri>m  one  quarter  to  one  third  of  an  inch  in  diameter  .   <.> 
cavity  is  hroad  and  shallow,  and  the  lobes,  whi^  li  iirf  much  onliirf^wl,  are  coarsely  serrst*",  rtt^ 
j>emi»t<int ;  ibi'  rt«»ii   i)»  thin,  darit  yellow,  dr\'.  and   mealy.      The   two  or   threi-   U'.itletfi   iiri 
the  bnck,  witii  hrooil  high  ridges,  au<l  are  |M)iietrat««l  on  each  of  the  inner  faces   by  a  .U^x 
de|irwMou. 

CriiliKju*   inairiicantha  is  dwtnbiiiett  from   tlie  v.illoy  of  tl'.e  St.  l^iwrenee  Kiver  in  Jli- 
Kt>od  of  Montreal  through  Nevr  Kiitrtaiid,  and  itouthward  to  eastern    Pennsylvania  arid   \iir  ■ 
nuKion  south  of  the  (treat  Lake."  to  ttorth«ri)  lliiuuisi  and  Kontheni  Wisconsin,  growing  us^mI' 
hiiliiidat  often  in  )iine«tone  HUii,  und  Dwtr  the  bankg  of  xtreamB. 


KXIM-AKATION   OF  THE   PLATE. 

TtATK  IK'LXXXIX.     Cbat.k'ii's  macracantha. 

\.  \  Howering  branch,  natural  size. 

-.  Vertii^al  wction  of  a  flower,  enlarged. 

^.  A  fniitintr  branrli.  natural  iiiii>. 

4.  C'roiM  i4«i<tion  of  a  fniit,  onUrf^il. 

,^  A  nwUei.  front  »i»*w,  enl.-vi'ift'*!. 

fi  A  nutivt,  »kl«  TM>ir.  enlarged. 


Silvd  of  North  America 


Tab.  DCI,XXX!X. 


f'.S'/',j.r,in  .M 


/ftifJfflH 


CRATi^.GUS    MACRACANTHA.Kophr 


W/iV,' 


t  'u.t-  itiy-tur 


/ntf  .  '  Tif;e4tr    .Kift.r 


ROSACEA 


SILVA   OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


149 


CBAT^aUS  ASHEI. 


Haw. 


Stamens  20;  anthers  yellow.  Leaves  broadly  ovate  or  obovate,  lustrous,  dark 
green,  thick,  and  firm. 

Crateegus  Aatiei,  B«adle,  Bot.  OaxetU,  xxx.  339  (1900). 

A  tree,  rarely  more  than  twenty  feet  in  height,  with  a  slender  trunk  covered  with  smooth  light 
gray  or  red-hrown  bark  which  becomes  fissured  and  scaly  on  old  individuals,  and  stout  ascending 
branches  forming  a  pyramidal  or  oval  head ;  or  often  shrubby  with  numerous  stems.  The  branchlets 
are  slender,  somewhat  zigzag,  marked  by  small  oblong  pale  lenticels,  and  armed  with  straight  or  slightly 
curved  thin  dark  red-brown  shining  spines  from  an  inch  to  an  inch  and  a  half  in  length ;  when  they 
first  appear  they  are  light  red-brown  and  coated  with  long  pale  matted  reflexed  hairs  which  gradually 
disappear,  and  during  their  first  season  they  become  nearly  glabrous,  lustrous,  and  orange-brown  or  red- 
brown,  and  light  gray  or  gray  tinged  with  red  during  their  second  season.  The  leaves  are  broadly 
ovate  or  occasionally  obovate,  u.ute,  and  generally  short-pointed  at  the  apex,  gradually  or  abruptly 
narrowed  and  cuneate  and  usually  entire  at  the  base,  coarsely  and  occasionaUy  doubly  serrate  above, 
with  straight  or  incurved  teeth  tipped  with  small  dark  glands,  roughened  ca  the  upper  surface  by  short 
pale  hairs  and  pubescent  below,  particularly  on  the  thin  midribs  and  slender  primary  veins ;  nearly  fully 
grown  and  membranaceous  when  the  flowers  open,  at  maturity  they  are  thin  but  firm  in  texture,  dark 
green  and  lustrous  on  the  upper  surface,  pale  rn  the  lower  surface,  and  about  two  inches  long  and  an 
inch  and  a  half  wide.  They  are  borne  on  stout  petioles  which  are  broadly  winged  above  by  the 
decurrent  bases  of  the  leaf-blades,  glandular,  pubescent  at  first  but  ultimately  nearly  glabrous,  and  about 
half  an  inch  long.  The  stipules  are  narrowly  lanceolate,  straight  or  falcate,  and  glandular-serrate.  On 
vigorous  leading  shoots  the  leaves  are  usually  broadly  oval  or  nearly  orbicular,  rounded  or  short-pointed 
at  the  apex,  from  two  inches  and  a  half  to  three  inches  long  and  from  two  inches  to  two  inches  and  a 
half  wide.  The  flowers,  which  open  early  in  May  and  are  three  quarters  of  an  inch  in  diameter,  are 
produced  in  three  to  ten-flowered  simple  or  compound  thin-branched  villose  corymbs,  with  large  wide 
conspicuous  glandular  bracts  and  bractlets.  The  calyx-tube  is  broadly  obconic,  thickly  coated  with 
long  matted  reflexed  white  hairs,  and  the  lobes  are  foliaceous,  broad,  acute,  nearly  glabrous  on  the  outer 
surface,  villose  on  the  inner  surface,  glandular,  with  small  dark  long-stalked  glands,  and  strongly  reflexed 
after  the  petals  fall.  There  are  twenty  stamens  with  elongated  slender  filaments  and  small  yellow 
anthers,  and  from  three  to  five  stylus  surrounded  at  the  base  by  a  narrow  ring  of  pale  hairs.  The  fruit, 
which  ripens  and  falls  late  in  September  or  in  early  October,  is  borne  on  stout  villose  or  glabrous 
})e(licels,  in  few-fruited  drooping  clusters ;  it  is  globose  or  often  rather  longer  than  broad,  bright  red, 
marked  by  large  scattered  dots,  more  or  less  villose  toward  the  ends,  and  about  an  inch  in  diameter ; 
the  calyx-cavity  is  broad  and  deep  and  the  lubes  are  elongated,  coarsely  glandular-serrate,  erect,  and 
incurved  or  reflexed ;  the  flesh  is  thick  and  yellow.  The  nutlets,  which  vary  from  three  to  five  in 
number,  are  deeply  grooved  and  ridged  on  the  back,  rather  thin,  and  a  third  of  an  inch  in  length. 

Cratagus  Ashei  inhabits  abandoned  fields  and  woods,  growing  usually  on  clay  soils  in  the  neigh- 
borhood of  Montgomery,  Alabama,  where  it  was  first  collected  in  September,  1899,  by  Mr.  C.  M. 
Boynton  of  the  Biltmore  Herbarium.     It  has  been  named  for  Mr.  W.  W.  Ashe.' 


'  Williani  WilUrd  Asha  (June  4, 1872),  «  desoendsnt  of  h  family 
famous  in  Nurth  Cnrulina  during  the  Kerolutionary  period,  waa 


lurn  ill  Raleigh,  in  that  state.     He  was  eclueated  at  the  University 
of  Nurth  Carolina,  where  he  wai  graduated  in  1801,  and  at  onoe 


150 


81LVA   OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


nOSACELK. 


beoame  *n  MaiitMit  in  tb*  G«ologioal  Snrrcj  a(  the  itete.  Th« 
following  winter  be  apent  at  Cornell  Unirersitjr,  ttudying  geologjr 
and  botaojr,  obtaining  the  degree  of  Matter  of  Soienoe.  The 
following  year  Mr.  Aihe  waa  appointed  foreiter  of  the  North 
Carolina  Geological  Surrey,  a  poaition  wbioh  he  still  boldi,  and 
began  a  itudy  of  the  Pine  lands  of  the  eastern  part  of  that  state. 
He  has  alio  become  connected  with  the  Forestry  Dirision  of  the 
United  States  Department  of  Agriculture,  and  has  made  numerous 
journeys,  prinoipally  through  the  southern  state*,  for  the  purpose  of 


examining  their  forest  resouraes  and  of  ttudying  their  flora.  Among 
bis  numerous  publications  are  papers  on  The  Foralt  and  Forat  Landt 
of  Eattem  North  Carolina,  Foretl  Fira  and  their  Prevmlion,  Timber 
Treet  of  North  Carolina,  and  The  Afanu/adurt  of  Maple  Syrup  ami 
Sugar,  published  in  the  Bulletins  of  the  North  Carolina  d'ological 
Survey.  He  has  also  published  a  number  of  botanical  papen, 
chiefly  in  the  Journal  of  the  Elitha  Milchell  Scienlijic  Sociely,  in 
which  he  has  described  many  speeies  of  plant*,  prinoipall;'  in  the 
genera  Panioom  and  CratBgna. 


:,«-»;i'!V-" 


EXPLANATION  OF  THE  PLATE. 

.'latk  DCXC.    Crataous  Ahhei. 

1.  A  flowering  branch,  natiml  aize. 

2.  Vertical  section  of  a  flower,  enlarged. 

3.  A  calyx-lobe,  enlarged. 

4.  A  fmiting  branch,  nataral  siie. 

6.  Vertical  aeetion  of  a  fruit,  natural  liie. 

6.  Croia  section  of  a  fri-     natanl  size. 

7.  A  nutlet,  tide  view,  e.  Jirged. 

8.  A  nutlet,  rear  view,  enlarged. 


m 


ROSACEA 

)f  itudying  their  flora.  Among 
>o  The  Foreitt  and  Fureil  Landt 
and  their  Prevention,  Timber 
mu/acturt  of  Maple  Syrup  ami 
the  North  Cmrolinn  <icologic«| 
number  of  botanicnl  papen, 
Alilrketl  Scientijic  Socieig,  in 
11  of  pUutt,  prinoipall;'  iu  the 


>(■  Niirili    n;\ 


•/ 


^   ^i   I 


■EGUS    ASI.El    B«ad 


ia> 


S/LVA    OF  NOJiTll  AMERICA. 


BaBACi;;.^ 


liMMDo  u>  uioutt  in  Uw  (}«al<>4:M>l  !«Mrf«]  -I  tto  MnAa.  TW 
feltovmi;  winUr  ha  ipast  M  CwiMtt  laiviiiMiy  atwljiwd  f«6k<K; 
•nri  boUiif,  i>buiai.i||  Um  iftm  of  MtMH  '><  Htiwww.  11w 
foUowiog  j««r  Mr.    Ajtw  <tv  i«-,- 

•oigwi  «  (twtj  of  tW  '^' 
II*  hw  kito  hantr." 
I'lutad  iHMM  )*;; 


'    <.vt    u(    tlM    NilHh 
i>iu<  <i'  Ibftt  nUta. 


eiuainiiig  Uioir  forrat  ntaourcM  and  of  itiidvin):  llwir  Hon.    Am  %^ 
tiu  immeruii»  publicaliona  are  pup«r>  nii  7'Ai>  ^'of  ■■«  ant/  Form  /,««,• 
0/  Kttttem  Nitrih  CarMinii,  Fornt  Firts  athd  Ihnr  I'mttnhor*,  TmJw- 
Trrn  nj  Sorth  Carolma,  &iid  'fkf  MituHjai-iurt  t}/  Mnptt  S^ruv  a.; 
Sugur,  piibluihed  in  tbo  Miillctina  of  the  North  Carolina  ftcotufv.-. 
Snrvej.      lie  baa  alao  (lubliahrd  a  nuiulur  of  liounioil  |M|Kin. 
ohinHy  in  the  Jmmial  nJ  thf  EU$ha  MUrhrtt  Srimit/if  .Socwty, 
whit'h  ho  ba^  dracribnti  luanj  apeviaa  of  |iUaU,  pnucipajly  m 
genera  Panicuiji  and  CraUogua. 


KXTLANATION  OK  THE   PLATK 

Plait  DCXC     CuAT.iwirii  Amiki. 

1.  A  Howeriii);  brancli,  iiatnral  aiie. 

3.  V'rrtiral  aertiuii  of  a  tlower,  enlarged. 

3.  A  <!»lyx-lob«,  erl«rg«l. 

4.  A  fruiting  liranrh,  natural  aixti. 

5.  Vertical  arcliun  of  »  fruit,  natural  site, 
a.  Croaa  wtnion  of  a  fniit,  natural  aize. 

'    .K  nutlal,  aide  »iew,  i«nlarf»cd. 
^      itlet,  t«tt  fiew,  eolar)^. 


■  I  I 


:  I ; 


f  ■'ludyinif  ilwir  rtora,  Ant.ik| 
/  hf  fWmiM  atiit  Fifrett  tttngi 
a  and  iMeir  I'rrvention,  Timlvr 
>ii4/(ii'(ur«  [•/  Maf,le  Sfruf  a.. 
hv  North  ('.roliiin  ficoli^pj^! 
iiuculwr  <.r  li<>tiuii<ml  |i«p«>v 
MurhrU  SetmnKe  Socviy,  ./ 
"t  pluiiU,  priuci)»llv  lu 


Silva  of  Norlli  America 


Tab    DCXC 


(-' I' Fiijy-i  .W 


Jiirnjcilf  so. 


CRATi^GUS    ASHEI.Bead. 


//  ///. '.  '■Tfiu^r  (TV/'i-w  ' 


/mp  .  ^  Tan^Jtr  Paru 


\i 


I 

\\ 

ij 

'  \  > 
if  ■ 


til 

■  w 


I 


ROHACRiB. 


SUVA   OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


151 


ORAT^aUS  HARBISONI. 


Haw. 


Stamens  20;  anthers  light  yellow, 
ccous,  durk  green,  and  scabrous  above. 


Leaves  oval  to  obovate,  lustrous,  subcoria- 


Cratffigus  Harblaoni,  Besdie,  Bot.  Oaxttte,  zzviii.  413  (1899).  — Qattinger,  Fl.  Tennuiee,  98. 

A  tree,  sometimes  twenty-five  feet  in  height,  with  a  trunk  ten  or  twelve  inches  in  diameter  covered 
with  light  gray  or  gray-brown  fissured  and  scaly  bark,  and  often  armed  with  straight  or  much-branched 
gpines,  and  stout  wide-spreading  light  gray  or  reddish  branches  forming  a  wide  rather  open  and 
symmetrical  head.  The  branchlets  are  slender,  nearly  straight  or  occasionally  slightly  zigzag,  marked 
by  large  scattered  oblong  pale  lenticels,  and  furnished  with  numerous  usually  stout  straight  dark 
red-brown  lustrous  spines  from  an  inch  and  a  half  to  two  inches  in  length ;  when  they  first  appear 
they  are  dark  red-brown  and  coated  with  long  spreading  white  hairs,  and  during  their  first  summer 
they  are  pubescent  or  glabrous  and  light  reddish  brown  or  orange-brown,  becoming  light  or  dark 
gray  during  their  second  year.  The  leaves  are  oval  or  broadly  obovate,  acute  at  the  apex,  cuneate  or 
full  and  rounded  at  the  entire  base,  coarsely  serrate  above,  ith  straight  glandular  teeth,  roughened 
on  the  upper  surface  by  stout  rigid  pale  hairs  and  soft  and  pubescent  below ;  nearly  fully  grown 
early  in  May  when  the  flowers  open,  they  are  then  thin,  dark  yellow-green  above  and  pale  below,  and 
in  the  autumn  they  are  thick  and  fL-m  in  texture,  dark  green  and  lustrous  on  the  upper  surface,  pale 
on  the  lower  surface,  from  two  inches  to  two  inches  and  a  half  long  and  from  an  inch  to  an  inch  and 
a  half  wide,  with  stout  midribs  and  primary  veins  deeply  impressed  on  the  upper  side  of  the  leaf,  and 
conspicuous  reticulate  veinlets ;  they  are  borne  on  stout  villose  petioles  more  or  less  winged  above, 
furnished  like  the  base  of  the  leaf-blade  with  numerous  large  stipitate  dark  glands,  and  from  one 
quarter  to  one  half  of  an  inch  in  length.  The  stipules  are  acute,  straight  or  falcate,  and  conspicuously 
glandular-serrate.  On  vigorous  leading  shoots  the  leaves  are  often  broadly  ovate,  cuneate  and  decurrent 
below  on  their  stouter  petioles,  three  or  four  inches  long  and  from  two  inches  and  a  half  to  three 
inches  wide,  and  their  stipules  are  lunate,  coarsely  glandular-dentate,  and  frequently  half  an  inch  in 
length.  The  flowers  are  three  quarters  of  an  inch  in  diameter,  and  are  produced  in  broad  loose  long- 
branched  compound  many-flowered  villose  corymbs,  with  broad  acute  glandular-serrate  bracts  and 
bractlets.  The  calyx-tube  is  broadly  obconic,  densely  villose  at  the  base  and  glabrous  or  pubescent 
above,  and  the  lobes  are  foliaceous,  elongated,  gradually  narrowed  from  broad  bases,  acute,  bright 
green,  more  or  less  villose,  and  coarsely  glandular-serrate,  with  large  stipitate  dark  red  glands.  There 
are  usually  twenty  or  from  ten  to  twenty  stamens  with  elongated  filaments  and  large  light  yellow 
anthers,  and  from  three  to  five  styles.  The  fruit  ripens  and  falls  early  in  October,  and  is  subglobose 
but  often  rather  longer  than  broad,  bright  red  or  orange-red,  and  marked  by  numerous  large  dark 
dots;  the  calyx  is  enlarged  with  a  broad  shallow  cavity  and  wide-spreading  glandular  lobes  which 
often  fall  before  the  fruit  ripens ;  the  flesh  is  yellow,  thick,  dry,  and  mealy.  The  nutlets  vary  from 
three  to  five  in  number,  and  are  thin,  rounded  and  sometimes  prominently  ridged  on  the  back,  and 
about  a  quarter  of  an  inch  in  length. 

Cratcegua  Uarbisoni  inhabits  the  dry  limestone  hills  and  ridges  of  West  Nashville,  Tennessee, 


^1  i 


'H  \ 


fe 


;! 


M 


I ;' 


i-r" 


r  i;i 


152 


SUVA   OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


R0SACK.1C, 


whore  it  is  uommon.     It  has  been  named  for  Mr.  T.  0.  Harbison '  of  the  Biltmore  Herbarium,  by  whom 
it  was  collected  in  May,  1899.' 


>  Thomai  Grant  Hubiion  (April  23,  1862)  WM  bom  in  Uwiii- 
burg,  Union  Count/,  renntjiTaaia,  «h«r«  h*  attandxl  the  public 
•obooli  and  aoquirvd  a  lova  for  planti  from  one  of  hia  tt-aoliera, 
Mr.  C.  K.  Kdniondi,  an  entbuiiaitio  amateur  Imtanist.  After 
leaving  tohool  Mr.  Harbiton  taught  in  the  public  naliiwU  of  I'niun 
County  for  Mven  year*,  punuing  at  the  ume  time  ttudies  in 
leienoe  under  a  private  tutor.  In  the  spring  of  18Htl  he  made  a 
botanical  tour  on  foot  along  the  Appalachian  Mountain!  from  Penn- 
■yUania  to  Georgia,  and  in  the  autumn  of  that  year  tattled  at 
llighlandi,  North  Caroliiuk,  where  fur  teveral  yean  be  conducted  a 


prirate  whool,  which  wa*  aftarwardi  remorad  to  WayneiTille, 
North  Carolina.  In  th«  ipring  of  1897  Mr.  Harbiton  became  cun- 
neeted  with  the  herbarium  on  Mr.  George  W.  Vanderbilt'a  eitale 
at  Miltmore,  North  Carolina,  where  he  ia  employed  aa  a  botanical 
collector. 

'  In  the  Kngelmann  herbarium  there  ii  a  epecimen  of  Cralaqut 
Harbitoni  collected  at  Naahville  in  September,  1877,  by  Dr.  A. 
Gattiuger,  who  wat  therefore  probably  the  diiooTerer  of  thii  ipo. 
cia*. 


EXPLANATION  OF  71'K  PLATE. 


if 


t  ' 


Plate  UCXCI.    Crat.kous  IIarbinoni. 

1.  A  flowering  branch,  natural  lite. 

2.  Vertiral  aeotion  of  a  flower,  enlarged. 

3.  A  ralyx-lo)>e,  enlarged. 

4.  A  fruiting  branch,  natnral  tiu. 

Ti.  Croat  lection  of  a  fruit  tliowing  tha  nutlets,  natural  liie. 
0.  Vertical  section  of  a  fruit,  natural  ti/«. 
7    A  nutlet,  tide  view,  onlarge<l. 
8.  A  nutlet,  rear  view,  enlarged. 


m 


ROSArE.K. 

Horbariuin,  by  whom 


mmoTwl  to  W«jrMifill», 
J  Mr.  Ilarbiion  baoatna  cm- 
>TgK  W.  Vuidcrbilt'a  aiUta 
ia  auiplojad  h  •  boUnical 

ia  •  apaoiinan  of  Cmlagui 
gptaiuber,  1877,  by  Dr.  A. 
the  diaooTarar  of  thia  ipo. 


,««i,''H<  '• 


■V 


/ 


I. 


'.^ 


r 


V:l 


I 


R> . 


I 


li 


't 


CRATi?  ■ 


:| 


I 


/tJLVA    OF  XOHT/f   AMHIUC  i. 


wbrra  it  k  MMUMW.     It  haa  hM 
it  WM  coIIm>«m1  in  Mar.  IMW.* 


for  Mr.  T.  0.  tUrbiiMiu '  of  Uix  Millmnrti  l{(trl)Ariiim, 


b«r(.  (,'•>■••  i'owMj,  P«WM«l<aiH»   artiM*  Its  cMMiAt^  iIm   iMkia 

Mr.  ('  v..  KaiaoMt*  •«  >»4tauM«»  •MMnir  kMMiM  After 
l««>iag  aebool  Mr  \tm^mm  te*^  a  Ih*  yakto  «kw4«  ut  liiiua 
C'aaaljp  fur  •**»•  •«•'■,  iww—g  •!  Mm  •••••  oiw  Madtaa  la 
wImim  imtr'  •  -«<••'•  oim  In  tiMi  fnkj  >l  WMh  l»  mmit  • 
butaiii. «'  ■  ■<!(  »>■«  >f  f  li*ii »  MinitimiM  t>— i  Vmum 

•}l«V'i'  •     't«t  w  Ik*  mNubo  >f  t*»l   ••••  ■rilW  «l 


ptiffti*  Mbnnl,   wkioh   wu   >funrtnb   r«mar«4   te   Wm 
Nurib  t'tmlint      In  Ih*  tpniiii  of  \*>t1  Mr.  Kirkwi*  W. 
•••••(I  with  iii«  lu'rlNkniim  un   Mr.  (iturf*   W.  VkmI***.* 
U  Htitaior*,  North  Osnilin*,  wlwia  b«  w  rinplujrrd  w    . 

MllMtM. 

*  In  tliA  Kii(vlm*nn  hcrlnkniini  th«r»  i#  ft  •|i*etttMt.    -s 
Harhuun*  cvHmlni  mi    NiiflivitU  in  fwpUtitbvr,    \^' 
(t«IUa(«r,  w<tu  WM  Ibrrtfon  pr<>l*bl;  lb*  ilittimnn 


KXPLANATION  OF  THE   PLATE. 

I>i,*rR  I)CX('I.    CiiAT.ixii'a  IIarbiiidni. 
I.  A  Aoiraring  brWMih,  nntiirnl  tiae. 
3.   V'nrtirnI  Mcliun  of  n  Howrr,  •nUrgixJ. 
S.  A  <-»lv«-lol>»,  fnlnr;{«i). 
^.   A  fruiting  hrtnrli,  ti«(iinkl  nit*. 

.'•    Cn—  wctina  uf  a  (ruit  *lio»inK  th*  nutloln,  natural  9i<<>. 
<>    Vertical  Mirtian  of  «  fruit,  natural  tif*. 

^  «<iU«(.  "lije  »ie«,  nnl»rm*l. 
'     A  lUitiM    taar  riaw,  •nlar|^l. 


tt»t 

r  I(«rl)Arimn.  i  >  . 

<!•  nmorwl   «•.    i^ » . 

wr  Mr.  Ii»hi«..  W    . 

;...rf.  w  v.»a.. ,, 

If*  14  vmpluy^d  «•    < 

•r»  II  ■  tyttltatn,      1 

.'^|>l«n>lwr,    11' 

il;  llw  aUouvvfOT    . 

Silv*  ol'  North  Atntrici 


Tab.DCXCI. 


■^.Ki.n-1  .M 


CRATAEGUS    HARBISONI  Bead. 


^4  !u\  \  rt'u.r  t/iff\r 


/'»y  ■  ^  Ttifi^tr  I'ttru' 


lariatui .. 


M 


!'■' 


m  ^' 


i   > 


• :-  ^f 


I  I 


ill 


ROSACELB. 


8ILVA   OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


153 


ORATiEGUS  VAILLffl. 


Haw. 


Stamens  20;  anthers  yellow, 
dark  green,  and  lustrous. 


Leaves  oval  or  rarely  obovate,  acute,  coriaceous, 


CratCBBUa  Vaili«e,  Britton,  Bull.  Tm-rey  Bot.  Club,  xxiv.  53  (1897).  —  Britton  &  Brown,  III.  Fl.  ii.  245,  f.  2005.  —  Britton, 

Man.  522.  —  Gattinger,  Fl.  Tennessee,  100. 

A  shrub,  sometimes  eight  or  nine  feet  in  height,  but  usually  much  smaller,  with  intricately  branched 
stems  covered  with  thin  bark  which  near  their  base  ia  ashy  gray  and  broken  into  small  plate-like  scales. 
The  branchlets  are  slender,  nearly  straight,  marked  by  occasional  pale  lenticels,  and  armed  with 
numerous  thin  straight  or  slightly  curved  bright  chestnut-brown  lustrous  spines  from  an  inch  and  a 
half  to  two  inches  and  a  half  in  length ;  dark  green  and  coated  with  long  matted  pale  hairs  when  they 
first  appear,  they  are  dark  red-brown  and  puberulous  during  their  first  year,  and  then  gradually  become 
dark  gray-brown  or  reddish  brown  and  glabrous.  The  leaves  are  oval  or  rarely  obovate,  acute, 
gradually  or  abruptly  narrowed  to  the  entire  base,  and  crenulate-serrate  generally  only  above  the  middle, 
with  glandular  teeth ;  they  are  villose  on  the  upper  surface  and  tomentose  on  the  lower  surface  as  they 
unfold ;  more  than  half  grown  when  the  flowers  open  about  the  middle  of  May,  they  are  then  thin, 
dark  yellow-green,  and  covered  above  with  short  appressed  hairs  and  paler  below ;  and  at  maturity 
they  are  coriaceous,  dark  green  and  lustrous  on  the  upper  surface,  pale  yellow-green  on  the  lower 
surface,  from  an  inch  to  an  inch  and  a  half  long  and  about  three  quarters  of  an  inch  wide,  with  stout 
midribs  and  usually  four  pairs  of  primary  veins  only  slightly  impressed  above  and  pubescent  or 
puberulous  below,  and  conspicuous  reticulate  veinlets ;  they  are  borne  on  stout  grooved  petioles  more 
or  less  winged  toward  the  apex,  at  first  tomentose  but  ultimately  puberulous,  and  from  an  eighth  to  a 
quarter  of  an  inch  in  length.  The  stipules  are  narrow-obovate,  usually  somewhat  falcate,  very  oblique 
at  the  base,  bright  red,  coarsely  glandular-serrate,  about  a  quarter  of  an  inch  long,  and  caducous. 
On  vigorous  leading  shoots  the  leaves  often  vary  from  broadly  ovate  to  nearly  orbicular,  and  are 
generally  divided  into  several  short  broad  acute  lobes ;  they  are  more  coarsely  serrate  than  the  leaves 
of  lateral  branchlets  and  are  frequently  two  inches  long  and  broad,  with  stout  midribs  often  tinged 
with  red  on  the  lower  side  toward  the  base,  and  foliaceous  lunate  coarsely  glandular-serrate  stipules 
sometimes  half  an  inch  in  length.  The  flowers  are  about  three  quarters  of  an  inch  in  diameter,  and  are 
produced  on  short  stout  pedicels  in  sessile  compact  simple  four  or  five-flowered  tomentose  corymbs, 
with  small  lanceolate  glandular-serrate  caducous  bracts  and  bractlets.  The  calyx-tube  is  broadly  obconic 
and  villose,  particularly  toward  the  base,  and  the  lobes  are  broad,  foliaceous,  acute,  laciniately  divided, 
glandular,  with  minute  dark  red  glands,  glabrous  on  the  outer  surface,  villose  on  the  inner  surface, 
and  reflexed  after  the  flowers  open.  There  are  twenty  stamens  with  stout  filaments  and  large  pale 
yellow  anthers,  and  five  styles  surrounded  at  the  base  by  a  broad  ring  of  hoary  tomentum.  The  fruit, 
wliich  ripens  at  the  end  of  September,  is  borne  in  erect  compact  clusters,  on  short  stout  villose  pedice's, 
and  is  subglobosc,  red  sometimes  more  or  less  tinged  with  green,  and  about  a  third  of  an  inch  in 
diameter,  with  thin  bright  yellow  flesh ;  the  calyx  is  much  enlarged,  with  a  broad  deep  cavity  and 
reflexed  persistent  glandular-serrate  lobes.  The  five  nutlets  are  thick,  rounded,  and  slightly  grooved 
on  the  back,  and  about  a  quarter  of  an  inch  long. 

Crntm/us  Vaillo',  which  was  long  confounded  with  Cratcerjiin:  uni flora,  grows  in  dry  soil  along 
the  borders  of  woods  and  fields,  and  is  distributed  from  southwestern  Virginia  to  western  North 


III 


!  : 


J  il 


t    J 


i' 


1 


:i  '^ 


3 
■  -I  1 


\  I 


U  I 


154 


SILVA   OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


ROSACEiE. 


Carolina,  where  it  is  common  up  to  elevations  of  twenty-five  hundred  feet  ahove  the  sea  and  to  eastern 
Tennessee. 

Cratagus  Vailice  was  named  for  Miss  Anna  Murray  Vail,'  who  gathered  it  in  May,  1890,  on  the 
banks  of  the  Roanoke  River  near  Roanoke,  Virginia." 


1  Anns  Mumy  Vail  (Janiurf  7,  1865),  the  libnrian  of  the  New 
York  Botanical  Garden  and  the  author  of  a  number  uf  phytogra- 
phical  papers  published  iu  the  Hullttin  of  the  Torrey  Botanical  Clvb, 
was  bom  in  New  York,  the  daughter  of  Uarid  Olypbant  Vail,  '  >r 
many  years  a  merchant  in  China,  and  through  bnr  mother  a  de- 
scendant of  the  first  I'ntroon  of  Kensselaerwyck  through  Hcndrick 
Van  Rensselaer  of  the  (ireeubush  Manor. 


'  The  oldest  specimen  of  Cratagui  Vailia  that  I  have  seen  is 
preserved  in  the  Gray  Herbarium,  and  wa*  collected  by  Asa  Gray 
on  the  French  Broad  Kiver,  probably  iu  18-11  or  184*2.  This  species 
was  gathered  by  C.  K.  Faxon  at  Kittrell'a  Spring,  North  Caro- 
lina, in  1873  ;  and  by  C.  8.  Sargent  in  September,  188J>,  un  the 
Little  Tennessee  River  and  on  Callisaga  Creek,  North  Carullua,  in 
September,  1880. 


,- ;! 


!i 


■i 


mm 


\ 


EXPLANATION  OF  THE  PLATE. 

Plate  DCXCU.    Cbat.bouh  Vaili.k. 

1.  A  flowering  branch,  natural  size. 

2.  Vertical  section  of  a  flower,  enlarged. 

3.  A  fruiting  branch,  natural  size. 

4.  A  fruit  divided  transversely,  enlarged. 
6.  A  nutlet,  side  view,  enlarged. 


fi 


ROSACE*. 

he  sea  and  to  eastern 
in  May,  1890,  on  the 


/>V 


5   I 


Vailio!  that  I  have  leen  ii 
waa  colleoteil  by  Au  (iniy 
1  IMl  or  1842.  This  apccics 
trell'f  Spring,  Nortli  C»ro- 
iii  September,  188Ji,  uii  the 
;a  Creek,  North  Carolina,  in 


^T-'X^-. 


i 


CRAT;^' 


I ) 


IM 


>//. »    I    OF  ^  OUT  If  AMhUJVA. 


Roeur^. 


Camlitia,  where  it  ii  pfmuuon  u|)  U>  «lovHtiuns  of  twi>nty-4ivc  hundred  feet  ahove  the  sea  and  to  e;u>: 
TcunesjM^. 

( 'idtayvs  ['iiiliii  wa»  nanie<i  for  Mi«s  Aiiim  Murray  Vail,'  who  gathered  it  in  May,  IHlMj,  <., 
boulu  of  the  KuHuoke  Riv<>r  near  Roanoke,  \  .irjrinLi.' 


•  Aunt  Mutay  VmI    .iMtur?  7.  tfWD.th*  Uhrorutu  -d  Uu<Nr» 
York  hoUsHwl  (ikr<i*a  osnt  the  rttttbni  of  »  nHuiknr  uf  f.x->  ^  ' 

wM  l«)ni  in  Sir*  V.irli.  th«  tUughliT  irf  l>»»i«l  lilTfiwiiT  .  „. 
mull  ix.mt*  1  uwrirhiuit  in  ('(una.  i'kI   fir.wif*!   I«ii  <b»«*ii!<  v    '■ 
'»«l)i»i  I'litrwin  ut  K«-n«~i«»»«)r«h  ttuoogk  tirMixli 
..  r  <>l  tb*  (irMubiuli  Miiurw 


■  Thi"  olilcHt  upccimen  of  ('rat(r(/ui  Vaiit'r  thiit   I   itiv v. 
prt«>rvi>d  ir  tlie  (fruy  llitrburium,  Hiul  wiM  t'olle<iU!i!  'i,> 
>n  «b«  Kranch  llnwl  Kirrr.proUbly  in  IMl  ur  IM'.^     11 
*  I-    y;4thprrd  by  C.  E.  Kxton  at   kitlrcU's  Spring.   Ncr 

,  ■■>  IHT.'J ;  and  by  C.  S.  S&r){ent  iti  S<ijit*mbpr.  l--' 
tjUii;  IVnm-tuce  Uivrr  »ii(l  on  CatluAga  I'rvi'k,  Nnrtii  >  . 
.Sopu-inUr,  IKHt). 


KXI'LANAIION   ii|.    TMK    I'L.V  IK 

I'urF.  IX'XCll.     CKAT.Kijirs  Vaili.k. 
1.  A  Itovrcrinif  branch,  natural  iiizc. 
iJ.  Vorti«»l  sertion  ot  a  flower,  rntarK«t. 

3.  A  fruitint;  brsiirh,  nnliirul  iii«e. 

4.  A  fnni  ilivitbnl  lraii«vcr«cly,  cnlargeJ. 
:'^     A  nutlet,  iiclii  vin*.  enUr(;«?d. 


Ill:' 


lio  sen  anil  in  .-  ., 


oilva  of  North   Americi. 


Tab.  DCXCIl. 


r  that   1  luv.-  ^. 
1  ■  <  olt(H!ieil   U^   A  ^j, 
lKllorl!M'2      II 
tLrtir*  Spring.    S-  .' 
in   S«'|>t<»nilifr    t-^-' 
::i  I'rvck,  Nartti  (    ,     ; 


ci: /■■„.,.■;  M 


CRATy^LGUS   VAILI^  Bn-t 


KOHACEiE, 


SILVA   OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


155 


ORAT^GUS  FLAVA. 


Haw. 


Stamens  20 ;  anthers  purple.    Leaves  elliptical  to  obovate,  usually  acute,  membra- 
naceous, yellow-green. 

CrataegUB  flava,  Aiton,  Hort.  Kew.  ii.  169  (1789). 

A  tree,  from  fifteen  to  twenty  feet  in  height,  with  a  tall  tnuk  eight  or  ten  inches  in  diameter 
covered  with  thick  dark  brown  bark  tinged  with  red,  and  deeply  divided  into  narrow  rounded  ridges, 
and  stout  wide-spreadihg  branches  forming  an  open  and  somewhat  irregular  head  sometimes  twenty 
feet  across.  The  branchlets  are  slender,  slightly  zigzag,  glabrous,  marked  by  numerous  small  pale  lenti- 
cels,  and  armed  with  thin  nearly  straight  bright  chestnut-brown  spines  from  three  quarters  of  an  inch 
to  an  inch  and  a  quarter  in  length ;  they  are  dark  green  deeply  tinged  with  red  when  they  first 
appear,  and  dull  red-brown  or  orange-brown  during  their  first  season,  becoming  gradually  darker  the 
following  year,  and  ultimately  dark  gray-brown.  The  leaves  are  elliptical  o:  broadly  obovate,  acute  or 
rarely  rounded  at  the  apex,  gradually  narrowed  and  cuneate  at  the  base,  coarsely  and  doubly  serrate, 
with  broad  straight  or  incurved  teeth  tipped  with  large  dark  red  stipitate  glands  which  are  also  con- 
spicuous on  the  entire  base ;  when  they  unfold  they  are  bronze  color,  villose  above  with  occasional  short 
pale  caducous  hairs  which  are  most  abundant  near  the  base  of  the  midribs,  and  pubescent  below  on  the 
midribs  and  veins ;  they  are  about  half  grown  when  the  flowers  open  from  the  tenth  to  the  twentieth  of 
April,  and  at  maturity  are  membranaceous,  yellow-green,  usually  about  two  inches  long  and  an  inch 
and  a  half  wide,  with  slender  yellow  midribs  and  three  or  four  pairs  of  thin  primary  veins  usually 
puberulous  on  the  under  side  and  only  slightly  impressed  above;  they  are  borne  on  slen  le  <-ooved 
glandular  petioles  winged  often  nearly  to  the  base  by  the  decurrent  leaf-blades,  generally  about  half  an 
inch  long,  more  or  less  villose,  and  after  midsummer  often  Ught  red  on  the  lower  side.  The  stipules 
are  linear,  acute,  and,  like  the  inner  scales  of  the  leaf-buds,  bright  red  and  glandular.  On  vigorous 
leading  shoots  the  leaves  are  frequently  three  inches  long  and  two  inches  wide,  and  are  sometimes 
broadly  ovate,  and  three-lobed  or  divided  into  two  or  three  pairs  of  lateral  lobes,  with  petioles  which 
vary  from  an  inch  to  an  inch  and  a  half  in  length  and  are  broadly  winged  and  conspicuously  glandular, 
and  foliaceous  lunate  or  elliptical  coarsely  glandular-serrate  stipules.  The  flowers  are  about  three 
quarters  of  an  inch  in  diameter,  and  are  produced  on  short  slender  pedicels,  in  few-flowered  simple  or 
compound  slightly  villose  compact  corymbs,  with  lanceolate  acute  coarsely  glandular-serrate  bracts  and 
bractlets  which  become  light  red  before  falling.  The  calyx-tube  is  broadly  obconic  and  glabrous,  and 
the  lobes  are  wide,  acute,  usually  laciniately  divided,  and  very  glandular.  There  are  twenty  stamens 
with  long  filaments  and  large  purple  anthers,  and  five  styles.  The  fruit,  which  ripens  early  in  October 
and  soon  falls,  is  produced  in  few-fruited  drooping  clusters ;  it  is  oblong,  full  and  rounded  at  the  ends, 
dark  orange-brown,  from  one  half  to  five  eighths  of  an  inch  long  and  from  one  third  to  one  half  of  an 
inch  wide ;  the  calyx  is  prominent,  with  a  long  narrow  tube  and  enlarged  clo:  Jy  appressed  lobes  often 
deciduous  before  the  fruit  ripens ;  the  flesh  is  thick,  orange-colored,  dry,  and  mealy.  The  five  nutlets 
are  ridged  and  deeply  grooved  on  the  back,  with  high  narrow  ridges,  and  about  a  quarter  of  an  inch 
long. 

Cratcegus  Jlava  grows  in  dry  sandy  soil  and  is  now  known  to  me  only  in  the  neighborhood  of 


ill 


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156 


8ILVA   OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


ROSACEA 


River  Junction,  Florida,  and  on  the  saud  hills  of  Summerville  west  of  the  city  of  Augusta,  Georgia. 
According  to  Aiton  it  was  cultivated  in  London  in  1758  by  Philip  Miller.' 


'  Aiton'i  •pMinien  of  Cntagut  Jtava  if  in  th«  Briliih  MoMum, 
and  although  it  wu  made  tome  time  aftar  the  petal*  had  fallen,  it 
•videnti;  npreeer.U  tbo  plant  which  now  growi  at  Hirer  Junetion 
and  Auguita  Eightj  jear*  ago  thii  ipeoiee  wai  cultiratad  in  Eu- 
rope, ai  tpecimene  of  oultirated  plante  in  different  herbaria  ehow, 
but  I  can  find  no  indication  of  iti  eiietence  now  in  any  of  the  Eu- 
ropean collections  of  liTtng  planta  which  I  have  e>  imined.  The 
Cral<rguM  Jiava  of  author*  later  than  Aiton  majr  be  hit  ipeoiee,  but 
it  ii  impoatibla  to  judge  of  thii  from  their  deaoriptioni.     The  Cra- 


lafut  ftava  of  Lindlcjr  (AW.  Reg.  niii.  t.  1030)  ia  Cf identif  not 
Aiton'i  ipeeiee,  and  ia  probably  the  lame  plant  aa  hii  Cralagm  Jiava, 
Tar.  lohala  (I.  e.  1. 1032).  Thii  plant,  whioh  ii  not  now  known  to  me 
in  a  wild  itate,  ie  •till  cultirated  in  the  Royal  Gardent  at  Kew.  It 
differa  from  Cratagut  Jiava  in  ita  ten  itameni  and  pear-ihapcd  hard 
green  (ruita  which  do  not  fall  until  .lanuary  or  February.  It  in 
probably  thii  plant  which  wai  flgurml  by  Loudon  a*  Cratitgui  flam. 
The  plant  6gured  for  Cralagutflam  in  the  fourth  Toluue  of  Th 
SUca  of  North  Amtrica  i*  Cratagm  Floridana,  Strgent. 


EXPLANATION  OF  THE  PLATE. 

Plate  DCXCIII.    CRAT^>ua  flava. 

1.  A  riuwerinK  bnuicb,  natural  aize. 

2.  Vertical  uction  of  a  flower,  enlarged. 

3.  A  calyx-lolie,  «nlarge<l. 

4.  A  fruiting  branch,  natural  size. 

5.  Crou  aection  of  a  fruit,  natural  liie. 

6.  Vertical  section  of  a  fruit,  natural  size. 

7.  A  nutlet,  side  view,  enlarged. 

8.  A  nutlet,  rear  view,  enlarged. 


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168  8ILVA   OF  NOIiTll  AifEfUCA.  »»> 

Riwr  Junctina,  fk*iiH»«Ml  o«  li»  muiiI  billM  of  BunimHrville  weit  of  tho  city  of  AugiMU,  ii^^i 
According  to  Aitnn  it  wm  •aJtivatcii  in  (x)n(lun  in  I'M  by  i'hili|)  Miller.' 


'  Ailua't  ({awiiif*  M  Cnmi*i  flmm  h  la  tk*  Hntnk  Muwwn. 
•t>4  tkauHf  k  It  i>iu  ikmIc  «ii«h  tiiiw  kilar  Ik*  yil«l«  k»4  (•.tiMt.  it 
•«i<Jml]r  raprrviiu  \hr  |<Um  whiak  m«  (?»«•  ii  iti«a>  JumOin 
aa4  AiigiMM     tiffcfjr  ?<•••  •(»  Uw  ip<ii>«  «••  >  tiu^-wi'   >   (''.■i 

hat  i  M«  ta4  ■«  in4i<HilHia  nf  ita  imtm  i  »«>  i*   V.a- 

t*fnu  mUmUchm  »f  l>>ia«  plwH*  wlur>    1      '  riw 

rutayili/tow  of  iHtUiam  bter  Una  Ar  >  M<^<**>  >«* 

I*  to  JMfWwIili  to  jwlfa  of  iMn  fiMi  lh>M  Tin  ''ra- 


firyw  yfont  of  Ijndlty  (/iii<.  Hff.  uiii    t   1030)  i*  «>->*>' 
Ailott'*  >p«niM,  uid  ii  prohcbly  tlw  um«  |iliuil  m  hin  '  • 
TU. '<4a(a  (/.>■  t.  I'.KU)      Thii  plant,  whirh  ii  n«t  im*  •> 
III  k  Willi  ^Uli\  !■  uttll  rultiv«UMl  >n  the  Knvnl  <iBnl»i.< 
ilifVvrft  frtini  ( 'mlirgu*  ihnii  in  it«  tfii  ntftnivn*  hihI  pi>.i' 
frv4'n  fruiu  whmb  iti>  nut  /oil  until  .Untmry  nr  K•^•f'  - 
priilMibly  thT«  pUiit  «hirh  wu  ftffiir^il  liv  l^.tidoii  u  f  >  •     - 
XM*  pUllt  Hi^irnt   for  (^tilmgHM  flav^l   in  Iho  fourth  t.ti  :• 
iiVna  >>/  .Vnrt*  Amtriea  ii  CmMyu  Flandnna,  Ssryni 


EXl'LANAlKiN   OK    IHK    I'LATK. 


Platk  DCXCIII.    ('BAT.auim  ri.«TA. 
I.   A  Ha»cr\^i;  lirnnrh.  iiiUural  •»•■ 
".   Vnrtiii»l  nwiioii  ot  ■  il'xrfr.  enliirgcd. 
:i.   A  ealri  M*.  enUrKxI. 
4.  A  fniiUiiK  lii'uirli.  iiMunl  nt». 
t>.  CroM  Miction  nf  it  fruit,  natural  niu. 
6.   V«Ttw«l  •MCtion  of  •  fruit,  natural  aiM. 
\  t-mli*    wle  vifw,  rnlar|re<l. 
><  w,  culari^aJ. 


lii'iv.i  0*   Niiitl;   Aiiicnra 


T»l).  DCXrill 


( '  K  FiUtfi  titd 


CRAT/ECUS    F  LAVA,  Alt. 


A  Rivcfenu-  JdrAi  '' 


/ry^  . ''  Tanrur  Ptirir 


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ROdACUI. 


8ILVA   OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


1/57 


ORATiBOUB  OONSANOUINEA. 
8tamen8  20  ;  anthcn  purple.     Leaves  obovate  or  Huborbicular. 

Oratagua  oonMtngulnea,  Rcxll*,  Hillmom  Hot.  Studiis,  i.  34  (1901). 

A  tre«,  often  twenty  f««t  in  height,  with  a  tall  trunk  six  or  eight  inches  in  diameter  covered  with 
nearly  block  deeply  furrowed  bark  broken  into  abort  thick  i-losely  appressed  scales,  and  wide-spreading 
and  often  pendulous  branches  forming  a  broad  symmetrical  handsome  head.  The  branchlets  are  slender, 
slightly  zigzag,  marked  by  small  pale  lenticeU,  and  armed  with  short  nearly  straight  gray  or  chestnut- 
brown  spines  varying  from  one  third  to  three  <]uarter8  of  an  inch  in  length  ;  green  more  or  less  tinged 
with  red  and  covered  with  pale  caducous  hairs  when  they  first  appear,  they  soon  become  bright  red- 
brown  and  lustrous,  and  in  their  second  season  are  dull  reddish  brown.  The  leaves  are  broadly  ovate, 
nearly  orbicidar,  or  occasionally  oval  or  rhombic,  acute  and  generally  short-pointed  at  the  apex, 
gradually  narrowed  and  concave-cuneate  or  sometimes  rounded  at  the  entire  base,  finely  and  often 
doubly  serrate,  with  glandular  teeth,  and  frequently  irregularly  divided  above  the  middle  into  short 
acute  lobes ;  nearly  fully  grown  when  the  flowers  open  at  the  end  of  March  or  early  in  April,  they  are 
then  very  thin,  blue-green,  and  slightly  villose,  particularly  along  the  midribs  and  veins,  and  at  maturity 
they  are  tliin  but  firm  in  texture,  bright  green,  glabrous  with  the  exception  of  a  few  hairs  on  the  under 
sides  of  the  slender  midribs  and  thin  primary  veins  extending  very  obliquely  toward  the  apex  of  the 
leaf,  about  an  inch  in  length  and  from  three  quarters  of  an  inch  to  seven  eighths  of  an  inch  in  width, 
or  on  vigorous  shoots  from  an  incn  and  a  half  to  two  inches  long  and  wide  ;  they  are  borne  on  slender 
grooved  glandular  petioles  broadened  above  by  the  gradually  narrowed  boso  of  the  leaf-blades,  at  first 
villose,  ultimately  glabrous,  and  from  one  third  to  three  quarters  of  an  inch  long.  The  stipules  vary 
from  linear  to  lunate,  and  are  glandular,  often  bright  red  before  falling,  small,  and  caducous.  The 
flowers  are  three  quarters  of  an  inch  in  diameter,  and  are  produced  on  slender  elongated  villose  pedicels 
in  simple  one  to  five-flowered  corymbs,  with  obknceolate  acuminate  bright  red  caducous  bracts  and 
bractlets.  The  calyx-tube  is  broadly  obconic  and  sparingly  furnished  with  long  pale  caducous  hairs, 
and  the  lobes  are  gradually  narrowed  from  broad  bases,  acute,  glandular,  with  minute  bright  red 
glands,  glabrous,  and  reflexed  after  the  flowers  open.  There  are  twenty  stamens  with  small  purple 
anthers,  and  from  three  to  five  styles  8urrounde<l  at  the  base  by  a  narrow  ring  of  short  pale  hairs. 
The  fniit,  which  ripens  and  falls  about  the  middle  of  September,  is  borne  on  slender  glabrous  pedicels, 
often  only  a  single  fruit  of  a  cluster  developing ;  it  is  globose  or  depressed  globose,  bright  red,  marked 
by  small  dark  dots,  and  nearly  half  an  inch  in  diameter ;  the  calyx  is  prominent,  with  a  narrow  deep 
cavity  and  enlarged  appressed  lobes ;  and  the  flesh  is  thin,  yellow,  dry,  and  mealy.  The  nutlets  vary 
from  three  to  five  in  number,  and  are  thick,  ridged  on  the  back,  with  low  broad  rounde<l  ridges,  and 
about  five  sixteenths  of  an  inch  in  length. 

Cratmjun  conmnrpiinea  inhabits  dry  upland  Oak  woods  in  western  Florida,  and  is  distributed  from 
the  neighborhood  of  Tallahassee  to  the  Appalachicola  River.    It  is  very  abundant  in  the  neighborhood 
of  River  .1  unction  and  at  Aspalaga,  where  it  was  probably  first  collected  in  April,  1897,  by  Dr.  A.  W. 
J  Chapnmn.    - 


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EXPLANATION  OF  THE  PLATE. 


Plate  IXIXCIV.    Crat.«ou»  coiraANouiNEA. 

1.  A  flowering  bnncli,  natural  size. 

2.  Vertical  section  of  a  flower,  enlarged. 

3.  A  calyz-lobe,  enlarged. 

4.  A  fruiting  branch,  natural  aiie. 

5.  Vertical  section  of  a  fruit,  enlarged. 

6.  A  nutlet,  side  view,  enlarged. 

7.  A  nutlet,  rear  view,  enlarged. 


Siiva  of  North  America 


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EXPlJk^NATION  or    IHK   V'l.ATK. 


mX(!V.     CuAT.ItOi'H  cossaxoiiiska. 
A  it«>«iiriu|{  brmnch.  natural  sue, 
•'   ■    Awti.in  of  •  Uowor,  pulargml. 
v  ?■  ^nlnrged. 
^   •'  ■'■■■5i    natural  sue. 

^-   \  ■  •!  *  fniit,  <tnUrge<l. 

^-  A  DQtUtt,  i^u4  vww.  tmUrgeti, 
7.   A  nntlr*.  r-n  i><.Itrf;ed. 


Silva  of  North  America  . 


Tab  DCXCIV. 


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CRAT/£G'JS  CONSANGUlNEABcnd 


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ROSACfliS. 


SILVA   OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


169 


ORATiBGUS  FLORIDANA. 
Haw. 


Stamens  20 ;  anthers  light  yellow, 
lobed  at  the  apex. 


Crateegus  Floridana. 


Leaves  obovate-Cij.    ute,  <it!ute,  and  often 


OrataBgufl  flava,  Sargen*,  Silm  N.  Am.  iv.  113  (in  part), 
t.  189  (not  Alton)  (1892). 


A  tree,  rarely  more  than  fifteen  feet  in  height,  with  a  tall  straight  stem  six  or  eight  inches  in 
diameter  covered  with  thick  nearly  black  deeply  furrowed  bark  broken  into  short  thick  plate-like  scales, 
and  small  drooping  branches  forming  a  handsome  symmetrical  head.  The  branchlets  are  slender,  very 
conspicuously  zigzag,  pendulous,  and  armed  with  long  thin  straight  spines,  or  unarmed ;  when  they 
first  appear  they  are  coated  with  long  pale  matted  hairs  which  gradually  disappear,  and  during  their 
first  summer  they  are  dark  red-brown  and  more  or  less  villose,  becoming  dull  dark  brown  the  following 
season.  The  leaves  are  obovat(reuneate  and  frequently  three-lobed  at  the  apex,  witli  short  rounded 
lobes,  gradually  narrowed  and  cuneate  at  the  entire  base,  finely  serrate  above,  with  straight  or  incurved 
teeth  tipped  with  showy  bright  red  ultim-^tely  dark  persistent  glands  and  three-nerved,  with  slender 
nerves,  and  with  numerous  thin  secondary  veus  and  reticulate  veinlets ;  slightly  villose  above  as  they 
unfold,  they  are  nearly  fully  grown  when  the  flowers  open  about  the  middle  of  March,  and  are  then 
light  yellow-g^een  and  glabrous,  with  the  exception  of  a  few  mostly  persistent  hairs  along  the  upper  and 
the  lower  sides  of  the  nerves  and  in  their  axils,  and  in  the  autumn  they  are  thick  and  'irm,  dark  green 
and  lustrous  on  the  upper  surface,  pale  on  the  lower  surface,  from  an  inch  to  an  inch  and  a  half  long 
and  about  half  an  inch  wide ;  they  are  borne  on  slender  tonientose  ultimately  pubescent  or  glabrous 
glandular  petioles  more  or  less  broadly  winged  above  by  the  flecurr<>iit  I  uses  of  the  leaf-blades,  and 
usually  about  half  an  inch  long.  On  vigorous  leading  shoots  the  leaves  u^e  frequently  two  inches  long 
and  an  inch  wide,  and  are  sometimes  divided  by  deep  rofuled  sinuses  into  numerous  narrow  lateral 
lobes,  and  their  stipules  are  lunate,  foliaceous,  pointed,  a.  .  v.oarselv  gl  ridular-serrate.  The  flowers, 
which  are  about  five  eighths  of  an  inch  in  diameter,  are  p.oui  ■  ^'^  in  few  usually  three-flowered  simple 
compact  tomentose  corymbs,  with  linear  -  lanceolate  or  oU  >  eolat?  'glandular  caduc.us  bracts  and 
bractlets.  The  calyx-tube  is  broadly  obconic,  coated  wit!  '.,.1^  matted  white  hairs,  and  tlie  lobes  are 
narrow,  acuminate,  glandular,  with  bright  red  stipitiite  glaud^i,  villose  toward  the  base  on  the  outer 
surface  and  on  the  inner  surface,  and  reflexed  after  the  ilo'i^ers  open.  There  are  twenty  stamens 
with  small  pale  yellow  anthers,  and  ♦'our  or  usually  five  dtylps  siv  oii;  Jed  at  the  base  by  a  broad  ling 
of  long  shining  white  hairs.  The  u'uit  ripens  from  the  \v'  die  to  the  end  of  August,  and  is  soJ^ary 
or  in  two  or  three-fruited  drooping  clusters,  on  short  stout  pubescrnt  pedicels ;  it  is  ohovate,  usually 
about  three  quarters  of  an  inch  in  length,  bright  orange-red,  lustrous,  and  marked  by  nmnerous  pale 
dots ;  the  calyx  is  prominent,  with  a  wide  elongafed  tube,  puberulous  on  the  outer  surface,  and 
reflexed  glandular-serrate  lobes  ;  the  flesh  is  thin,  yellow,  dry,  and  mealy.  The  four  or  five  nutlets 
are  rounded  and  occasionally  slightly  ridged  on  the  back,  and  about  one  third  of  an  inch  in  length. 

CratctgvK  Floriuaiin  inhabits  the  dry  sjindy  soil  of  the  Pine  barrens  of  northeastern  Florida, 
where  it  is  very  abuitdant  in  the  neighborhood  of  Jacksonviilo,  and  probably  extends  northward  along 
the  coast  of  Georgia. 

Formerly  confounded  with  the  Vratcrguc  Jlava  of  Aiton,  Crutoegiix  Floridana  was  figured  in  the 
fourth  volume  of  this  work  for  that  species. 


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KOSAC&G. 


SILVA   OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


161 


OBAT^GUS  LAORIMATA. 
Tellow  Haw.    Sandhill  Haw. 

Stamens  20  ;  anthers  yellow.  Leaves  obovate,  round  or  acute  at  the  apex,  subco- 
riaceous,  dark  yellow-green,  and  lustrous. 

OrattBgUB  laorimata,  Small,  Torreya,  i.  97  (1001). 

A  nearly  glabrous  tree,  occasionally  twenty  but  usually  not  more  than  ten  feet  in  height,  with 
a  tall  stem  from  four  to  six  inches  iu  diameter  covered  with  thick  deeply  furrowed  nearly  black 
bark  broken  on  the  surface  into  thick  plate-like  closely  appressed  scales,  and  long  slender  drooping 
branches  forming  a  narrow  handsome  symmetrical  round-topped  head.  The  branchlets  are  thin,  very 
zigzag,  and  armed  with  numerous  small  nearly  straight  dark  chestnut-brown  spines  from  one  half  to 
three  quarters  of  an  inch  in  length  ;  when  they  first  appear  they  are  light  orange-brown,  soon  becombg 
reddish  brown  and  lustrous,  and  dark  gray-brown  in  their  second  year.  The  leaves  are  obovate, 
rounded  or  acute  and  glandular-serrate  at  the  apex,  usually  with  incurved  teeth,  entire  and  glandular 
below,  gradually  narrowed  from  above  the  middle  to  the  base,  and  three-nerved,  with  slender  yellow 
nerves,  and  with  numerous  thin  secondary  veins  and  reticulate  veinlets ;  when  the  flowers  open  early 
in  April  they  are  nearly  fully  grown,  and  are  then  light  yellow  and  glabrous,  with  the  exception  of 
small  tufts  of  pale  caducous  hairs  on  the  lower  side  in  the  axils  of  the  nerves,  and  at  maturity  they 
are  subcoriaceous,  yellow-green  and  lustrous,  from  one  half  to  three  quarters  of  an  inch  long  and 
about  one  third  of  an  inch  wide  ;  they  are  borne  on  slender  grooved  petioles  which  vary  from  one 
quarter  to  one  half  of  an  inch  in  length,  and  are  winged  above  by  the  decurrent  bases  of  the  leaf- 
blades,  dark  orange-brown  and  at  first  puberulous,  soon  become  jrlabrous.  The  flowers  are  about  two 
thirds  of  an  inch  in  diameter,  and  are  produced  on  short  stout  pedicels,  in  from  three  to  five-flowered 
simple  glabrous  corymbs,  with  long  linear  entire  caducous  bracts  and  bractlets  which  turn  red  in 
fading.  The  caljrx-tube  is  broadly  obconic,  and  the  lobes  are  gradually  narrowed  from  Iroad  bases, 
acuminate,  entire,  tipped  with  large  dark  glands,  and  reflexed  after  the  flowers  open.  There  tre  twenty 
stamens  with  slender  filaments  and  large  light  yellow  anthers,  and  usually  three  styles  surrounded 
at  the  base  by  a  narrow  ring  of  pale  hairs.  The  fruit  ripens  toward  the  end  of  August,  and  is 
subglobose  or  short-oblong,  full  and  rounded  at  the  ends,  dull  brownish  yellow  marked  by  occasional 
large  dark  dots,  and  about  a  third  of  an  inch  in  diameter,  with  a  prominent  elongated  calyx-tube  and 
spreading  lobes  which  usually  disappear  before  the  fruit  ripens ;  the  flesh  is  thin,  yellow,  dry,  and 
mealy.  The  three  nutlets  arc  very  broad,  rounded  and  sometimes  obscurely  grooved  on  the  back,  about 
three  eighths  of  an  inch  long,  and  usually  three  in  number. 

Cratagus  lacrimafa  inhabits  western  Florida,  where  it  is  common  and  often  a  conspicuous  feature 
of  the  vegetation  from  Pensacola  to  De  Funiak  S|)rings,  sometimes  growing  in  moist  sand,  but  more 
often  in  dry  barrens  covered  principally  with  a  stunted  growth  of  Quercii>'  Catesbcei.  It  appears  to 
have  been  first  collected  at  Cresi  View  on  May  11,  1898,  by  Mr.  A.  H.  Curtiss." 

>  See  ii.  50. 


-     t 

I 


il 


'  V  •! 


EXPLANATION  OF  THE   PLATE. 


Pl.ATK   DCXCV,     Chat.wiuh  LACKIMATA. 

1.  A  flowering  branrh.  natural  she, 

2.  Vertical  seotiim  of  a  flower,  enlarged. 

3.  A  ealyx-lolie.  enlarged. 

4.  A  fruiting  liranrli,  natural  the. 

r>.  CroHs  section  of  a  fruit,  natural  aize. 
<).  Vertical  H-cticin  of  a  fruit,  natural  size. 

7.  A  nutlet,  front  view,  enlarged. 

8.  A  nutlet,  rear  view,  enlargetl. 


I 


i 


i 


r ;  f 


KXPI^WAIK'N    OK    rilK    ri-ATK. 


»*i.*Tii  DCXfV      CtuTmiv*  !..«<  iiMiArA. 

I  A  fl-  •  ■  .  h.  iitttiinil  »'/;>•. 

•  Vet;  >t  It  Mdwit,  d  l;ir^eil. 

"l  A  r«Jjr»-iiti».  iMiUrKml. 

t  ^  «».iii)i,j;  ;.^«iift,,  iiatuni  »iic. 

•     '  •  •  If  lit,  lutiir*!  «lt*. 

•'■  '>':'■  '  »  fruit,  natural  Kite. 

"■  A  n-  .  w   oi'UrKeJ. 

8-  A  millet,  r<.«i  view,  «iiil»rg«<l. 


/'.••;/, -v  ./^ 


lar'nud  j-c 


CHAT/f'.CUS    LACRIMATA,  Small 


,f  .'';..\rf-44.r  ,tu,:i  ' 


trtxf  .  ^  Kififi.r    '^<t' 


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IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


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1.1 


U^IM    |Z5 
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MM 


2.0 


IL25  i  1.4 


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Hiotographic 

Sciences 

Corporation 


33  WIST  MAIN  STRUT 

WiBSTIR,N.Y.  USSO 

(716)S73-4»03 


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BOSACKB. 


8ILVA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


168 


GRAT^GUS  BAVENELII. 


Haw. 


Stamens  20 ;  anthers  pale  yellow, 
pointed  or  acute  at  the  broad  apex. 


Leaves  obovate,  rounded,  and  abruptly  short- 


CrataeguB  Ravenelii,  Sargent,  Bot.  Cfaxette,  xxziii.  122  (1902). 

A  tree,  twenty-five  or  thirty  feet  in  height,  with  a  trunk  often  fourteen  or  fifteen  inches  in  diameter 
covered  with  thick  dark  brown  bark  deeply  divided  into  narrow  interrupted  ridges  broken  on  the  surface 
into  short  thick  plate-like  scales,  and  stout  spreading  or  ascending  branches  forming  a  broad  open 
irregrular  head.  The  branchlets  are  stout,  somewhat  zigzag,  and  armed  with  thick  straight  dull  gray- 
brown  spines  usually  about  an  inch  and  a  half  in  length ;  thickly  coated  with  hoary  tomentum  when 
they  first  appear,  they  are  dark  purple  or  reddish  brown  and  pubescent  during  their  first  summer  and  dark 
red-brown  and  glabrous  the  following  season.  The  leaves  are  obovate,  rounded  and  abruptly  short- 
pointed  or  acute  at  the  broad  sometimes  slightly  lobed  apex,  gradually  narrowed  from  above  the  middle 
to  the  elongated  cuneate  base,  which  is  more  or  less  undulate  on  the  margins,  and  coarsely  and  usually 
doubly  glandulap«errate  above,  with  large  bright  red  ultimately  dark  persistent  glands ;  they  are  nearly 
fully  grown  when  the  flowers  open  about  the  middle  of  April,  and  are  then  coated  with  long  scattered 
pale  hairs  which  mostly  soon  disappear,  and  at  maturity  they  are  thin  but  firm  in  texture,  yellow-green, 
scabrous  on  the  upper  surface,  pale  and  pubescent  on  the  lower  surface  along  the  slender  veins,  from  an 
inch  to  an  inch  and  a  half  long  and  about  three  quartern  of  an  inch  wide ;  they  are  borne  on  slender 
glandular  petioles  winged  above  by  the  decurrent  bases  of.  the  leaf-blades,  tomentose  at  first  but  ulti- 
mately pubescent,  and  from  one  quarter  to  one  half  of  au  inch  in  l«>ngth.  The  stipules  vary  from 
linear  to  lunate,  and  are  conspicuously  glandular-serrate,  tomentose,  and  caducous.  On  vigorous  leading 
shoots  the  leaves  are  often  two  inches  long  and  an  inch  and  a  half  wide,  and  are  frequently  divided 
above  the  middle  into  two  or  three  pairs  of  broad  lateral  lobes.  The  flowers  are  about  three  quarters 
of  an  inch  in  diameter,  in  few-flowered  simple  tomentose  corymbs,  with  linear  glandular  caducous  bracts 
and  bractlets.  The  calyx-tube  is  narrowly  obconic,  thickly  coated  with  long  white  hairs,  and  the  lobes 
are  lanceolate,  villose  on  the  outer  surface,  glabrous  on  the  inner  surface,  glandular  with  small  red 
glands,  and  reflexed  after  anthesis.  There  are  twenty  stamens  with  small  pale  yellow  anthers,  and  five 
styles  surrounded  at  the  base  by  a  broad  ring  of  pale  tomentum.  The  fruit,  which  ripens  early  in 
October,  is  borne  on  short  thick  pedicels,  in  few-fruited  drooping  or  spreading  clusters,  and  is  globose 
or  short-oblong,  bright  orange-red  marked  by  occasional  large  dark  dots,  puberulous  at  the  ends, 
and  from  one  third  to  one  half  of  an  inch  in  diameter ;  the  calyx  is  prominent,  with  a  broad  shallow 
cavity  and  enlarged  spreading  and  appressed  lobes,  and  the  flesh  is  thick,  yellow,  and  subacid.  The 
five  nutlets  are  ridged  on  the  back,  with  narrow  elevated  ridges,  pale  brown,  and  a  quarter  of  an  inch 


Cratcegus  Ravenelii  inhabits  the  sand  hills  near  Aiken,  South  Carolina,  and  in  Summerville,  the 
western  suburb  of  Augusta,  Georgia. 

Long  confounded  with  Cratcegus  flava  of  Aiton,  Cratagua  Ravenelii  was  collected  by  William 
Henry  Ravenel '  as  early  as  1880,  and  the  name  of-  this  distinguished  South  Carolina  botanist  may 
fittingly  be  associated  with  this  handsome  tree. 

>  Sm  riii.  100. 


if 


■' 


EXPLANATION  OP  THE  PLATE. 


Platb  DCXCVI.    Cbatjmd«  Ravbtkui. 

1.  A  flowering  branch,  natural  lixa. 

2.  Vertical  eeetion  of  a  flower,  enlarged. 

3.  A  fraiting  branch,  natural  eiie. 

4.  Vertical  section  of  a  fruit,  natoral  liie. 

6.  Croee  section  of  a  frait  showing  the  nutlets,  natural  i 

6.  A  nutlet,  side  view,  enlarged. 

7.  A  nbtlet,  rear  view,  enlarged. 


Silva  of  North  America, 


Tab.  DCXCVl. 


C2C/-'aavn  dsl. 


ZojrtaAui  j-n. 


CRAT/EGUS    RAVEN  ELI  I  .  Sar6. 


A  RjtUfvii^i'  <iirfif 


Imp  J  Tiift^ur  Pa^-ur 


^:     I 


B06A( 


blue 

Onti 
(1 


asoei 

only 

orgi 

■toul 

an  ii 

tome 

coloi 

orbu 

glan 

mosl 

long 

whe 

abo^ 

glal 

slen 

thej 

dig] 

len{ 

lon{ 

roui 

lob< 

etei 

nar 

pal( 

tow 

twe 

rin{ 

pul 

enc 

Th 

dai 

Av 
I 

con 


BOSACKA. 


aiLVA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


165 


ORATiEQUS  DISPAB. 


Summer  Haw. 


Stamens  20;  anthers  light  yellow.    Leaves  obovate  or  orbicular,  incisely  lobed, 
blue*green. 


OrstMgua  disp«r,  B««dl«,  BUtmor*  But.  Studiet,  i.  28 
(1901). 


OratMgua  flava,  tu.  elliptloa,  Sargent,  Silva  y.  Am.  W, 
114  (exel.  lyn.)  t.  190  (1892). 


A  tree,  from  twenty  to  twenty-five  feet  in  height,  with  a  short  trunk  a  foot  in  diameter,  and  stout 
ascending  branches  forming  a  broad  irregular  head ;  or  often  shrubby  and  beginning  to  flower  when 
only  a  few  feet  tall.  The  bark  of  the  trunk  is  thin  and  separates  freely  into  large  pale  reddish  brown 
or  gray-brown  scales  which  in  falling  disclose  the  bright  red-brown  inner  bark.  The  branchlets  are 
stout,  zigzag,  and  armed  with  thick  or  thin  nearly  straight  dark  red-brown  ultimately  gray  spines  from 
an  inch  and  a  half  to  two  inches  in  length ;  when  they  first  appear  they  are  coated  with  thick  hoary 
tomentum,  and  during  their  first  summer  they  are  dark  red-brown  and  pubescent,  becoming  darker 
colored  and  glabrous  the  following  season.  The  leaves  are  usually  three-nerved,  broadly  ovate  or 
orbicular,  acute  or  rounded  at  the  apex,  generally  narrowed  and  cuneate  or  concavcHsuneate  at  the 
glandular  entire  base,  serrate  or  doubly  serrate  above,  with  straight  or  incurved  glandular  teeth,  and 
mostly  divided  above  the  middle  into  several  short  acute  lobes ;  when  they  unfold  they  are  coated  with 
long  matted  snow-white  hairs  which  are  more  abundant  on  the  lower  than  on  the  upper  surface,  and 
when  the  flowers  open  about  the  middle  of  April  they  are  more  than  half  grown,  blue-green  and  villose 
above  and  still  tomentose  below ;  in  the  autumn  they  are  thin  but  firm  in  texture,  blue-green  and 
glabrous  on  the  upper  surface,  pale  and  slightly  pubescent  on  the  lower  surface,  particularly  along  the 
slender  nerves,  and  usually  about  an  inch  long  and  from  three  quarters  of  an  inch  to  an  inch  wide ; 
they  are  borne  on  slender  tomentose  ultimately  pubescent  or  villose  broadly  grooved  glandular  petioles 
slightly  widened  above  by  the  decurrent  bases  of  the  leaf-blades,  and  usually  about  a  third  of  an  inch  in 
length.  The  stipules  are  lunate,  coarsely  glaudular«errate,  from  one  sixteenth  to  one  eighth  of  an  inch 
long,  and  caducous.  On  vigorous  leading  shoots  the  leaves  are  broadly  ovate  or  suborbicular,  full  and 
rounded  et  the  broad  base,  coarsely  serrate,  often  deeply  divided  above  the  middle  into  three  wide  acute 
lobes,  and  frequently  broader  than  they  are  long.  The  flowers  are  about  five  eighths  of  an  inch  in  diam- 
eter, and  are  produced  on  slender  tomentose  pedicels,  in  simple  three  to  seven-flowered  corymbs,  with 
narrow  obovate  acute  glandular  bracts  and  bractlets.  The  calyx-tube  is  narrowly  obconic,  coated  with 
pale  tomentum,  and  the  lobes  are  narrow,  acute,  glandular-serrate,  with  minute  bright  red  glands,  tomen- 
tose on  the  outer  surface,  glabrous  on  the  inner  surface,  and  reflexed  after  the  petals  fall.  There  are 
twenty  stamens  with  small  light  yellow  anthers,  and  from  three  to  five  styles  surrounded  at  the  base  by  a 
ring  of  pale  tomenttmi.  The  fruit  ripens  late  in  August  or  early  in  September,  and  is  borne  on  slender 
pubescent  pedicels,  in  few-fruited  clusters ;  it  is  subglobose  or  obloug,  light  red,  puberulous  torrard  the 
ends,  and  about  a  third  of  an  inch  in  diameter,  with  a  prominent  calyx,  and  thin  subacid  yello  v  flesh. 
The  nutleta  vary  from  three  to  five  in  number,  and  are  thick,  rounded,  and  obscurely  ridged  on  th  3  back, 
dark  brown,  and  a  quarter  of  an  inch  long.' 

CrataguH  diapar  grows  on  the  dry  sand  hills  near  Aiken  and  Trenton,  South  Carolina,  and  near 
Augusta,  Greorgia,  where  it  is  very  abundant  in  Summerville  its  western  suburb. 


'  Cratagu)  ditpar  i%  one  of  nTtral  tpeoiee  which  haa  long  been 
oonfonnded  with  Cralagut  Jiava  of  Aiton,  and  in  the  fourth  volume 


of  this  work  it  appears  on  plate  cxo.  u  a  variety  of  that  speciei. 
It  is  easily  diatinguished  from  the  species  of  the  flava  group  which 


If   i 


i  I  I 


lee 


8ILVA   OF  NORTH  AMERICA, 


ROSACEiS. 


The  fruit  is  gathered  in  lar{^  quantitieB  and  is  made  into  jelly,  which  can  hardly  be  diatinguiahed 
from  that  made  in  the  West  Indies  from  the  fruit  of  the  Guava. 


grow  with  it  in  gnat  qutntitiM  nau  Augosto  uid  Aiksn  bj  iU 
blue-green  Inninintely  dirided  \mn»  ooeted  while  joung  with  enow- 
whits  hain,  bj  iti  eerly  flowett  end  e^*!;  ri|wning  fruit,  ud  bjr  ita 


flekjr  lifht  red  or  gn]r>brown  berk  which  ii  unlike  that  of  eny 
other  ipnoiee  of  the  flnn  group. 


unlik*  that  of  inj 


ROSACBJL 


8ILVA   OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


167 


ORAT^OUB  BENTA. 
Haw. 
Stamens  20.    Leaves  obovate  to  obovate-cuneiform. 


CratMffua  aenta,  BsMlle,  Sol.  OoMtti'e,  xxx.  341  (1900). 


OrataBiw  elliptloa,  B«udl«,  Bot.  GoHtttt,  zzt.  447  (not 
Alton)  (1898). 


A  tree,  occasionally  twenty  feet  in  height,  with  a  short  trunk  Bometimes  a  foot  in  diameter  co.r  ed 
with  deeply  farrowed  bark,  often  nearly  black  near  the  base  of  old  trees  and  dark  gray  above,  and  stout 
pendulous  or  recurved  branches  forming  a  broad  open  irregular  head;  or  more  frequently  a  large 
shrub  with  few  or  numerous  stems,  TLc  biancHlets  are  nlender,  dgi  'g,  marked  by  occasional  small 
pale  lenticels,  and  armed  with  nearly  straight  thin  bright  chestnut-brtwn  ultimately  gray  spines  from 
three  quaiters  of  an  inch  tu  as  inch  and  a  h> Jf  in  length ;  when  they  first  appear  they  are  coated 
with  long  matted  white  haire  which  gradually  disappear,  and  before  the  autumn  they  are  rather  bright 
reddish  brown  and  pubescent,  growing  glabrous  and  dull  red-brown  in  their  second  season,  and  finally 
dark  gray  s'ightly  tinged  with  red.  The  leaves  are  obovate  or  obovate-cuneiform,  acute  or  sometimes 
rou;ided  and  frequently  slightly  divided  into  several  short  acute  lobes  at  the  broad  apex,  gradually 
narrowed  from  above  the  middle  to  the  base,  and  serrate  or  doubly  serrate,  with  incun-ed  conspicuously 
glandular  teeib  ;  when  they  unfold  the  upper  surface  is  often  dark  red  and  is  covered  with  long  pale 
caducous  hairs  which  also  occur  on  the  under  suiface  of  the  midribs  and  veins,  and  when  the  flowers 
open  from  the  first  to  the  tenth  of  May  they  are  nearly  fully  grown,  bright  yellow-green,  and  almost 
glabrcuB  with  the  exception  of  the  tufts  of  pale  hairs  in  the  axils  of  the  veins,  which  are  mostly 
persistent  through  the  season ;  iu  the  autumn  they  are  thin  but  firm  in  texture,  dark  green  and 
lustrous  abov<>  and  paler  below,  and  usually  about  an  inch  and  a  half  long  and  an  inch  wide,  with 
prominent  orange-colored  /iidribs,  generally  three  pairs  of  slender  primary  veins  extending  obliquely  to 
the  points  of  the  lobes,  and  dark  conspicuous  reticulate  veinlets ;  they  are  borne  on  slender  deeply 
grooved  glandular  petioles  which  are  moie  or  less  broadened  above  by  the  gradually  narrowed  bases  of 
die  leaf-blades,  tomentose  at  first,  ultimately  pubescent  or  nearly  glabrous,  and  about  three  quarters  of 
an  inch  in  length.  The  stipules  are  laaueolate,  acuminate,  glandular,  about  an  eighth  of  an  inch  long, 
and  caducous.  On  vigorous  shoots  the  leaves  are  broadly  ovate  or  often  nearly  orbicular,  more  deeply 
lobed  tl  an  the  leaves  of  fertile  branches,  vith  broad  rounded  or  acute  lobes,  and  from  two  to  two 
and  a  h.ilf  inches  in  diameter,  with  foliaceous  lunate  coarsely  glandular-dentate  stipules  sometimes  half 
an  inch  in  length.  In  the  autumn  the  leaves  turn  red,  yellow,  and  brown  before  falling.  The  flowers, 
which  are  about  three  quarters  of  an  inch  in  diameter,  are  produced  on  slender  elongated  pedicels 
coated  with  long  matted  pale  hairs  which  cover  the  branches  of  the  lax  compound  threo  to  six- 
Sowered  corymbs,  with  lanceolate  straight  or  falcate  glandular  bracts  and  bractlets.  The  calyx-tube 
is  broadly  obconiu  and  villose,  particularly  toward  the  base,  and  the  lobes  are  narrow,  elongated, 
acuminate,  nearly  glabrous,  and  coarsely  and  irregularly  glandular^errate.  The  petals  are  longer  than 
broad,  and  tl  ire  are  twenty  stamens  and  from  three  to  five  styles  surrounded  at  the  base  by  a  broad 
ring  of  hoary  tomentum.  The  fruit  ripens  and  falls  at  the  end  of  September  or  early  in  October, 
and  is  produced  on  slender  slightly  hairy  elongated  pedicels,  in  few-fruited  drooping  clusters ;  it  is 
globose,  bright  red,  and  from  one  third  to  one  half  of  an  inch  in  diameter,  with  a  broad  deep  calyx- 
cavity,  closely  appressed  calyx-lobes,  and  dry  mealy  flesh.  The  nu'''^ts  vary  from  three  to  five  in 
number,  and  are  slightly  grooved  on  the  back,  and  about  a  quarter  of  an  inch  in  length. 


m 


168 


SILVA   OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


ROOACB^. 


Cratagua  aenta  growr  in  abandoned  fitldi  and  in   open  Oak  and   Pine  wooda  near  Aaheville, 
North  Carolina,  at  elevation!  of  about  twenty-two  hundred   feet  above  the  lea-level,   where   it 
first  distinguished  by  Mr.  C.  0.  Beadle.' 


was 


'  What  appwur*  to  b*  Uw  umj  ipMira,  judging  bj  the  imparfcot  m»t(ri*l  wbioh  I  bart  imb,  growi  OMtr  Aiktn,  South  Carolina,  and 
oa  tha  baak*  of  tha  HaTaaiwh  Birar  m  A-igvata,  Oaorgia. 


^iJ 


EXPLANATION  OF  THE  PLATE. 

Plati  UCXCVII.    CKATMiavn  swta. 

1.  A  flowering  bnuirh.  natural  aiu. 

2.  Vartical  lection  of  a  flower,  enlarged. 

3.  A  ealjrs-loba,  enlarged. 

4.  A  fruiting  branch,  natural  um. 

6.  Vertical  leetion  of  a  fruit,  natural  aiia. 

6.  Cknm  Mction  of  a  fruit,  natural  aiie. 

7.  A  nutlet,  aide  view,  enlarged. 

8.  A  nutlet,  rear  view,  ecUrged. 


li 


\   ,! 


ROSACKA 

n«Br  Asheville, 
,   where   it  wu 


,  South  Caroliiw,  ud 


ilv*  of  North  Amencii 


T*b  DCXCVIl 


^99 


\2.£^ajvn  ,iri 


CRAT^GUS. 


'lil  ai 


-(■ 

!  f, 


SILVA    or  NORTH  AMKRICA. 


HOkACIA' 


gn>w«  in  abMi'ltiMd  Melda  «iid  ih  it|Mn  Oak  and  Pin*  woods  nMr  Anlievillf, 
Nnrth  CaroliiuL,  at  •laTationi  of  sbont  iweoty-two  hundnxl  fwtt  above  the  mm-I«vi*I,  whrro  it  wm 
tttti  dialinguiahed  by  Mr   <'    l>   H«mU».' 

'  Wlia4  tppiMi  to  b«  Ik*  mm»  *fm<»;  f«4gng  kf  lfc>  tmfmti»f\  iB«Uiri>t  which  [  ht>i>  w«n,  from  n«u  Aikin,  Hnuth  Ciiraliiw.  utA 
<M  lk«  kaaka  a(  Uw  flavMMk  Htm  ■!  Aigwrt^  OMtgia 


KXPlANAl'lltN    (IK    IIIK    I'l.ATE. 

FuArt    SK'Xl'VII       ('HArHoos  tK!(TA. 

I.  A  flovvriog  brMirJi.  uBlorsI  mm 

%  Twiiaal  w«tl*<i  «l  •  twrar,  raUnrtH. 

.1.  A  r»lr(-lub«,  *riUff«il. 

4.  A  fruiting  bmnrh,  nMural  uu- 

r>.  VartMal  wction  u(  *  fruil.  n*tur»l  »t». 

a.  Cnm  MHion  of  «  fruil,  natural  al». 

7  A  Diitlvl,  mi»  Ti«w,  •nlargad. 

8.  A  nirttai.  rmtr  tmw.  nolarKad. 


Silv*  of  North  Anttne* 


T*b  Drxcvii. 


nmu  Aihevilli', 
where   it   wiu 


Siiulh  CuoliiM,  wi 


i)      4 


d.iSli'lm'i  .iW 


CRAT/CGUS    SENTA.Bead 


lart4Ui4i  -fc. 


A.RuH'retur  direa'\ 


Imp.  t/  Tanetir.  ParU . 


BORAGES 


8ILVA   OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


169 


CRAT^GUS  APBIGA. 


Haw. 


Stamens  10;  anthers  yellow, 
green,  and  lustrous. 


Leaves  obovate  to  orbicular,  subcoriaceous,  dark 


OrattBKua  aprioa,  Beadle,  Bat.  Oatette,  zzx.  336  (1900).  —  Gattmger,  Fl.  Tenneisee,  99. 

A  tree,  occasionally  twenty  feet  in  height,  with  a  stem  six  or  eight  inches  in  diameter  covered 
with  deeply  furrowed  bark  broken  irregularly  into  small  persistent  plate-like  scales,  and  dark  gray  or 
on  old  stems  often  nearly  black,  and  spreading  more  or  less  contorted  elongated  branches  forming  a 
broad  open  irregular  head ;  or  frequently  a  much-branched  shrub  with  several  stout  spreading  stems. 
The  branchlets  are  slender,  zigzag,  marked  by  many  small  oblong  dark  lentlcels,  and  armed  with  thin 
nearly  straight  chestnut-brown  spines  from  an  inch  to  an  inch  and  a  half  in  length ;  when  they  first 
appear  they  are  dark  green  tinged  with  red,  and  villose ;  soon  becoming  nenrly  glabrous,  at  midsummer 
they  are  light  o.ange-brown,  dark  reddish  brown  or  purple  before  winter,  and  ultimately  ashy  gray. 
The  winter-buds  are  globose,  bright  red-brown,  and  pVout  an  eighth  of  an  inch  in  diameter.  The 
leaves  are  broadly  obovate,  oval,  or  rhomboidal,  acute  and  short-pointed  or  rounded  at  the  apex, 
gradually  or  abruptly  narrowed  and  cuneate  at  the  base,  dentate  usually  only  above  the  middle,  with 
small  incurved  teeth  terminating  in  conspicuous  rose-colored  ultimately  dark  red  persistent  glands,  and 
often  somewhat  lobed  toward  the  apex,  particularly  on  vigorous  shoots,  with  short  acute  lobes  ;  when 
they  first  unfold  they  are  of  a  deep  orange  color,  roughened  above  by  short  pale  appressed  hairs  and 
sparingly  villose  below,  particularly  along  the  slender  midribs  and  remote  primary  veins,  and  at  maturity 
they  are  thick  and  firm  in  texture,  glabrous,  very  smooth,  dark  yellow-green  on  the  upper  surface,  paler 
on  the  lower  surface,  from  an  inch  to  an  inch  and  a  quarter  long  and  an  inch  wide ;  they  are  borne  on 
stout  grooved  conspicuously  glandular  petioles,  which  are  more  or  less  winged  above  by  the  decurrent 
bases  of  the  leaf-blades,  at  first  villoso,  ultimately  nearly  glabrous,  usually  bright  red  on  the  lower 
side  and  toward  the  base  after  midsummer,  and  about  hrjf  an  inch  long.  The  stipules  are  linear  or 
linear-lanceolate,  acute,  and  glandular-serrate.  On  vigorois  leading  shoots  the  leaves  are  often  nearly 
orbicular,  more  frequently  and  more  deeply  lobed  than  the  leaves  of  lateral  branchlets,  and  from  an 
inch  and  a  half  to  two  inches  long  and  wide,  with  stout  btoad-margined  petioles  and  foliaceous  lunate 
stipules.  The  flowers,  which  open  about  the  tenth  of  May,  when  the  leaves  are  nearly  fully  grown, 
are  three  quarters  of  an  inch  in  diameter,  and  are  produced  on  slender  pedicels,  in  small  three  to 
six-flowered  villose  nearly  sessile  corymbs.  The  calyx-tube  is  broadly  obconic,  villose  at  the  base, 
glabrous  above,  and  the  lobes  are  gradually  narrowed  from  broad  bases,  acuminate,  glabrous,  coarsely 
glandular-serrate,  and  reflexed  after  the  flowers  open.  There  are  ten  stamens  with  short  slender 
filaments  and  small  bright  yellow  anthers,  and  from  three  to  five  styles  surrounded  at  the  base  by  a 
narrow  ring  of  pale  hairs.  The  fruit  ripens  late  in  the  autumn,  and  is  borne  on  stout  glabro!ts  or 
slightly  villose  pedicels  from  one  quarter  to  one  half  of  an  inch  in  length,  in  erect  or  drooping 
usually  two  or  three-fruited  clusters ;  it  is  subglobose,  rarely  rather  longer  than  broad,  dull  orange- 
red,  ohen  slightly  villose  at  the  ends,  and  marked  by  numerous  small  dark  dots ;  the  calyx  is  much 
enlarged,  with  a  broad  prominent  deep  tube  and  wide-spreading  coarsely  glandular  acuminate  lobe  3 
which  are  bright  red  at  the  base  on  the  upper  side ;  the  flesh  is  thin,  light  yellow,  sweet,  and  rather 
juicy.     The  nutlets,  which  are  large  in  proportion  to  the  size  of  the  fruit,  vary  from  three  to  five  in 


m;>\ 


il 


111 


i 


170 


8ILVA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


ROBAOBA 


number,  and  ar«  light-oolored,  about  a  quarter  of  an  inch  long,  and  rounded  and  ridged  on  the  back, 
with  a  broad  low  ridge. 

Cratagua  aprica  inhabits  dry  woods  in  the  foothill  region  of  the  southern  Appalachian  Mountains 
where  it  is  common  from  southwestern  Virginia  through  western  North  Carolina  to  eastern  Tennessee 
northern  Georgia,  and  Alabama,  growing  usually  at  elevations  between  fifteen  hundred  feet  and  thirty- 
five  hundred  feet  above  the  sea-level. 

Long  confounded  with  Cratcegus  Jtava  of  Aiton,  its  true  characters  were  first  mude  known  by  Mr. 
G.  D.  Beadle  of  the  Biltmore  herbarium.  Since  1876  Cratagua  aprica  has  inhabited  the  Arnold 
Arboretum,  where  it  is  perfectly  hardy  and  produces  its  flowers  and  fruit  in  the  greatest  abundance.' 


'  In  tim  Arnold  Arboretum  thi*  tree  wu  nuied  from  Hed«  given 
to  me  bjr  Dr.  An  Grmy  under  the  name  of  Cratajus  uniftora,  end 
without  Mijr  iadioation  of  it*  origin.  One  of  the  meet  distinct  ud 
inteiuting  speoiei  in  the  ooUeotisn  and  the  onlj  tepreaentatire  of 


the  tUra  group  which  ha*  proTcd  hardy  in  the  northern  itaUi, 
CraUigua  apnea  i*  particularly  beautiful  in  the  Arboretum  Ute  in 
October  and  in  early  NoTcmber,  when  the  long  branobe*  are  loaded 
with  their  abundant  fruit*,  and  the  leave*  turn  to  a  deep  purple  c<   ir. 


( 
EXPLANATION  OF  THE  PLATE. 


Plate  DCXCVIII.    Ckat«qu»  airica. 

1.  A  flowering  branch,  natural  aiie. 

2.  Vertical  aeetioii  of  a  flower,  enlarged. 

3.  A  fruiting  branch,  natural  aize. 

4.  Vertical  aection  o{  a  fi'iit,  natural  (izo. 

6.  Cro**  section  of  a  fruit  (howing  the  nutlet*,  natural  aiM. 

6.  A  nutlet,  side  view,  enlarge<l. 

7.  A  nutlet,  rear  view,  enlarged. 

8.  A  nutlet,  front  view,  enlarged. 

9.  A  .rinter  branchlet,  natural  size. 


ROSACEA. 

on  the  back, 

ian  Mountains, 
«rii  Tennessee, 
eet  and  thirty- 

knotrn  by  Mr. 
id  the  Arnold 
abundance.' 

he  northern  (tatei, 

Arboretum  Ute  in 

bruohM  are  loaded 

a  deep  purple  c<    ir. 


Sjiva  cI  North  Aniirn 


Tab  DCXCVi; 


M 

'W^ 


4. 


V  ■)  ^D  J 


CRAT;£CUS   APr 


il 


MO 


SILVA    OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


ROSl*.-*  *. 


number,  luid  iir«  tight-o(>lor«(l,  tttiuut  a  quarter  of  an  inch  long,  and  ruuuded  and  ridged  on  t]jt<  U<  ■ 
with  a  briMid  low  ndge. 

Crntifi/iiii  iprira  inhabiti)  dry  woods  in  tht  fuothili  n^gion  of  the  southern  A|){uiluuhian  M<ituktMii> 
where  It  b.     (iiiuii'M  frniii  MiiithwiMitern  Virginia  through  western  North  Carolina  to  eaKtern  Tei.;  ■ 
north"  ni  <.Te<ir(firt,  and  Akimma.  growing  usually  at  elevations  hetweini  fifteen  hundred  feet  one*,  lU*  ' 
live  hiindrwi  f»H,'t  »tH>vt.  this  ««««-U!Vfl. 

Ivong  confounded  with  I'mlmjuit  jlaca  of  Alton,  its  true  characters  were  first  made  known  t«w 
C.  D,  B«i.(ll.'  v>f   liw  IJiltui.irt?  hej-banum.     Since   187G  Vratagus  tipricu  has  inhabited  the   An. 
AfbiaMliin.  whure  it  is  j»erfo«tly  hanly  and  j>r««lu<es  its  Howers  and  fruit  in  the  greatest  abundiwoe. 

Ig  M»»  ArmM  itjiirwitmii  thin  ttrt  wnt  ntmA from  m*dii  gin u  ibs  rtars  gKHiji   uliich  liat  provid  hardy  in  llu-  nnrthet. 

tr>  ub>  hy  i>f    V«  Ht*r  v»Att  0»  mbm  of  ''ml*?**  wflyfoni.  and  CraliTf/M  tijirim    la  p»rtKul«rly  Liuutifiil  in  the  Arbur  dm. 

«t',4>*>*it.  ftitv  n«l'»!«Uiw  :»/  it»  annfin.     l>i«'  of  bfc«  m***.*  iitBtiucl  a»d  *)ctober  and  in  fuilr  Ni)Tfmlwr,  whrn  tlu'  lotijc  bnuichra  »»■< 

ttttara*titig  apMiM  U  tte  eoUnetiun  «iul  the  aaii  npnwratkUo  uf  wilb  tiuir  abuudaut  f  rmu,  aiul  Ui«  leavea  tuni  to  a  deep  pnr]^~ 


F.XIM.ANAriiiN   OK  TIfK   PLATE. 

I''  <!•      I  »     •  •  ■  KHVt  APKIOA. 

1.     A   fl.iWI-rHlji    lifA<,.:.;     ajlluial   li;£l' 

».   V«Hi««J  »«u>»n  i.f  1  ftuKcr.  aniarged. 

3.  A  froHia^  ^''tinafe.  naturnl  eii<«. 

t     V»-'-n'  -^  i  i  frnit,  natural  lUo. 

iruk  ahiiwini;  the  iiuUet«,  nataral  iiu. 

7.  A  onUifi,  fwar  vw«  fnUrgwt. 
X.  A  nnthit.  front  ti*»  piil»r|{e<t 
9.  A  winter  !ir»n<iiil»?i,  nauiral  siio. 


Pi 


^ 


ROM.i.  r  *. 

;('(!  on  thf  1  ■ 

d  feet  iitic 
(Ic  known  (•■ 
'st  abundHii' 

in  tin*   iiortbtfr-. 

the  Arbur  ii<n 
ug  bruicbM  At' 

lo  «  iie«p  plirj  i. 


Silva  of  North   Amer 


Tab  DCXCVIII 


il  fna^n.  df/ 


y  ^)  'D  CD 


Za/toitii  ,re>. 


CRATAEGUS    AFRICA    Bead, 


I  IB  I: 


f 


BOSAOKA 


aiLVA   OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


171 


ORAT^anS  OPTMA. 


Haw. 

Stamzns  20 ;  anthers  purple.  Leaves  oval  to  ovate  or  nearly  orbicular,  acute, 
membranaceous,  bright  green. 

Orataegua  opima,  Baadle,  BUtmore  Bot.  Studies,  i.  40  (1901). 

A  nearly  glabrous  tree,  from  twenty  to  twenty-five  feei,  in  height,  with  a  tall  slender  often  spiny 
stem  covered  with  ashy  gray  bark  generally  blackened  near  the  base  of  old  trunks,  and  spreading  or 
ascending  branches  forming  a  round  or  oval  usually  open  head.  The  branchlets  are  small,  nearly 
straight,  marked  by  minute  pale  lenticels,  and  armed  with  numerous  thin  nearly  straight  bright  chestnut- 
brown  lustrous  spines  from  an  inch  to  an  inch  ^d  a  half  in  length ;  green  more  or  less  tinged  with 
red  when  they  first  appear,  they  soon  become  bright  red-brown,  and  during  their  second  season  grow 
gray  tinged  with  red  or  brown.  The  leaves  vary  from  oval  to  ovate  or  to  nearly  orbicular,  and  are 
acute  at  the  apex,  gradually  or  abruptly  narrowed  and  cuneate  at  the  entire  base,  finely  serrate  above, 
with  incurved  teeth,  and  usually  divided  above  the  middle  into  several  short  acute  acuminate  or  rounded 
lobes ;  they  are  half  grown  when  the  flowers  open  about  the  middle  of  April,  and  are  then  glabrous  with 
the  exception  of  a  few  short  caducous  hairs  along  the  midribs  and  veins,  which  are  most  abundant  on  the 
upper  side ;  and  at  maturity  they  are  thin  but  firm  in  texture,  light  green  on  the  upper  surface,  pale  on 
the  lower  surface,  about  an  inch  and  a  half  long  and  an  inch  and  a  quarter  wide,  with  slender  midribs 
only  slightly  impressed  above,  and  five  or  six  pairs  of  arcuate  primary  veins  spreading  to  the  points  of 
the  lobes ;  they  are  borne  on  very  slender  grooved  glandular  petioles  narrowly  winged  at  the  apex  by  the 
decurrent  bases  of  the  leaf-blades,  and  usually  about  three  quarters  of  an  inch  in  length.  The  stipules 
are  linear,  straight  or  falcate,  glandular-serrate,  and  caducous.  On  vigorous  leading  shoots  the  leaves 
are  sometimes  rounded  or  nearly  truncate  at  the  base,  and  from  an  inch  and  a  half  to  two  inches  long 
and  broad.  The  flowers  are  about  two  thirds  of  an  inch  in  diameter,  and  are  produced  on  short  slender 
pedicels,  in  compact  few-flowered  thin-branched  compound  corymbs,  with  linear  glandular  bracts  and 
bractlets.  The  calyx-tube  is  broadly  obconic  and  glabrous,  and  the  lobes  are  gradually  narrowed  from 
broad  bases,  acute,  entire,  or  sparingly  glandular-serrate,  tipped  with  dark  red  glands,  puberulous  on 
the  inner  surface,  and  reflexed  after  the  flowers  open.  There  are  twenty  stamens  with  purple  anthers, 
and  from  three  to  five  styles  surrounded  at  the  base  by  a  narrow  ring  of  snowy  white  tomentum.  The 
fruit  is  borne  on  short  stout  pedicels,  in  compact  few-fruited  erect  or  drooping  clusters,  and,  ripening 
about  the  first  of  October,  hangs  on  the  branches  for  several  weeks  before  falling ;  it  is  subglobose  but 
often  rather  longer  than  it  is  wide,  bright  red,  and  about  a  quarter  of  an  inch  in  diameter ;  the  calyx  is 
prominent,  with  a  well-developed  tube,  a  broad  deep  cavity,  and  much  enlarged  closely  appressed  lobes 
which  often  fall  with  the  tube  before  the  fruit  becomes  entirely  ripe ;  the  flesh  is  thin,  yellow,  dry,  and 
mealy.  The  nutlets  vary  from  three  to  five  in  number,  and  are  thin,  slightly  grooved  and  ridged  on  the 
back,  and  an  eighth  of  an  inch  in  length. 

Cratcegus  opima  is  abundant  in  the  neighborhood  of  Greenville,  Alabama,  where  it  gfrows  in  open 
woods  in  clay  soil  and  where  it  was  discovered  in  April,  1900,  by  Mr.  C.  L.  Boynton. 


EXPLANATION  OF  THE  PLATE. 


PlATB   DCXCIX.      ClUTJMUl   OPIXA. 

1.  A  flowering  branch,  natural  liie. 

2.  Vertical  Mction  of  a  fower,  enlarged. 
8.  A  calyx-lobe,  enlargwt. 

4.  A  fmiting  branch,  rataral  liie. 

6.  Croit  aection  of  a  fmit,  natural  liie. 

6.  A  nutlet,  rear  view,  enlarged. 

7.  A  nutlet,  tide  new,  enlarged. 


Uh  DCXCIX 


'0- 


A 


0  ^ 


'11 


l.AT^CUi. 


KXl'lJk.NATI<iN   OF   THE   I'LATK. 


Plat*  UCXCIX      (  K\T.tKiin  nrtNA. 
t.  A  tbwwaHi'  bttnrh,  i,»t>ir«l  lito. 

5.  VnrlMai  Mvfwk  ••(  »  rinwrr.  (inlugtKL 
I.   A  «»>;^x>Mi*.  •»»iir|p«rl. 

4-  A  (iwiaHj  ^oiMattt.  t.unnl  iiir. 

6.  CroM  yartinn  -I  »  Irwt.  nUnnl  iii«. 

7.  A  aatbl.  »V*«  imw.  tuUrfwi. 


Silva  or  North  Amcnci 


T«b   DCXCIX 


A 


6  7 


^    0  D 


C  E  Ftuion  d»l 


CRAT/EGUS   OPIMA.Bead 


A  liufK^Tfiur  fiirft,v  * 


Zart^t4*i  ,1 


Imp  K^ Tan^tir  Parur 


ROSAriUL 


SILVA   OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


173 


ORAT^QUB  VULSA. 
H»w. 

8TAMKN8  20;  anthen  pale  yoUow.  Leaves  oval  or  ovate,  acute,  mombranocooiu, 
bright  green. 

OrAtMgua  TUlH,  BmiU*,  BiUmort  Bot.  Studitt,  1.39  (1901). 

A  nearly  f(Iabroui  tree,  ocoaiionally  twenty  feet  in  height,  with  a  tall  item  five  or  lix  inches  in 
diameter  covered  with  thin  fiasured  bark  broken  on  the  surface  into  light  gray  icales  tinged  with  brown, 
and  often  armed  with  long  compound  apinea,  and  ascending  or  spreading  branches  forming  an  oval 
usually  compact  symmetrical  head ;  or  sometimes  a  shrub  with  numerous  stems.  The  branchleta  are 
slender,  nearly  straight,  marked  by  small  scattered  pale  lenticels,  and  armed  with  thin  nearly  straight 
bright  chestnut-brown  shining  spines  from  an  inch  to  an  inch  and  a  half  in  length ;  dark  yellow-green 
and  glabrous  when  they  first  appear,  they  are  bright  reddish  brown  and  lustrous  during  their  first  season, 
and  light  gray-brown  in  their  second  year.  The  leaves  are  oval  or  ovate,  acute  at  the  apex,  full  and 
rounded  or  broadly  cuneate  at  the  entire  base,  irregularly  and  often  doubly  serrate  above,  with  straight 
or  incurved  gUnd-tipped  teeth,  and  often  divided  into  several  short  acute  lateral  lobes ;  as  they  unfold 
they  are  dark  bronze-red  and  pilose,  with  scattered  caducous  hairs,  and  furnished  with  tufts  of  pale 
often  persistent  hairs  in  the  axils  of  the  principal  veins  ;  they  are  nearly  fully  grown  when  the  flowers 
open  late  in  April,  and  at  maturity  they  are  thin,  bright  green  on  the  upper  surface,  paler  on  the  lower 
■urface,  about  two  inches  long  and  an  inch  and  a  half  wide,  with  slender  midribs  and  four  or  five  pairs 
of  thin  pale  yellow  primary  veins ;  they  are  borne  on  slender  grooved  petioles  somewhat  villose  at  first 
but  soon  glabrous,  and  about  three  quarters  of  an  inch  in  length.  The  stipules  are  linear,  straight,  or 
falcate,  finely  glandular-serrate,  and  turn  bright  red  in  fading.  On  vigorous  leading  shoots  the  leaves 
are  broadly  ovate,  acute,  or  acuminate,  full  and  rounded  or  occasionally  truncate  or  broadly  cuneate  at  the 
base,  more  coarsely  dentate  and  more  deeply  lobed  than  the  leaves  of  lateral  branchlets,  and  often  three 
inches  long  and  two  inches  and  a  half  wide,  with  stout  winged  often  glandular  petioles  and  narrow 
falcate  acuminate  glandular  stipules.  In  the  autumn  before  falling  the  leaves  turn  yellow  or  brown. 
The  flowers  are  three  quarters  of  an  inch  in  diameter,  and  are  produced  on  slender  pedicels  in  compact 
compound  three  to  ten-flowered  corymbs,  with  linear  acuminate  glandular  red  bracts  and  bractlets. 
The  calyx-tube  is  broadly  obconic  and  the  lobes  are  gradually  narrowed  from  broad  bases,  acuminate, 
and  entire  or  occasionally  obscurely  serrate  toward  the  apex.  There  are  twenty  stamens  with  small 
pale  yellow  anthers,  and  from  three  to  five  styles  surrounded  at  the  base  by  a  thin  ring  of  pale  hairs. 
The  fruit  ripens  at  the  end  of  September  or  early  in  October,  and  is  borne  on  slender  pedicels,  in  few- 
fruited  drooping  clusters ;  it  is  globose,  yellow-green  flushed  with  red,  and  a  third  of  an  inch  in  diameter ; 
the  calyx  is  prominent,  with  a  well-developed  tube,  a  broad  and  comparatively  doep  cavity,  and  closely 
appressed  lobes ;  the  flesh  is  yellow-green,  thin,  dry,  and  mealy.  The  nutlets  vary  from  three  to  five 
in  number,  and  are  thin,  rounded,  and  sometimes  slightly  ridged  and  grooved  on  the  back,  and  about 
three  sixteenths  of  an  inch  in  length. 

Cratagux  vuha  grows  in  rich  moist  soil  on  the  borders  of  Horseleg  Creek  at  Rome,  Georgia,  and 
in  the  low  flat  woods  in  the  neighborhood  of  Gadsden  on  the  Coosa  River  in  northeastern  Alabama, 
where  it  was  discovered  in  the  spring  of  1899  by  Mr.  C.  L.  Boynton. 


9  [J 


!  li! 


i|   : 


i!.l 


!l! 


U 


EXPLANATION  OF  THE  PLATE. 


Plate  DCC.    Cbat^ous  vulsa. 

1.  A  flowering  branch,  nntuial  site. 

2.  VvrtiuU  section  of  a  flower,  enUrged. 

3.  A  ralyx-lobe,  enUrged. 

4.  A  fruiting  branch,  natural  size. 

C.  Vertical  section  of  a  fruit,  natural  site. 

6.  Cross  section  of  a  fruit,  natural  siie. 

7.  A  nutlet,  rear  view,  enlarged. 

8.  A  nutlet,  side  view,  enlarged. 

9.  A  leaf  of  a  rigorous  shoot,  natural  sit*. 


Tab.DCC 


-«r 


9  yj 


EXPLANATION   OK   THK   PIJITK. 


rtiic    i'<t  ,i     ,...r»    viJIJIA. 

t    A  flowenng  btaiirti,  luituikl  tii*. 
li,  V'artirsJ  •ftaion  "i  »  Uuwer,  eblitrgMl. 
3.  A  i-alyt-luNi.  •iiiUrg*d. 
i    A  fraitin^  Imnuti.  oMnnd  uu. 
t'.  Venk-kl  «>«U<>n  '■(  A  friiil.  n>tarftl  si»<. 

6.  Crona  wcliuii  <4  k  froit,  tiiitnral  mm. 

7.  A  tmtlct.  row  view    rulwnod- 
S    A  nutjul,  tide  vi««r,  o:ili»rg»«l. 

\>.  A  loaf  of  »  viKoroua  siiooi,  itkUiral  iilu. 


jilva     •'  NorllT   Aiiipnca. 


Tab  DCC. 


/■'/./>v;  Jf*t 


Zartaiui  ■si'^. 


crat/e:,gus  vulsa 


A .'ii^'t r(V4^-  a'/yfu  ' 


fnifi  >f7hn£4tr  Parij- 


ROSACEiB. 


SILVA   OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


175 


ORAT^GUS  OLABBIUSOULA. 


Haw. 


Sta^xENS  20  ;  anthers  white, 
dark  gveen,  and  lustrous. 


Leaves  oblong-ovate  to  semiorbicular,  subcoriaceous, 


Cratcegua  glabriuao-ila,  Skr^rsnt,  Sot.  Ocuette,  xxxi.  236  (1901). 

A  tree,  from  twenty  to  twenty-five  feet  in  height,  with  a  tall  straight  stem  often  a  foot  in  diameter 
covered  with  thin  dark  brown  scaly  bark,  and  long  ascending,  branches  forming  a  narrow  head.  The 
branchlets  are  slender,  nearly  straight  or  rarely  somewhat  zigzag,  marked  by  numerous  small  pale 
lenticels,  and  unarmed  or  furnished  with  occasional  very  thin  straight  chestnut-brown  lustrous  spines 
generally  from  three  quarters  of  an  inch  to  an  inch  in  leng;th.  The  leaves  vary  from  oblong-ovate  to 
semiorbicular,  and  are  acute  and  often  short-pointed  or  rarely  rounded  at  the  apex,  gradually  narrowed 
from  below  the  middle  and  decurrent  on  the  long  slender  slightly  grooved  glandular  petioles,  coarsely 
and  often  doubly  serrate  usually  only  above  the  middle,  with  broad  straight  gland-tipped  teeth,  and 
sometimes  divided  toward  the  apex  into  two  or  three  short  acute  lobes ;  when  the  flowers  open  about  the 
first  of  April  they  are  nearly  fully  grown,  and  are  membranaceous  and  slightly  pilose  above,  with  scattered 
pale  hairs  which  are  most  abundant  along  the  base  of  the  midribs  and  soon  disappear ;  and  at  maturity 
they  are  subcoriaceous,  hard,  and  firm  in  texture,  dark  green  and  lustrous  on  the  upper  surface,  pal 
the  lower  surface,  from  an  inch  and  a  half  to  two  inches  long  and  from  three  quarters  of  an  inch  to  ai 
inch  wide,  with  thin  light  yellow  midribs  and  primary  veins  extending  obliquely  toward  the  apex  of  the 
leaf  and  conspicuous  secondary  veins  and  reticulated  veinlets.  The  stipules  are  linear,  entire,  and  about 
a  third  of  an  inch  in  length.  On  vigorous  leading  shoots  the  leaves  are  often  ovate,  broadly  cuneate 
at  the  base,  much  more  coarsely  dentate  and  more  frequently  lobed  than  the  leaves  of  lateral  branchlets, 
and  from  two  inches  to  two  inches  and  a  half  long  and  wide,  with  foliaceous  lunate  coarsely  glandular- 
dentate  stipules  sometimes  an  inch  broad.  The  flowers,  which  are  about  half  an  inch  in  diameter,  are 
borne  on  long  slender  pedicels,  in  few-flowered  rather  compact  thin-branched  corymbs,  with  minute  linear 
finely  glandular-serrate  caducous  bracts  and  bractlets.  The  calyx-tube  is  broadly  obconic,  and  the  lobes 
are  short,  gradually  narrowed  from  broad  bases,  acute,  entire,  villose  on  the  upper  suiface,  and  reflexed 
after  the  flowers  open.  There  are  twenty  stamens  with  elongated  filaments  and  nearly  white  anthers, 
and  five  styles.  The  fruit,  which  ripens  in  September  and  often  does  not  fall  until  late  in  the  winter, 
hangs  on  slender  stems  in  compact  many-fruited  drooping  clusters ;  it  varies  from  short-oblong  to 
obovate  or  to  nearly  globose,  and  is  dull  orange  color  marked  by  minute  dark  dots,  and  about  a 
quarter  of  an  incli  long ;  the  calyx  is  conspicuous,  with  a  deep  broad  cavity  and  spreading  or  closely 
appressed  lobes  wliich  are  but  slightly  enlarged,  dull  red  on  the  upper  side  at  the  base,  and  often 
deciduous  before  the  fruit  ripens ;  the  flesh  is  very  thin,  yellow,  dry,  and  hard.  The  five  nutlets  are 
rounded  and  sometimes  obscurely  grooved  on  the  back,  and  about  three  sixteenths  of  an  inch  long. 

Crutitgua  glabriuscitht  inhabits  the  dry  parts  of  the  bottom-lands  of  the  Trinity  River  and  its 
branches  near  Dallas,  Texas,  where  it  grows  in  forests  of  Ulmus  crassifoUa  and  Celtis  Mississippiensu, 
and  where  it  was  discovered  in  June,  1899,  by  Mr.  Julien  Reverchon.' 


*  Jiilien  Reverchon  (Aujpiat  IJ,  18.^7)  was  born  in  the  little  vil- 
lain* of  Diemuz  near  Lyons  in  France,  uf  a  family  well  known  for 
it6  .stn)nf^  reptiblican  principles,  his  {grandfather  tfaccpies  llovercbon 
having  be«n  a  member  of  the  convention  which  framed  the  consti- 


tution of  the  first  French  Republic,  and  his  father  and  uncle  active 
participants  in  the  Revolution  of  1848.  In  18<'i5  ho  came  with  his 
father  to  Tolas,  where  the  family  purchased  a  farm  in  the  neighbor- 
hood of  Dallas.    Hero  he  was  able  to  turn  the  knowledge  uf  botany 


In 


176 


SILVA   OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


BOMACE^. 


whir';  h«  had  uquind  in  hii  natire  village  u  a  bo;  to  good  um  in 
mal  ig  large  colleotiuna  of  the  than  little  known  planti  growing  in 
the  oeigkborhood  of  his  home.  Theu  brought  him  the  oorreipond- 
enn  of  Aia  Graj  and  other  botaniiti,  who  indnoed  him  to  oitend 
his  botanical  excursions,  and  in  1885  he  was  able  to  devote  several 
months  to  exploring  a  part  of  southwestern  Texas  which  had  not 
been  previouslj  visited  bjr  botanist*.  After  this  journey,  rich  in 
many  discoveries,  bis  pmfltakle  dairy  farm  kept  him  at  home  for 
several  years,  but  now  relieved  from  the  cares  of  business,  Mr. 


Keverahon  has  recommenced  botanical  work  and  ia  devoting  kim- 
telf  to  collecting  the  still  imperfectly  known  planta  of  eastern 
Texas.  Rtvenkonia,  a  genua  of  the  Euphorbia  family,  was  named 
in  his  lionor  by  Asa  Gray,  and  the  name  of  Reverobon  is  also  asso- 
ciated with  the  flora  of  his  adopted  state  in  specie*  of  Gyrostachys, 
Andracbne.  Aristida,  Huehlenbergia,  Panicum,  Vioia,  Hedeoma, 
Campanula,  Ptoralea,  Petaloateiuon,  and  Astragalus,  discovered  by 
him. 


EXPLANATION  OP  THE  PLATE. 

Plate  DCCL    CBAT.«ovg  olabriuscula. 

1.  A  flowering  branch,  natural  size. 

2.  Vertical  section  uf  a  flower,  enlarged, 

3.  A  calyx-lobe,  enlarged. 

4.  A  fruiting  branch,  natural  size. 

r>.  Cross  section  of  a  fruit,  natural  size. 

r>.  A  nutlet,  rear  view,  enlarged. 

7.  A  nutlet,  sido  view,  enlsrjjed. 

8.  Leaf  of  a  shoot  with  a  stipule,  natural  lize. 

9.  A  leaf,  natural  size. 


•    ' 


ROMACE*. 

:  and  ii  daroting  biin- 
wn  pUnta  of  eattern 
ia  (ainilyi  waa  named 
taverchon  ia  alao  aaao- 
peciea  of  Gyraataohjra, 
ini,  Vicia,  Iledeoma, 
ragalua,  diaoovered  by 


■^ 


\ 


^ 


n-v 


'.*^ 


'•f 


f 


\  ) 


176 


SILVA    OF  aWOKTII  AMEHICA. 


KWAREA 


whiob  Iw  had  ««quir«<l  in  hit  Mktiv*  «tluc«  v  •  baj  ki  good  iim  in 
imkiiiK  Urir*  <*<illMiti«M  of  Ik*  tkM  litU*  known  pUuli  gtvmnf  iu 
the  DaijtltliorluHMl  >>f  Iim  fca^a.  'fbcM  bruught  bun  tb«  ciirrw^mt- 
rnc«  iif  Am  (irai  ;i«4  <«k*t  Vrftnitf*,  wbo  ipduMd  bim  l«  «it«ml 
bo  hoUiiioJ  rmur^HM,  itnl  III  IHti'i  b«  WM  tUx  to  liovoia  MTWal 
■MMtln  to  tn'^luiretf  •  f%n  o(  MKitbwMMra  Tuu  whwh  bud  not 
hniii  yifViMmtij  vwiml  br  IxiUiiiiU.  After  ttui  ji'tirnty,  nek  lu 
■M«7  (l.M'/itri.rK.  hi>  |irii|U»l>lr  ilair;  Iwto  k«|rt  Um  •!  bone  for 
•*Tor«i  y««rm  tHit  uow  rvlirftHl   fruiii   tba  imnw  ol    bwuoMDi,   Mr 


Kovambnii  hiu  rKoinin*iw»<l  bntjuiiim!  fxaril  Mid  ii  lUvotinfr  liiiii- 
»rlf  tti  uii)LH!iiDff  till)  itill  iin|ierf«<rtly  kii'iivn  pUi.t«  ot  rutorn 
Triiu.  Hfvercho^in,  %  ^^nnt  of  thv  Kiipliorlne  (ftiitilf,  wu  n«ni«tl 
lu  hii  honor  hy  Ami  iirity.  And  th.^  lutiiiv  uf  HevifitUia  \t  aUu  ueo^ 
ii*tMl  with  the  llor*  of  hi*  hiIii|iI<iiI  ttitlr  ii>  •pvrix*  .if  I  Ivrtwtachyi, 
AiMlmchm*,  Armtiilii,  Muchh>ntN-rt(i»,  rAiiirtini,  Vtcm  llrtlronia, 
(  Kinpftniil^  Pximlo*,  l'«t«lu«li-iuon,  mhI  A>lnig«liu,  .i.-rorarril  hj 
bull 


%-' 


KXHLANAIIU.N    Of'    I  111.   ri.ATK. 

Platk  IXX!L    Cratx'iuii  <h.a#«ii;ii(.-i-la. 

1.  A  flowvring  hranrh,  iialarel  tit*. 

2.  Vertical  Mu'tion  of  n  flower   onlargad. 
'A.  A  f*lT*-l«l<«,  DiiUr||;<>il. 

4.  A  fn>>tiB)i  bmnch,  imturkl  ium. 

5.  Cnm  M>p(i>/n  ■>(  ■  fruit,  natsral  WM. 
6-   A  i-  vtAw.  tfiiUrged. 

T      \       .  'lew,  ^ntAr^nJ. 

fi    I.**!  M  '.  tinKA  witli  a  *tipult,  lutural  liio. 


I  Mil  ii  lUTotinir  liini- 
)w(4  plM.u  of  riutorn 
lUk  Uiiiil/,  wM  naratil 
[i«vtfitV>a  i«  also  umv 
ip«^ri4M>  of  UvruAtaohji, 
tini,  Vune  Mfdf^tmia, 
ragaliu,  (lt»<>4iv«r«(l  by 


Silva  of  North  America 


Tab.  DCCl. 


C  i.',Fa.tofi  i/V, 


!fa^ui&  sc. 


CRAT^GUS  GLABRIUr>CULA,Sar6 


ii^niiwiwiiwmMWidi 


KOHACK^. 


SILVA    OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


177 


ORAT^OUS  BLANDA. 
Saw. 

Stamens   20 ;  anthcrn  cnnary-ycllow.     Leaves  oviil  to  rhombic,  acute,  or  acumi- 


nate. 


OraUBVua  blanda,  Sargent,  Bot.  Oaxette,  xzxiii.  121  (1902). 


A  nearly  glabrous  unarmed  tree,  from  twenty-five  to  thirty  feet  in  height,  with  a  tall  trunk  ten 
or  twelve  inches  in  diameter  covered  with  dark  brown  or  nearly  black  bark  divided  by  shallow  fissures 
and  broken  on  the  surface  into  small  plate-like  scales,  and  stout  ascending  branches  formiug  a  broad 
open  irregular  head.  The  branchlets  are  slender,  nearly  straight,  glabrous,  and  marked  by  large 
scattered  pale  lenticels ;  and  when  they  first  appear  they  are  dark  orange-green,  becoming  dull  red- 
brown  diuing  their  first  season,  and  darker  brown  the  following  year.  The  leaves  vary  from  oval  to 
rhombic,  and  are  acute  or  acuminate  and  occasionally  slightly  lobed  toward  the  apes,  broadly  cuneate 
or  concave-cuneate  at  the  entire  base,  and  coarsely  crenulate-serrate  above  the  middle,  with  gland-tipped 
teeth  ;  coated  with  soft  pale  hairs  when  they  unfold,  they  are  fully  ^rown  when  the  flowers  open  about 
the  first  of  May,  and  are  then  membranaceous,  dark  green  and  lu.strouB  above  and  glabrous  below, 
with  the  exception  of  large  tufts  of  snow-white  tomentum  in  the  axils  of  the  primary  veins,  from  an 
inch  and  a  half  to  two  inches  in  length  and  from  an  inch  to  an  inch  and  a  half  in  width,  and  in  the 
autumn  they  are  subcoriaceous,  yellow-green  and  lustrous  on  the  upper  surface  and  paler  on  the  lower 
surface,  with  slender  midribs  deeply  impressed  above,  and  two  or  three  pairs  of  thin  primary  veins 
extending  very  obliquely  toward  the  apex  of  the  leaf ;  they  are  borne  on  slender  petioles  slightly  winged 
above,  villose  at  first  along  the  upper  side  but  soon  glabrous,  and  from  three  quarters  of  an  inch  to  an 
inch  long.  On  vigorous  leading  shoots  the  leaves  are  often  broadly  ovate,  full  and  rounded  at  the 
base,  more  deeply  lobed  above  the  middle,  from  two  inches  to  two  inches  and  a  half  in  length,  and 
from  an  inch  and  a  half  to  two  inches  in  width.  The  stipules  are  linear-lanceolate,  entire,  from  one 
third  to  one  quarter  of  an  inch  long,  and  caducous.  The  flowers,  which  are  an  inch  in  diameter,  are 
borne  on  slender  elongated  pedicels,  in  broad  many-flowered  compound  glabrous  corymbs,  with  linear 
entire  bracts  and  bractlets.  The  calyx-tube  is  broadly  obconic  and  glabrous,  and  the  lobes,  which  are 
gradually  narrowed  from  broad  bases,  are  acuminate,  entire  or  obscurely  dentate,  glabrous,  and  reflexed 
after  the  flowers  open.  There  are  twenty  stamens  with  small  canary-yellow  anthers,  and  five  styles. 
The  fruit  ripens  about  the  middle  of  October,  and  is  produced  in  many-fruited  drooping  clusters  ;  it  is 
subglobose  or  short-oblong,  bright  orange-red,  marked  by  few  large  pale  dots,  a  quarter  of  an  inch  in 
diameter,  and  crowned  by  the  prominent  calyx,  with  a  broad  deep  cavity  and  spreading  lobes  which 
are  usually  deciduous  before  the  fruit  ripens ;  the  flesh  is  thin,  yellow,  dry,  and  mealy.  The  five 
nutlets  are  thin,  deeply  grooved  on  the  back,  pale  brown,  and  three  quarters  of  an  inch  in  length. 

Cratagus  blanda  was  discovered  in  April,  1901,  by  W.  M.  Canby,  B.  F.  Bush,  and  C.  S.  Sargent, 
growing  on  dry  uplands  and  low  rolling  hills  near  Fulton  on  the  Red  River  in  southern  Arkansas. 


i  \ 

i  I 
?  t 


EXPLANATION  OF  THE   PLATE. 


! 


Platc  IX!Cn.    Ckat.siiui  blamda. 
L  A  flowaring  brmnch,  natural  iiiie. 

2.  Vertical  teetion  of  a  Hower,  enlarged. 

3.  A  calyx-lobe,  enlarged. 

4.  A  fruiting  branch,  natural  site. 

5.  Vertical  uction  of  a  fruit,  enlarged. 
r>.  CroH  aection  of  a  fruit,  enlarged. 

7.  A  nutlet,  lide  view,  enlarge<l. 
(<.  A  nutlet,  rear  riew,  enlarged. 


/? 


vn.-..^^    f^^^ 


#    D  ) 


CRATiCC- 


l.XCLANAll()N     )K   TUF    I'l.ATE. 


PLAMS    IKX'tl.      CsATJMCn   StAJflU. 

1.  A  flowarini;  tvanelt,  nalnnl  •i'e. 

2.  Vertifrai  utertirr  ■>?  n  H  )w>>i.  enlarged. 

3.  A  c«ly\-l'iixi   • 

*.  A  fniUv»K  i'la.,    .     «,,.,..  -.;.■. 

5.  Vertical  5»rti<iti  of  «  frait,  «ui)iiri;ed. 

6.  CroM  wotion  of  »  fwji,  cnlnrgw!. 

7.  A  nuU^t,  «itle  vi*!w,  fnlnrjfwi. 
f*.   A  ontlet.  rear  view,  eiiUiJ-jjeil. 


iilva  of  North  America. 


Tab.DCCII. 


/  f.'KM-.':  .;,■/ 


Na^i/ui/Jf 


CRATytrjUS    B  LAN  DA  IW^. 


^  Jiit'iV'fftu-  ,liret/-f 


hftf>  .  -'  '".'nt-ur  .'tin. 


\-      i| 


It.  I 


UOSAC£LS. 


SILVA   OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


179 


ORAT-fflGUS  NTTIDA. 

Baw. 

Stamenb  15  to  20 ;  anthers  yellow.    Leaves  lanceolate  to  oblong-obovate,  acuminate, 
coriaceous,  dark  green,  and  lustrous. 


Crataagns  nitida,  Sargent,  Bot.  Gazette,  xzzi.  231  (190) ).  — 

Britton,  Man.  520. 
Crataagus  viridis,  Sargent,  Silva  N.  Am.  iv.  109  (in  part) 
(not  Liniueui)  (1892). 


Crateegua  viridia,  var.  nitida,  Britton  &  Brown,  III.  Fl. 
ii.  242  (1897). 


A  nearly  glabrous  tree,  often  thirty  feet  in  height,  with  a  tall  straight  trunk  sometimes  eighteen 
inches  in  diameter  covered  with  close  dark  bark  broken  into  thick  plate-like  scales,  and  stout  spreading 
lower  branches  and  erect  upper  branches  forming  a  broad  open  rather  irregular  head.  The  branchlets 
are  slender,  nearly  straight,  marked  by  small  pale  lenticels,  and  are  unarmed  or  armed  with  occasional 
straight  thin  bright  chestnut-brown  lustrous  spines  from  an  inch  to  an  inch  and  a  half  in  length : 
during  their  first  and  second  seasons  they  are  bright  orange-brown  and  lustrous,  becoming  pale  reddish 
brown  during  their  third  year,  and  ultimately  ashy  gray.  The  leaves  vary  from  lanceolate  to  oblong- 
obovate,  and  are  acuminate,  abruptly  or  gradually  narrowed  and  cuneate  at  the  entire  base,  coarsely 
serrate  above,  with  straight  or  incurved  glandular  teeth,  and  often  more  or  less  divided  into  two  or 
three  pairs  of  broad  acute  lobes ;  when  they  unfold  they  are  membranaceous,  slightly  villose  along  the 
upper  side  of  the  midribs,  with  scattered  pale  caducous  hairs,  and  dark  red  ;  soon  becoming  green  and 
lustrous,  at  maturity  they  are  thick  and  coriaceous,  dark  green  and  very  lustrous  on  the  upper  surface, 
pale  ii  nd  dull  on  the  lower  surface,  from  two  to  tl  ree  inches  long  and  from  an  inch  to  an  inch  and  a 
half  \\'ide,  with  prominent  midribs  usually  red  on  the  lower  side  and  few  thin  prominent  primary 
veins  slightly  impressed  above  and  generally  running  to  the  points  of  the  lobes ;  they  are  borne  on 
stout  grooved  glandular  petioles  which  are  more  or  less  winged  above,  villose  while  young  on  the  upper 
side,  and  from  one  half  to  three  quarters  of  an  inch  in  length.  On  vigorous  leading  shoots  the  leaves 
are  frequently  five  inches  long  and  two  and  a  half  inches  wide,  and  more  deeply  lobed  than  the  leaves 
of  fertile  branchlets,  with  lunate,  stipitate,  coarsely  glandular-serrate  stipules  occasionally  half  an  inch 
in  length.  The  flowers,  which  open  early  in  May  when  the  leaves  are  nearly  fully  grown  and  are 
about  three  quarters  of  an  inch  in  diameter,  are  borne  on  slender  elongated  pedicels  in  broad  compound 
very  thin-branched  many-flowered  corymbs,  with  minute  linear  bracts  and  bractlets.  The  calyx-tube 
is  narrowly  obconic,  and  the  lobes  are  narrow,  elongated,  acuminate,  entire  or  sparingly  and  irregularly 
glandular-serrate,  and  reflexed  after  the  flowers  open.  There  are  from  fifteen  to  twenty  stamens  with 
slender  pale  yellow  anthers,  and  from  two  to  five  styles.  The  fruit  ripens  at  the  end  of  October, 
and  hangs  on  slender  elongated  pedicels,  in  many-fruited  drooping  clusters ;  it  is  oblong,  full  and 
rounded  at  the  ends,  dull  brick  red,  pruinose,  with  a  slight  glaucous  bloom,  marked  by  small  dark  dots, 
from  one  lialf  to  five  eighths  of  an  inch  in  length  and  about  one  third  of  an  inch  in  thickness ;  the 
calyx-cavity  is  deep  and  narrow,  and  the  lobes,  which  are  only  slightly  enlarged,  are  dark  red  at  the 
base  on  the  upper  side,  usimlly  erect  and  often  deciduous  before  the  fruit  ripens ;  the  flesh  is  thick, 
yellow,  dry,  and  mealy.  The  nutlets,  which  vary  from  two  to  five  in  number,  are  rounded  and  ridged 
on  the  back,  with  low  broad  rounded  ridges,  light-colored,  and  a  quarter  of  an  inch  in  length. 

CratceguK  nitida  is  a  common  tree  in  the  woods  which  cover  the  higher  parts  of  the  bottoms  of 
the  Mississippi  River  in  Illinois  opposite  tiie  city  of  St.  Louis,  where  it  was  first  collected  in  June, 


180 


SILVA   OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


ROSACBiB. 


1881,  by  Mr.  G.  W.  Lettenuau,  by  whom  seeds  were  sent  in  1883  to  the  Arnold  Arboretum,  where 
this  tree  is  now  fully  established. 


■  In  th«  Arnold  Arboratum  tha  flower*  of  CraUtjut  nitida  op«D 
during  tha  flnt  W6ek  in  Jun«,  and  the  fruit  ripena  toward  the  end 
of  October,  and  falls  graduaUj.  At  this  season  of  the  year  it  is  a 
handsome  object,  the  large  learei  of  the  long  vigorous  shoots  bar- 


ing gradually  turned  to  a  rich  orange-yellow  color  through  shades 
of  bronxe  and  orange-red,  while  the  leaven  on  the  shoots  of  lateral 
branohlets  are  still  green  and  very  lustrous,  and  make  a  beautiful 
contrast  with  the  abundant  but  ratbei'  dull-colored  fruit*. 


EXPLANATION  OF  THE  PLATE. 

PtATR   DCCIII.      CRATjfiOini   NITIDA. 

1.  A  flowering  branch,  natural  size. 

2.  Vertical  section  of  a  flower,  enlarged. 

3.  A  fruiting  branch,  natural  bize. 

4.  Croat  section  of  a  fruit,  enlarged. 
6.  A  nutlet,  enlarged 


ROSACEA 

wretiun,  where 


ilor  through  ihadei 
he  ibooU  of  Ut«rml 
id  make  a  beautiful 
red  fruiti. 


\ 


^. 


hiJ 


■^ 


/ 


^\^ 


/ 


/ 


% 


■'  i*  J'-  *^"' 


!0^ 


:  Uf--/^.G-\?,    NITinA 


I  i'i'^^^'^j— -•»'-iA 


^ 


-OM*"' 


ISO 


SUVA    or  SOUTH  AMElilCA. 


RoaAnLB. 


1881,  by  Mr.  G.  W    l.«>tli»n»iui,  by  whum  Hcetls  were  sent  in  1883  to  the  Aruold  Arboretum,  ^lieta 
thU  ti-ee  i»  unw  fvMf  Mtabiiithed. 


■  In  Um  AnH^i  Art«>«iaai  tkk  Howsn  of  Cnutfat  miida  uihiq 
duinf  Um  toai  *««k  >u  Jimo,  auJ  tha  fruit  ri|i*i»  Uxranl  th«  cud 
of  (Mohi'i,  mhI  lilh  fta/lnall;.  At  tiiit  «*uoD  uf  ilic  rear  it  in  a 
>  MiJMI,  tb*  larifo  ImrM  of  the  long  tipinxu  (baott  bar- 


isg  gradually  tunwHi  to  a  rich  urange-yullow  culor  Uimugli  iliadrt 
of  liroiue  aiid  orange-reJ,  wbilri  the  lr»Tc«  ot.  thr  ibiiata  uf  lateral 
bfaimhleU  arc  aUII  grwii  aud  very  luntrou.,  and  maka  a  Uaiitiful 
itntnut  wiih  llw  aliundaat  but  rath«r  dull-coluntd  fnuta. 


F.XPJ.ANATION  OY    IIIK   ri.ATK. 


1.  k  flowtring  brsnrli,  natural  »««<> 

2.  Vertical  am'tion  of  a  tlowsr,  eiiUrgcil. 
•S.  A  fmitiiiK  braiirh.  natural  uhr. 

4.  Cru*  M<rtion  of  a  fruit,  en!ari(Ml. 
&■  A  itullcrt.  rnUrgwl 


Si'.va  of  Nnrt'.i  America. 


Tab.DCCH! 


M      I 


! ' Ey<).i\m  iM 


Hm.HiJTiehf  JC. 


CRATy£GUS    NITIDA,  oaro 


A  }iiorrt*iur  t^/rev 


Irrtf      Thrnmir  Parw. 


ROSACILB. 


SILVA   OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


181 


CRAT-fflGUS  ATRORUBENS. 


R«d  Haw. 
Stamens  20.     Leaves  ovate,  acute,  membranaceous. 

OraUegus  atrorubens,  Aahe,  Jour.  Eluha  MitcheU  Sci.  Soe.  xvi.  pt.  ii.  78  (1900). 

A  tree,  sometimes  thirty  feet  in  height,  with  a  tall  trunk  from  twelve  to  eighteen  inches  in 
diameter  covered  with  dark  red-brown  scaly  bark,  and  comparatively  thin  erect  and  spreading  branches 
forming  a  coi'tpact  rather  narrow  head.  The  branchlets  are  slender,  nearly  straight,  marked  by 
occasional  obiong  dark  lenticels,  and  usually  unarmed ;  dark  green  and  more  or  less  tinged  with  red 
when  they  first  appear,  during  their  first  season  they  become  dark  chestnut-brown  and  vory  lustrous, 
and  bright  reddish  brown  in  their  second  year.  The  leaves  are  ovate,  acute,  usually  full  and  rounded 
but  sometimes  broadly  cuneate  or  truncate  at  the  entire  base,  coarsely  and  usually  doubly  serrate,  and 
often  divided  in  ;o  two  or  three  pairs  of  short  acute  lobes ;  about  half  grown  when  the  flowers  open  late 
in  April  or  earl;  in  May,  they  are  then  slightly  roughened  above  by  short  scattered  white  hairs,  and  are 
furnished  beloT  with  conspicuous  tufts  of  pale  tomentum  in  the  axils  of  the  principal  veins ;  and  at 
maturity  they  a  /e  very  thin,  glabrous,  dark  dull  green  and  smooth  on  the  upper  surface,  light  yellow- 
green  on  the  '.ower  surface,  and  about  two  inches  long  and  an  inch  and  a  half  wide,  and  on  leading 
shoots  frequer.tly  three  inches  long  and  two  mches  and  a  half  wide,  with  thin  midribs  and  four  or  five 
pairs  of  slender  primary  veins  only  slightly  impressed  on  the  upper  side ;  they  are  borne  on  slender 
nearly  terere  slightly  grooved  petioles  which,  more  or  less  densely  villose  at  first,  soon  become  glabrous 
and  vary  from  an  inch  to  an  inch  and  a  half  in  length.  The  flowers  are  about  five  eighths  of  an  inch 
in  diameter,  and  are  produced  on  slender  elongated  villose  pedicels,  in  broad  loose  compound  glabrous 
or  villose  corymbs,  with  oblong-obovate  acute  minutely  glandular-serrate  bracts  and  bractlets.  The 
calyx-tube  is  narrowly  obconic,  coated  throughout  or  only  at  the  base  with  hoary  tomentum,  and  the 
lobes  are  short,  acute,  finely  glandulai^serrate,  villose  particularly  on  the  inner  surface,  and  -eflexed 
after  the  flowers  open.  There  are  twenty  stamens  with  slender  filaments  and  small  anthers,  and  four 
or  five  styles  surrounded  at  the  base  by  a  narrow  rbg  of  pale  tomentum.  The  fruit  ripens  and  falls 
early  in  October,  and  is  borne  in  drooping  few-fruited  clusters ;  it  is  subglobose  or  short-oblong,  full 
and  rounded  at  the  ends,  and  dark  red ;  the  calyx-cavity  is  broad  and  shallow,  and  the  lobes  are 
spreading  and  usually  disappear  before  the  fruit  ripens.  The  four  or  five  nutlets  are  thin,  rounded, 
and  sometimes  obscurely  grooved  on  the  back,  and  about  three  sixteenths  of  an  inch  in  length. 

Cratagm  atrorubenH  inhabits  the  rich  bottom-lands  of  the  Mississippi  River  in  East  St.  Louis, 
Illinois,'  where  it  is  not  common,  and  where  it  was  first  collected  in  1882  by  Mr.  G.  W.  Letterman. 


'  Crataijus  alrorubem  wm  deacribetl  by  Mr.  Asbe  as  growing  in 
St.  Lonig  County,  Hisaouri.  This  is  probably  a  mistake,  as  bis 
type  specimen  was  collected  by  Eggert  in  East  St.  Louis,  Illinois, 


and  I  have  not  been  able  to  find  any  specimen  of  this  tree  from 
Missouri. 


EXPLANATION  OK  THE   PLATE. 

PlATK    DCCIV.      CBAT.KdVH   ATBORUHBNI. 

1.  A  flowering  branch,  natural  aize. 

2.  Vertical  section  of  a  flower,  enlargad, 

3.  A  calyx-lobe,  enlarged. 

4.  A  fruiting  branch,  natural  tize. 

6.  Crou  (eetion  of  a  fruit  nhowing  the  nutlet*,  natural  aiu. 

6.  A  nutlet,  liile  view,  enlarged. 

7.  A  nutlet,  rear  view,  enlarged. 


,/ 


^• 


V' 


d^ 


.  .{.    ■/ 


r 


/ 


^^,>^' 


'^ 


r' 


r 


V. 


n. 


^K./-^ 


■Nv,!"  -^^" 


•4- 


EXIM.ANiTKm  <i»     ;m».   PLATK. 


>n->li.  MUunii  •■••. 

i    '    HuWiT.    "llltfgwL 


tt  >rnl  rtj/i' 


iiih;  tijc  iititlctM,  ttAttirii)  Alt 


-. .( 


W'  -  •    ■ 


S«W*  of  North  Arnenc* 


T4I.  DCCIV. 


--^X 


v^vv'""'^'**^ 


^ 


(i 


/.'  }'.Ui\tri  Jt*t 


l.trtattii  .-c 


CRAT/EGUS  ATRO RUBENS    Ashe^ 


A JiiK'.rr'Utr   Ji/eM- 


Inif'..  ^  r.ifu'ur  J'.irur. 


INDEX  TO  VOL.  XIH. 


Namea  of  Orders  are  in  small  capitals  ;  of  admitted  Genera  and  Specie!  and  other  proper  namei ,  in  roman  type ; 

of  aynonymi,  in  Uaiiei, 


Acacia  albida,  19. 

Acacia  levcacanlha,  19. 

Acaoiff  cortuosa,  10. 

Actr  barlMtum,  7. 

Acer  barhatum,  var.  Floridanum,  7. 

Actr  barbatumt  var.  grand identatum,  8. 

Acer  barbalum,  var.  nigrum,  8,  9. 

Acer  Floridanum,  var.  aeunuialum,  7. 

Acer  leucoderme,  7. 

Acer  microphyllum,  11. 

Acer  nigrum,  9. 

f  Acer  nigrum,  8. 

Acer  patmi/olium.  Tar  coneolor,  9. 

Acer  patmi/tUium,  var.  nigrum,  8. 

Acer  rubrum,  diitribution  of,  11. 

Acer  rubrum,  11. 

Acer  rubrum,  0, 11. 

Acer  rubrum,  subspeo.  mierophyllum,  11. 

Acer  rubrum,  subapec.  semiarbiculatum,  11. 

Acer  rubrum,  var.  tridena,  11. 

Acer  Rugelii,  8. 

Acer  saccharinum,  8. 

Acer  taccharinum,  aubapec.  Rugelii,  8. 

Acer  mccharinum,  aubapec.  mecharinvm,  rar. 

^ueum,  8. 
Acer  saccharinum,  var.  glaueum,  8,  9. 
A  cer  saccharinum,  var.  nigrum,  8,  9. 
Acer  Saccharum,  7. 
Acer  Saccharum,  var.  barbalum,  8. 
Acer  Saccharum,  Tar.  Floridanum,  7. 
Acer  Saccharum,  Tar.  grandidentatum,  8. 
Acer  Saccharum,  Tar.  Icucoderme,  7. 
Acer  Saccharum,  Tar.  nigrum,  9. 
Acer  Saccharum,  Tar.  Kugelii,  8. 
Acer  semiorbiculatum,  11. 
iGscuIua  auatrina,  3. 
^iculut  oclandra,  var.  hybrida,  3. 
yEiadut  I'lwia,  $  diacolor,  i. 
Algarobia  glandulota,  IS. 
Arnold,  Jamea,  1(M. 
Ashe,  William  Willard,  149. 

Beadle,  Chauncey  Uelos,  00. 
Black  Maple,  9. 
Boyntun,  Frank  Ellis,  08. 
Braiuertl,  Kzra,  112. 
Buckeye,  .1. 

Canby,  William  Mariott,  41, 
Ceanothua  apinoaus,  1. 
Cercocarpus  breviflorua,  1!7. 
Cercocarpua  futhergilloidea,  29. 
Cercorarpus  ptin'i/ntiu.t,  27. 
CtrcDCarpun  iHinyoHtm,  var.  brfrifldna,  27. 
Cfrt'tH'arpuit  ptuicitlentatui,  27. 
Cercocari'ua  Traakiie,  29. 


Chase,  Virginius  Heber,  40. 

Cherry,  Wild,  25. 

Cookspur  Thorn,  39. 

Crategus,  31. 

Cratiegus  aoutifolia,  51. 

Crattegus  anomala,  107. 

Cratiegna  aprica,  180. 

Cratffigus  Arkanaana,  86. 

Crataegus  Arnoldiana,  103. 

Cratiegus  Aabei,  149. 

Crategus  atrorubena,  181. 

Crataegua  berberifolia,  39. 

Cratagus  berberifolia,  43. 

CratteguB  Berlandieri,  91. 

Cratngua  blanda,  177. 

Cratagua  Boyntoni,  05. 

Cratiegus  Brazoria,  77. 

Cratngua  Bushii,  66. 

Crataegus  Ca:..ulenaiB,  89. 

CratKgus  Caubyi,  41. 

Cratagus  Candida,  96. 

Cratiegus  Champlainensis,  105. 

f  Cralagui  chlorocarpa,  81. 

Cratiegus  coccinea,  133. 

Cratagm  coccinea,  134. 

Cratagus  coccinea  macracantha,  136. 

Cratagus  coccinea  pruinosa,  61. 

Cratiegus  coccinea  rotundifolia,  134. 

Cratagus  coccinea  subvilloia,  101. 

Cratagus  coccinea  t,  f  mollis,  83. 

Cratagus  coccinea,  var.  macracantha,  134, 139, 

147. 
Cratagus  coccinea,  var.  mollis,  101. 
Cratsgua  cocciuioidea,  116. 
Cratagus  collicola,  73. 
Cratiegua  collina,  73. 
Cratagus  Columbiana,  95. 
Cratiegus  consanguinea,  157. 
Cratsgus  cordata,  distribution  of,  35. 
Crataegus  coruaoa,  90. 
Cratsgua  Crua-galli,  distribution  of,  30. 
Cratagus  Crus-galti,  Tar.  berberifolia,  53. 
Cratngua  Crua-galli,  rar.  pyracanthifolia, 39. 
Craticgua  Crua-galli,  Tar.  aalicifolia,  39. 
Crataegua  dilatata,  113. 
Cratiegus  dispar,  105. 
Cratiegus  Douglasii,  distribution  of,  35. 
Cratiegua  Uouglaaii,  Tar.  rivularia,  diatribu- 

tioii  of,  .15. 
Cratagus  Doaningii,  140. 
Cratiegua  edita,  57. 
Cratagus  Kggertii,  115. 
Cratagus  elliptica,  53,  107. 
Crutng\ia  Kllwangeriana,  109. 
C'ratHsgua  Eiigelninnnl,  43. 
Cratngua  crecta,  49, 


Cratngns  fecnnda,  47. 

Cratngua  flaTa,  156. 

Cratagus  Jlava,  160, 169. 

Cratagus  flava.  Tar.  elliptica,  166. 

Cratagus  Jlava,  Tar.  lobala,  166. 

Cratngua  Floridana,  169. 

Cratngus  gemmosa,  141. 

Cratngus  Georgiana,  63. 

Cratngua  glabriuacula,  176. 

Cratagus  glandulosa,  134. 

Cratagus  glandulosa,  P  macraeaniha,  147. 

t  Cratagus  glandulosa,  /9  rotundifolia,  134. 

Cratagus  glandulosa,  d  tucculenla,  139. 

Cratngus  Harbison!,  161. 

Cratngus  Holmesiana,  119, 

Cratagus  Holmesiana  villipei,  110. 

Cratagus  horrida,  134. 

Cratngus  lUinoiensis,  143. 

Cratngus  integriloba,  146. 

Cratngus  Jonean,  136. 

Cratngua  lacera,  127. 

Cratngua  lacrimata,  101. 

Cratngus  Lettermani,  79. 

Cratngus  lobulata,  117. 

Cratngua  lucorum,  126. 

Cratngus  macracantha,  147. 

f  Cratagus  macracantha,  139. 

Cratagus  macracantha.  Tar.  minor,  147. 

Cratngus  Margaretta,  1?7, 

Cratngus  Mohri,  50. 

Cratngus  mollis,  83,  84. 

Cratagus  mollis,  93, 101. 

Cratngus  nitida,  179. 

Cratngus  opima,  171. 

Cratngus  pastorum,  134. 

Cratngus  pedicellata,  121. 

Cratngus  pentaiidre,  120. 

Cratngus  Peuriensis,  45. 

Cratngus  pratenaia,  81. 

Cratngua  Pringlei,  111. 

Cratn};uB  pruinosn,  01. 

Cratngua  punctata,  diatribution  of,  35. 

Cratngua  pyriformia,  97. 

Cratngus  quercina,  05. 

Cratngus  RnTcnelii,  103. 

Cratagus  rotundifolia,  05,  134. 

Cratagus  rotundifolia,  a  minor,  147. 

Cratagus  niiundifolia,  b  mcculenta,  139. 

Cratngua  aaligna,  37. 

Cratiegus  Sargenti,  09. 

Cratiegus  scabrida,  123. 

Cratiegus  acuta,  107. 

Cratngua  sera,  87. 

Cratiegus  aignata,  63. 

Cratngua  ailvicula,  131.. 

Cratngus  sinistra,  43.   \-- — 


I 


181 

Cntagiu  tanlida,  7S. 

CnUBgnt  •ubmoUii,  101. 

CntiBgut  auborbicuUU,  71. 

Cratagut  niinllota  t  83. 

Cnbegiu  tueoulenta,  130. 

Cntiegui  Texwim,  90. 

Cralagui  lUii^olia,  84. 

CnUegut  toc-entoia,  diitribution  of,  3S. 

Cralagtu  tonuntota,  101. 

Crolayui  toawniom,  tu.  moUit,  83. 

Cntagu*  Vailia,  1S3. 

Cratagiu  naiuU,  67. 

Cralagu$  vnidit,  61, 179. 

Cnlagui  viridu,  m.  mlida,  179. 

Crmtagiu  Tuln,  173. 

Dubw,  John,  121. 

Eggert,  Heinrieh  Karl  DmimI,  SI. 
Etlwangar,  G«org«,  109. 

GlodiUia  Tenu,  13. 

Harbiion,  Thomu  Giut,  1S2. 

H*w,  37,  41,  43, 4S,  47,  49,  SI,  S3, SB,  S7,  SO. 
63, 6S,  67,  69,  73,  7S,  77,  79,  87, 89, 91, 96, 
97,  99,  lOB,  107,  111,  121,  123,  127,  131, 
135, 137, 141, 149,  ISl,  1S3, 16S,  157,  ISO, 
163, 167, 160, 171, 173, 175,  IH,  179. 

Haw,  Rod,  71, 81,  83, 85,  101, 113,  US,  117, 
no,  12B,  120, 133, 145, 181. 

Haw,  Sandhill,  161. 

Haw,  Scarlet,  61,  93, 103, 100, 130, 143, 147. 

Haw,  Summer,  165. 

Haw,  YeUow,  161. 

Hill,  Elliwoith  Jarone,  00. 

Uolmaa,  Jotepb  Aiutia,  120. 


INDEX. 

Jaak,  John  George,  106. 
Jonat,  Beatrix,  136. 

LlODHIKOI^  13. 

Letterman,  George  WaiUngtoo,  70. 

Ltucanu  gUiuca,  17. 

Leuoana  Greggii,  17. 

Lilao,  1. 

lioouit,  13 

Mahogany,  Mountain,  27. 

Maple,  Black,  9. 

Maple,  Red,  U. 

Maple,  Red,  diitribution  of,  11. 

Maple,  Sugar,  7. 

t  MapUtu  eonUina,  139. 

Mapilm  Crut-gaUi,  rar.  pi/raeanlkifolia,  39. 

ilt$pOut  gUmdvlota,  134. 

Mapilm  odarata,  147. 

MupHuM  pruino9a,  61. 

Metpilai  ntvndi/olia,  134. 

MupUiu  tucculenia,  140. 

MetpUtu  viridii,  61. 

MBaqnite,  15. 

Mimota  lorliuua,  19. 

Mohr,  Charlee,  26. 

Mountain  Blahogany ,  27. 

t  Phanopyrum  coraUinum,  139. 
Pkanopyrum  /miinorum,  61. 
Pbnk,  Elidia  Newton,  13. 
Protopit  glandulota,  IS. 
Proeopie  juliflora,  15. 
Protopu  Juli/lont,  15. 
Proeopi*  juliflora,  var.  glanduloaa,  IS. 
Proaopit  juliflora,  rar.  Talutina,  IS. 
Pmopii  vthitiiia,  tS. 


Prunni  Alabamenaia,  85. 

Pnmm  in/ucunda,  «.~. 

Pruma  $trolma  n»o-monlana,  38, 

Prunu]  tarda,  23. 

Prunua  omballata,  var.  injuoonda,  21. 

Bed  lUw,  71,  81,  83,  88,  101, 113,  115, 117, 

119, 12^  129, 133, 145, 181. 
Red  Maple,  11. 

Red  Maple,  dittribntion  of,  11. 
Rererohon,  Julien,  175. 
RoaAouc,  21. 

Sandhill  Haw,  161. 

Sapindaokjc,  3. 

Sapmdui  acumnalui,  5, 6. 

Sapindni  Drummondi,  5. 

Sapmdut  falealut,  5. 

Sapmdm  Manaitr^iit,  5. 

Sapindui  marginatus,  5. 

Sapindui  marginalut,  0. 

Sapindut  Sapmaria,  5,  6. 

Scarlet  Haw,  61,  93, 100, 109, 130, 143, 147. 

Sloe,  21,  2a 

Snail,  John  Kunkal,  21. 

Soapberry,  S. 

Sugar  Maple,  7. 

Summer  Haw,  165. 

Thom,  Codupur,  30. 
Tratk,  LuelU  Blanche,  20. 

Vail,  Anna  Murray,  164. 

WUd  Cherry,  25. 

Yellow  Haw,  161. 


0,38. 

lonnd*,  21. 

101, 113, 115,  UT, 
181. 

,11. 


109, 130, 143, 147. 


